Control of Nickel Alloy Structural Change by the Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method

The aim of the work was the assessment of capability for the change control in the structure of a compact material of pelletized heatproof nickel alloy grade EP741NP using the atomic emission method. The proposed method of evaluation is based on the statistical significance of the analytical response differences during atomic emission spectroscopy of solid specimens taken from one sample before and after heat treatment using the instruments AtomComp 81 and ARL 4460 with a high-voltage spark excitation. For calculations, the ratio of the line intensity of the analyzed element to the line intensity of the main sample component (in our case Ni2254) was used. The difference confidence estimation was made by the averages comparison method in a variance analysis. The study results are presented on the effect of material structure on analytical response during atomic emission spectroscopy of solid specimens. It was proved that the samples before and after heat treatment give statistically differing results while analyzed.

Partial Fusion (F) Gene Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Detected in Pakistan during 2021-2022

Newcastle disease (ND) virus is a leading threat to commercial and domestic poultry in Pakistan. The virus infects and constitutes irreversible impairment to the nervous system, damages the respiratory system, and marks severe gastrointestinal lesions leading to heavy mortality in short-living birds and substantial losses in layers and breeders. The continuous emergence and evolution of the virus made it inclined to evade the humoral response and indirectly the circumvention of artificial active immunization. Newcastle disease is caused by the orthoavula genus of the paramyxoviridae family and has shown high genetic diversity even in their genotypes while information regarding enzootic trends of the virus is scanty in Pakistan. A total of 40 tracheal samples of NDV were collected from different commercial broiler farms and 11 isolates of NDV were identified. In the current study, we determined the genetic diversity of the Newcastle disease virus based on the partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene available in the NCBI database. Genetic analysis showed that seven isolates belonged to class I genotype VII and four belonged to class II genotype II. Interestingly, two isolates had epidemiological connections with vaccine-like class II genotype II. Our findings, concerning the recent outbreaks of class I genotype VII and class II genotype II of NDV in vaccinated commercial flocks, suggest possible potential partial mutations in the fusion protein gene. Genetic diversity and formation of the new cleavage site in an important neutralizing protein of wild strain are linked with the potency of artificial active immunization and a major cause of vaccine failure.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea

Objective:To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea.Methods:The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-assisted extraction method in 80%methanol.The seaweed extract was then fractionated using different solvents(n-hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,butanol and water).These obtained fractions were evaluated forα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH,nitric oxide radical scavenging and metal chelating assays.The enzyme inhibition mode was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot.For acidic and thermal stabilities,the ethyl acetate fraction was treated at pH 2.0 and 100℃,respectively.The residual inhibitory activity of the fraction was calculated based on the initial inhibitory activity.For in vivo antidiabetic activity,mice were divided into four groups,including normal control,diabetic control,diabetic mice treated with ethyl acetate fraction and diabetic mice treated with gliclazide.Blood glucose level of treated mice during acute and prolonged treatments was measured.To evaluate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction,the body weight changes and activities of liver function enzymes(aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase and gammaglutamyl transferase)were carried out.Results:The extract of Laurencia dendroidea showed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities.Methanolic concentrations affected bothα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.A 80%aqueous methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants.Among solvent fractions,ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory activities againstα-glucosidase with a mixed type of inhibition and the strongest antioxidant activities,and was stable under acidic and thermal conditions.The ethyl acetate fraction treated diabetic mice significantly reduced blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group(13.16 mmol/L vs.22.75 mmol/L after 3 hours of treatment).Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction did not exhibit toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight as determined by body weight changes and liver biochemical parameters.Conclusions:Laurencia dendroidea could be a potential source for production of antidiabetic and antioxidative agents.

Interfacial reaction product and mechanical properties of the electron beam brazed K465 Ni-based superalloy joints

Ni-based superalloy K465 is brazed with BNi-2 filler metal by vacuum electron beam brazing （VEBB）. In process of VEBB, effects of processing primary parameters on shear strength of joints are investigated. Microstructure of the brazed joint with BNi-2 filler metal is studied by means of scanning electron microscopy （ SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the structure of brazed seam consists of a large amount of Ni- based γ solid solution, Ni3Al （ γ＇） , Ni3B, WB, CrB, and a small quantity of WC, NbC, The maximum shear strength of the joint is 398 MPa when the beam current of welding is 2.6 mA, heating time is 480 s and focused current is 1 800 mA.

