Effects of Different Seed Coating Agents on the Quality of"Grey-matter"Hybrid Rice Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.

Application of the CatBoost Model for Stirred Reactor State Monitoring Based on Vibration Signals

Stirred reactors are key equipment in production,and unpredictable failures will result in significant economic losses and safety issues.Therefore,it is necessary to monitor its health state.To achieve this goal,in this study,five states of the stirred reactor were firstly preset:normal,shaft bending,blade eccentricity,bearing wear,and bolt looseness.Vibration signals along x,y and z axes were collected and analyzed in both the time domain and frequency domain.Secondly,93 statistical features were extracted and evaluated by ReliefF,Maximal Information Coefficient(MIC)and XGBoost.The above evaluation results were then fused by D-S evidence theory to extract the final 16 features that are most relevant to the state of the stirred reactor.Finally,the CatBoost algorithm was introduced to establish the stirred reactor health monitoring model.The validation results showed that the model achieves 100%accuracy in detecting the fault/normal state of the stirred reactor and 98%accuracy in diagnosing the type of fault.

Oral administration of egg white ovotransferrin prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

Ovotransferrin,an iron-binding glycoprotein,accounting for approximately 12%of egg white protein,is a member of transferrin fam ily.Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity.The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized(OVX)Sprague-Dawley rats.Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight,food intake and organ weight.After 12-week treatment,feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1%(1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet)prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture.The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups,while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased.Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-αand IL-6,which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation.In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover,ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis,and regulating immune response.Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.

Weizmannia coagulans:an ideal probiotic for gut health

Weizmannia coagulans(formerly Bacillus coagulans)is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium.It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage.W.coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota,modulation of immunity,and improving digestibility and metabolism.Spores,germinated cells and metabolites of W.coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs.W.coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration.W.coagulans has been generally recognized as safe(GRAS)by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health.The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W.coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods.This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W.coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W.coagulans.

Partial Fusion (F) Gene Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Detected in Pakistan during 2021-2022

Newcastle disease (ND) virus is a leading threat to commercial and domestic poultry in Pakistan. The virus infects and constitutes irreversible impairment to the nervous system, damages the respiratory system, and marks severe gastrointestinal lesions leading to heavy mortality in short-living birds and substantial losses in layers and breeders. The continuous emergence and evolution of the virus made it inclined to evade the humoral response and indirectly the circumvention of artificial active immunization. Newcastle disease is caused by the orthoavula genus of the paramyxoviridae family and has shown high genetic diversity even in their genotypes while information regarding enzootic trends of the virus is scanty in Pakistan. A total of 40 tracheal samples of NDV were collected from different commercial broiler farms and 11 isolates of NDV were identified. In the current study, we determined the genetic diversity of the Newcastle disease virus based on the partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene available in the NCBI database. Genetic analysis showed that seven isolates belonged to class I genotype VII and four belonged to class II genotype II. Interestingly, two isolates had epidemiological connections with vaccine-like class II genotype II. Our findings, concerning the recent outbreaks of class I genotype VII and class II genotype II of NDV in vaccinated commercial flocks, suggest possible potential partial mutations in the fusion protein gene. Genetic diversity and formation of the new cleavage site in an important neutralizing protein of wild strain are linked with the potency of artificial active immunization and a major cause of vaccine failure.

Dietary Lipid Intervention in the Prevention of Brain Aging

As people live longer,the burden of aging-related brain diseases,especially dementia,is increasing.Brain aging increases the risk of cognitive impairment,which manifests as a progressive loss of neuron function caused by the impairment of synaptic plasticity via disrupting lipid homeostasis.Therefore,supplemental dietary lipids have the potential to prevent brain aging.This review summarizes the important roles of dietary lipids in brain function from both structure and mechanism perspectives.Epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence of the functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)in brain health.The results of interventions indicate that phospholipids—including phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylserine,and plasmalogen—are efficient in alleviating cognitive impairment during aging,with plasmalogen exhibiting higher efficacy than phosphatidylserine.Plasmalogen is a recognized nutrient used in clinical trials due to its special vinyl ether bonds and abundance in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons.Future research should determine the dose-dependent effects of plasmalogen in alleviating brain-aging diseases and should develop extraction and storage procedures for its clinical application.

Evaluating Sensitivity to Different Options and Parameterizations of a Coupled Air Quality Modelling System over Bogotá, Colombia. Part I: WRF Model Configuration

Meteorological inputs are of great importance when implementing an air quality prediction system. In this contribution, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model was used to compare the performance of the different cumulus, microphysics and Planet Boundary Layer parameterizations over Bogotá, Colombia. Surface observations were used for comparison and the evaluated meteorological variables include temperature, wind speed and direction and relative humidity. Differences between parameterizations were observed in meteorological variables and Betts-Miller-Janjic, Morrison 2-moment and BouLac schemes proved to be the best parameterizations for cumulus, microphysics and PBL, respectively. As a complement to this study, a WRF-Large Eddy Simulation was conducted in order to evaluate model results with finer horizontal resolution for air quality purposes.

25-hydroxycholecalciferol reverses heat induced alterations in bone quality in finisher broilers associated with effects on intestinal integrity and inflammation

Background:Alterations in ambient temperature have been associated with multiple detrimental effects on broilers such as intestinal barrier disruption and dysbiosis resulting in systemic inflammation.Inflammation and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol(25-OH-D_(3))have shown to play a negative and positive role,respectively,in the regulation of bone mass.Hence the potential of 25-OH-D_(3)in alleviating heat induced bone alterations and its mechanisms was studied.Results:Heat stress(HS)directly induced a decrease in tibia material properties and bone mass,as demonstrated by lower mineral content,and HS caused a notable increase in intestinal permeability.Treatment with dietary 25-OH-D_(3)reversed the HS-induced bone loss and barrier leak.Broilers suffering from HS exhibited dysbiosis and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the ileum and bone marrow,as well as increased osteoclast number and activity.The changes were prevented by dietary 25-OH-D_(3)administration.Specifically,dietary 25-OH-D_(3)addition decreased abundance of B-and T-cells in blood,and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,especially TNF-α,in both the ileum and bone marrow,but did not alter the diversity and population or composition of major bacterial phyla.With regard to bone remodeling,dietary 25-OH-D_(3)supplementation was linked to a decrease in serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen reflecting bone resorption and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression(e.g.cathepsin K),whereas it did not apparently change serum bone formation markers during HS.Conclusions:These data underscore the damage of HS to intestinal integrity and bone health,as well as that dietary 25-OH-D_(3)supplementation was identified as a potential therapy for preventing these adverse effects.

Susceptibility of dairy cows to subacute ruminal acidosis is reflected in both prepartum and postpartum bacteria as well as odd-and branched-chain fatty acids in feces

Background:The transition period is a challenging period for high-producing dairy cattle.Cows in early lactation are considered as a group at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA).Variability in SARA susceptibility in early lactation is hypothesized to be reflected in fecal characteristics such as fecal pH,dry matter content,volatile and odd-and branched-chain fatty acids(VFA and OBCFA,respectively),as well as fecal microbiota.This was investigated with 38 periparturient dairy cows,which were classified into four groups differing in median and mean time of reticular pH below 6 as well as area under the curve of pH below 6.Furthermore,we investigated whether fecal differences were already obvious during a period prior to the SARA risk(prepartum).Results:Variation in reticular pH during a 3-week postpartum period was not associated with differences in fecal pH and VFA concentration.In the postpartum period,the copy number of fecal bacteria and methanogens of unsusceptible(UN)cows was higher than moderately susceptible(MS)or susceptible(SU)cows,while the genera Ruminococcus and Prevotellacea_UCG-001 were proportionally less abundant in UN compared with SU cows.Nevertheless,only a minor reduction was observed in iso-BCFA proportions in fecal fatty acids of SU cows,particularly iso-C15:0and iso-C16:0,compared with UN cows.Consistent with the bacterial changes postpartum,the lower abundance of Ruminococcus was already observed in the prepartum fecal bacterial communities of UN cows,whereas Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 was increased.Nevertheless,no differences were observed in the prepartum fecal VFA or OBCFA profiles among the groups.Prepartum fecal bacterial communities of cows were clustered into two distinct clusters with 70%of the SU cows belonging to cluster 1,in which they represented 60%of the animals.Conclusions:Inter-animal variation in postpartum SARA susceptibility was reflected in post-and prepartum fecal bacterial communities.Differences in prepartum fecal bacterial communities could alert for susceptibility to develop SARA postpartum.Our results generated knowledge on the association between fecal bacteria and SARA development which could be further explored in a prevention strategy.