Study on timing of preoperative fasting and water deprivation in patients receiving fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Purpose:To compare the effects of different preoperative fasting intervals and water deprivation in patients receiving fiberoptic bronchoscopy(FB).Methods:In total,390 patients receiving FB were divided into two groups.The 200 patients in the experimental group had 100 mL semi-liquid food two hours before FB,and 190 patients in the control group had 250 g ordinary food four hours before FB.The incidence of nausea,vomiting,aspiration,dizziness,and palpitations and vital signs,oxygen saturation,and anxiety level before and after FB were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea,vomiting,aspiration,or palpitations;and respiration rate,heart rate,and oxygen saturation were not different between the two groups(p>0.05).There were,however,significant differences in the incidence of dizziness,comfort level,anxiety,and blood pressure(p<0.05).Conclusion:Intake of 100 mL semi-liquid food two hours prior to FB is safe and feasible.

Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and 2018.Results The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018.The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018.The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018.HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018.Conclusion The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI.Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

Determination of Rutin, Quercetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin in the Honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina （B ＆ H） in Relation to the Composition of Pollen

Today, consumers and producers makes more and more requests for determining the type of honey and its variety because its technological and medicinal qualities depends on the origin. There are many factors which affect on the quality of honey, but the most important is geographical and botanical origin of which largely depends on its medicinal properties. There are several methods of dealing with the classification of honey but the most accurate is pollen analysis with some other tests, such as pH, electrical conductivity and sensory properties. Flavonoids--as one of the most important group of plant secondary metabolites, can be found in honey and its number and amount directly dependents of the origin of honey. In this study, 48 honey samples were tested, of which 29 were pollen honey, 11 were mixed and 8 were honeydew. In all samples, regardless of the type of honey, quercetin and naringenin are found, and rutin and hesperetin are found in-between 36%-50% of honey samples. The largest individual and avarages amounts of tested flavonoids are found in the pollen honey and at least in the mixed honeys.

Coal Potential as Source Rock of Hydrocarbon Warukin Formation Based on Coal Macerals Composition, Central Wara, Tabalong, South Kalimantan

The interest of this research: there is oil seepage at the contact between coal seam-A and sandstone facies of Warukin Formation, so it is necessary to study where is the source rock. The correlation between HI and Tmax as result from rock eval pyrolysis shows that the shale of the Warukin Formation is immature while the correlation between HI and OI shows oil prone. The vitrinite (Ro) reflectance of Central Wara coal is between 0.48% up to 0.5% (immature), the content of the vitrinite group is 68.0 - 84.8 (% Vol.), Liptinite 3.0 - 14.0 (% Vol.) and inertinite 0.48 - 25.0 (% Vol.). The high content of liptinite mineral groups (14% Vol.) and the presence of exsudatinite maceral are as an initial indication of bitumenization of oil formation when there is a change in reflectance and fluorescence. Therefore, Central Wara coal plays an important role as the source rock of the Warukin Formation, although the maturity level is immature, the presence of exsudatinite maceral is believed to be the source of origin for producing oil, where the organic material comes from terrestrial.

The Hydrochemical Characteristics of a Stressed Sand-Gravel Aquifer: Kazan Plain, Ankara, Turkey

Over-exploitation and sand-gravel mining affect groundwater resources in terms of both quantity and quality. Groundwater level and well yields in and around the sand-gravel pits significantly decrease. Sand-gravel mining also changes the turbidity levels and temperature of groundwater. Reduction and destruction of valuable aquifers are significant issues. In this case, the natural state of the aquifer disappears. The Kazan Plain in central Turkey is a dramatic example of these kinds of results. The productive sand-gravel aquifer in the Kazan plain has been substantially damaged due to intensive sand-gravel mining since the 1980s. Additionally, over-exploitation has caused notable declines in groundwater levels, particularly in the 2000s. This study focuses on the hydrogeochemical situation of the Kazan Plain alluvium aquifer after intensive sand-gravel mining and over-exploitation. Groundwater samples were collected seasonally in 2015, five years after the over-exploitation and heavy sand-gravel mining. The decline reached 20 m (about half of the saturated thickness of the sand-gravel aquifer) in the region where the intensive groundwater abstraction lasted until 2010. Some quarries continued to operate until 2010, but after that mining activity continued only at a minimum level. Today, groundwater quality has been significantly degraded due to the over-exploitation of sand-gravel mining and also the cessation of recharge from fresh river water.