A UAV-Assisted V2X Network Architecture with Separated Data Transmission and Network Control

With the explosive increasing number of connecting devices such as smart phones, vehicles,drones, and satellites in the wireless networks, how to manage and control such a huge number of networking nodes has become a great challenge. In this paper, we combine the advantages of centralized networks and distributed networks approaches for vehicular networks with the aid of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), and propose a Center-controlled Multihop Wireless(CMW) networking scheme consisting of data transmission plane performed by vehicles and the network control plane implemented by the UAV.Besides, we jointly explore the advantages of Medium Access Control(MAC) protocols in the link layer and routing schemes in the network layer to facilitate the multi-hop data transmission for the ground vehicles.Particularly, the network control plane in the UAV can manage the whole network effectively via fully exploiting the acquired network topology information and traffic requests from each vehicle, and implements various kinds of control based on different traffic demands, which can enhance the networking flexibility and scalability significantly in vehicular networks.Simulation results validate the advantages of the proposed scheme compared with existing methods.

Comparative acetylome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of high fat diet function in allergic disease

Modern technological lifestyles promote allergic diseases,especially food allergies.The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.Protein acetylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications,and it is involved in regulating multiple body metabolic processes.This study aimed to clarify the effects of a high-fat diet(HFD)on allergy risk and the underlying mechanisms.Four-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal fat diet(NFD)or HFD for 24 weeks.Then,serum lipids were measured,and skeletal muscle was collected for acetylome analysis.Compared with the findings in the NFD group,HFD-fed mice were obese and hyperlipidemic.Acetylome analysis also revealed 32 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and NFD groups.Among these,eight acetylated proteins were upregulated in the HFD group.In addition,13 and 11 proteins were acetylated only in the HFD group and NFD group,respectively.These proteins were mainly involved in regulating energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.This study provides information regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HFD promotes allergy.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of the C3/MRC Liquefaction Process

In the natural gas liquefaction process,the mixed refrigerant natural gas liquefaction process is widely used in LNG liquefaction plants because of its advantages of low energy consumption.This paper focuses on the influences of important parameters in the C3/MRC liquefaction process,that is,the comparison between propane precooling temperature and the number of moles of methane in mixed refrigerant,power consumption and loss.In addition,the total process was optimized with the optimizer and manual adjustment in HYSYS software to minimize the total power consumption.The results show that with increasing propane precooling temperature,the propane flow rate is almost unchanged,while the mixed refrigerant flow rate decreases significantly,and the loss of the heat exchanger increases significantly.The power consumption of the propane precooling cycle and hybrid refrigeration cycle increases with increasing methane content in the refrigerant,so the power consumption of the whole process increases accordingly.The effect of the methane content in the mixed refrigerant on the process evaluation index is more significant than that of the propane precooling temperature.

Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the“gut-bone”axis

The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle(after 40 weeks)have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses.Therefore,the effects of fermented calcium(Ca)butyrate,produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum,on production,eggshell quality,and tibial property of hens were explored.A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age.Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each.The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight,ovarian follicle number,and eggshell strength(P=0.072)as compared to the basal diet,which were associated with cytokine secretion,toll-like receptor signaling pathways,and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa.Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration,as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet(both P<0.05).The birds that received fermented Ca butyrate diets exhibited higher villus height(P<0.05)and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins,whereas it did not alter the composition of cecal microbiota(P>0.05).In addition,the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen,a bone resorption marker(P<0.05),whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum.Moreover,the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher(P<0.05)bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia,yield load,and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets.Collectively,dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementation in post-peak layer diets improved the ovarian function and tibia quality,which might be related to enhancing intestinal integrity and consequently decreasing inflammation mediated bone resorption.

Dietary resistant starch alleviates Escherichia coli-induced bone loss in meat ducks by promoting short-chain fatty acid production and inhibiting Malt1/NF-κB inflammasome activation

Background:Escherichia coli(E.coli)infection in humans and animals usually comes with gut dysbiosis,which is potential culprit to skeletal health,it is still unclear to whether diet interfered gut microbiome changes can be a protective strategy to bone loss development.Here,the effects of resistant starch from raw potato starch(RPS),a type of prebiotic,on E.coli-induced bone loss and gut microbial composition in meat ducks were evaluated.Results:The results showed that dietary 12%RPS treatment improved bone quality,depressed bone resorption,and attenuated the pro-inflammatory reaction in both ileum and bone marrow.Meanwhile,the 12%RPS diet also increased the abundance of Firmicutes in E.coli-treated birds,along with higher production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)especially propionate and butyrate.Whereas addition ofβ-acid,an inhibitor of bacterial SCFAs production,to the drinking water of ducks fed 12%RPS diet significantly decreased SCFAs level in cecum content and eliminated RPS-induced tibial mass improvement.Further,treatment with MI-2 to abrogate mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1(Malt1)activity replicated the protective role of dietary 12%RPS in E.coli-induced bone loss including reduced the inhibition on nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)inflammasome activation,decreased bone resorption,and improved bone quality,which were correlated with comparable and higher regulatory T cells(Treg)frequency in MI-2 and 12%RPS group,respectively.Conclusions:These findings suggested that the diet with 12%RPS could alleviate E.coli-induced bone loss in meat ducks by changing the gut microbial composition and promoting concomitant SCFAs production,and consequently inhibiting Malt1/NF-κB inflammasome activation and Treg cells expansion.

Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objective This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods We compared the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and the ASMR to ASIR ratio(MIR)at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index(HDI)in 2012 and 2018.Results The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018,and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018.The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018,and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018.The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018,and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018.HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR(r:−0.8810,P<0.0001,2012;r:−0.8895,P<0.0001,2018).Compared to the 2012 data,the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018.Conclusion The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI.Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

Rapid and efficient characterization of cervical collagen orientation using linearly polarized colposcopic images

Collagen provides tissue strength and structural integrity.Quanti fication of the orientated dispersion of collagen fibers is an important factor when studying the mechanical properties of the cervix.In this study,for the first time,a new method for rapid characterization of the collagen fiber orientations of the cervix using linearly polarized light colposcopy is presented.A total of 24 colposcopic images were captured using a cross-polarized imaging system with white LED light sources.In the preprocessing stage,the Red channel of the RGB image was chosen,which contains no information of the blood vessels because of the low-absorption of blood cells in the red region.OrientationJ,which is an ImageJ plug-in,was used to estimate the local orientation of the collagen fibers.The result shows that in the nonpregnant cervix,the middle zone(Zone 2)has circumferentially aligned collagen fibers while the inner zone(Zone 1)has randomly arranged.The collagen fiber dispersion in Zone 2 is much smaller than that in Zone 1 at all four quadrants region(anterior,posterior,left,and right quadrant).This new analysis technique could potentially combine with diagnostic tools to provide a quantitative platform of collagen fibers in the clinic.