Reheating Austenitizing Temperature of Spring Steel 60Si2MnA for Railway

The microsturctural transformation of austenite grain, pearlite interlamellar spacing, and lamellar cement ite thickness of spring steel 60Si2MnA for railway were studied in the hot-rolled and reheated states. Furthermore, the effect of microstructural characterization on its final mechanical properties was discussed. The results showed that as far as 60Si2MnA, the pearlite interlamellar spacing determined the hardness, whereas, the austenite grain determined the toughness. Compared with microstructure and mechanical properties in the hot rolled state, after reheating treatment at 950 ℃, its average grain sizes are apparently fine and the pearlite interlamellar spacing and lamellar cementite thickness coarsen to some extent, but both hardness and impact toughness increase to HRC 48 and 8.5 J, respectively. In the course of making spring, the optimum reheating austenitizing temperature for the 60Si2MnA steel is 950 ℃.

Isolation and Identification of Two Flavonoid Compounds from Acclimatized Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa Growing in Vietnam

Traditional Vietnamese Medicine has its own development based on the local endemic herbs,but it also inherits from Traditional Chinese Medicine using Chinese herbal medicines.Throughout the history of cultural exchange between two countries,the adoption of Chinese Danggui,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels.,has been made by Vietnamese traditional medicine practitioners for a long time.However,the acclimatization has never been successful.Japanese Danggui,or Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa,is recently being acclimatized and cultivated in several Vietnamese regions.Despite the huge climate change between the two countries,the herb adapted exquisitely well to the humid tropical climate.However,so far,there are no studies that have evaluated the effect of acclimatization on the overall quality of this medicinal herb.The aim of our study is screening secondary metabolites of this acclimatized herb for new natural compound(s),if any.The analysis of flavonoid fraction from this herb led to the identification of two known compounds which previously have not been isolated from this species elsewhere.This detection showed that the herb has reacted to the new environment.

Sustainable ifngerling production technique of endangeredLabeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) based on different protein levels in ponds

Objective:To conduct on sustainable fingerling production technique of endangered Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) (L. calbasu) based on different protein levels in ponds. Methods: The experiment was carried out under rearing pond in fish hatchery complex with three treatments group each having three replicates under department of fisheries, University of Rajshahi.L. calbasu were stocked at 41990/ha in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The initial length ofL. calbasu in three treatments were (4.60 ± 0.10) cm and initial weights were (3.48 ± 0.01) g. Fishes were fed with 28%, 30%, 32% protein supplement for T1, T2, T3, respectively. The fishes were initially fed at 10% of body weight on 1st and 2nd fortnight. Then it was decreased at 8% of body weight on 3rd and 4th fortnight. Finally in 5th fortnight they were fed 5% of body weight. The physico-chemical characteristics of pond water were measured fortnightly. Results: The mean final weight gain was found highest in T3 (40.87 ± 0.01) g which was significant compared to T1 and T2. SGR (% bwd–1) was found 2.83 ± 0.02 (T1), 3.04 ± 0.01 (T2) and 3.39 ± 0.01 (T3). The highest survival rate ofL. calbasu was found in T3 (90.00 ± 1.00) and the lowest was found in T1 (87.00 ± 1.00). The best FCR (1.54 ± 0.01) was observed in T3 fed with 32% protein supplement. The highest production was observed in T3 (1672.20 ± 16.96 kg/ha/75 days) and lowest was observed in T1(1055.50 ± 29.04 kg/ha/75 days). The highest net benefit was calculated in T3 (260663.00 ± 4326.88 tk.) and lowest was found in T1 (112831.00 ± 7383.66 tk.). The CBR was found 0.60 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.02 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. There were significant differences in CBR values among the three treatments. Conclutions:In this study, growth parametersi.e., weight gain, SGR (% bwd–1), length gain, total yield were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in T3 treatment fed with 32% protein supplemented diets.

电针配合鼻腔冲洗治疗上气道咳嗽综合征疗效及对患儿疼痛症状的影响

目的 研究上气道咳嗽综合征患儿应用电针配合鼻腔冲洗治疗的临床价值。方法 纳入我院2020年2月~2021年6月期间收治的150例上气道咳嗽综合征患儿,按照随机方式均分为甲乙组,乙组应用针刺加电刺激治疗,甲组在其基础上进行等渗盐水鼻腔冲洗治疗,对比甲乙组治疗有效性及不良反应发生状况。结果 甲组治疗有效性为96.00%,高于乙组的84.00%,差异性显著(P<0.05)。甲组不良反应发生率为2.67%,低于乙组12.00%,差异性显著(P<0.05)。结论 相较于单应用电针治疗,在其基础上加用等渗盐水鼻腔冲洗治疗,临床成效显著,可显著改善患者临床症状,减轻其临床疼痛等不适感,值得临床推广应用。