Comparison Study on Sedimentomorphological Characteristics Using Integrated Geo-Techniques: A Case Study of Two Representative Areas in Kuwait

Intensive aeolian processes occur due to the scarcity of rainfall and lack of vegetation cover in arid regions. The study of recent surface sediments in arid areas is important for environmental assessments, evaluation of natural resources, and land use planning. In this study, two areas were chosen as they show changes in lithology, environment and landforms. The two study areas are Al-Rawdatain in the northern part, and Al-Managish in the southern part of Kuwait. The current study aims to define the sedimentomorphic zones in these areas, with an emphasis on Quaternary geomorphological evolution by providing an integrated approach based on satellite images, topographic maps, field measurements, and laboratory analysis. Remote sensing data were spatially analyzed to classify and detect the temporal changes in the surface sediments and geomorphology based on the field measurements (n = 42) as ground truthing points for supervising the classification. Samples from both areas were collected and subjected to grain size (dry mechanical sieving) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The resulting data were statistically analyzed for grain size distributions and mineralogy based on the US standard set of sieves. The study found that the Aeolian sand sheet deposits are the most frequent recent surface deposits in Kuwait and cover most of the other sediments. The direction of movement of the sand sheets is from NW towards SE. The mineralogical composition of the aeolian recent surface sediments revealed that they are mostly derived from the Dibdibba Formation and Tigris-Euphrates fluvial terrace deposits. Quartz is the most frequent component of the studied surface sediments in the study areas (66%). The calcite mineral is also found in subordinate amounts in the study areas (10%).

Towards defining soil quality of Mediterranean calcareous agricultural soils:Reference values and potential core indicator set

To avoid soil degradation,adapt to climate change and comply with the Sustainable Development goals 2030(UN General Assembly),establishing the quality/fertility of the agricultural soils of the Mediterranean region and evaluate how these evolve with time is mandatory.This enables adequate management practices to be implemented.The Mediterranean calcareous region has received little attention in this sense,in spite its soil particularities.So,24 different representative calcareous agricultural soils of the Mediterranean region,including the main management strategies of agricultural soils(rainfed and irrigated),were sampled from the island of Mallorca;and their physical,chemical and biological properties determined.The values obtained for most of the soil characteristics allowed to establish an initial approach to the reference values for the type of calcareous agricultural soils considered,and to clearly distinguish the effect of rainfed or irrigation management practices on soils properties and dynamics.Some enzyme activities were not stimulated by the irrigation conditions assayed or they were only in dry conditions,suggesting optimum enzyme activities could be obtained when alternating dry and humid soil conditions.Soil organic carbon,calcium carbonate and active lime revealed of significant importance in the collection of soils.Finally,the results obtained clearly indicate the heterogeneity of the region and its implications on the different soil characteristics.Therefore,this study could serve as a starting point to adequately establish the quality(fertility)for Mediterranean calcareous agricultural soils and their reference values by conducting further research in this region and including more type of soils.

Enhancement of physicochemical properties and baking quality of broken rice flour through superheated steam

This study investigated the effects of superheated steam(SS)treatment at different temperatures(120℃,150℃,180℃)on the physicochemical properties of broken rice flour and the quality of broken rice cakes.SS treatment at 120℃ significantly enhanced the moisture content of broken rice flour(P<0.05).In contrast,treatments at 150℃ and 180℃ caused decrease of moisture content,amylose leaching,and reduction of damaged starch content.After SS treatment,the pasting properties of broken rice flour increased,along with the rising of storage modulus and loss modulus.The proportion of short chains(DP 6-12)in amylopectin increased from 29.42%to 34.80%(P<0.05),which could delay starch retrogradation.Compared with untreated ones,the SS-150 broken rice cakes showed a significantly higher specific volume(2.96 mL/g,P<0.05),more uniform cell structure,and lower hardness(1.66 N)and chewiness(10.22 mJ).After 7 days of storage,cakes from SS-treated rice flour(150℃ and 180℃)had significantly reduced hardness and chewiness.The study demonstrated that SS treatment could improve the properties of broken rice flour and enhance the quality of broken rice cakes,especially at 150℃ and 180℃.This study presents a method for improving the quality of broken rice flour and rice cakes using superheated steam treatment,addressing challenges related to poor flour characteristics and suboptimal cake quality.The findings offer technical and theoretical support for enhancing rice cake production,contributing to the comprehensive utilization of rice resources.