Palyno-Morphological Study of Allergenic Flora of Samarkand, Uzbekistan

This study set out to look into the palyno-morphological characteristics of specific allergenic species from diverse plant families in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Six different species i.e. Betula pendula, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Magnolia × soulangeana, Pinus brutia var. eldarica, Populus alba, Quercus robur were collected, pressed, identified, and then examined under a microscope. Under light microscope, both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the pollen grains were recorded, including pollen type, pollen size, pollen shape (polar and equatorial view), P/E ratio, mesocolpium distance, exine thickness, colpi type, colpi length, and width. It was found that a warm spring in Uzbekistan causes an early commencement of the vegetative and dusting phases, in contrast to the climatic circumstances of the researched entities’ motherland (cold spring). Studies in aeropalinology and morphology enable the resolution of numerous environmental issues. The findings highlighted the importance of pollen morphology as an identifying aid and showed how the tested species’ palynological characteristics varied. In order to promote future phylogenetic description of the Uzbekistan flora, the current study may help us better understand the palynomorphological traits of native plants. This essay only briefly and inadequately addresses these issues. The information gathered will be used to make an atlas of allergic plants in Samarkand and an electronic warning system for the general public about the spread of pollen from the city’s allergenic plants in the future.

Anti-Ecology of the “Lavon” Lily Variety in Different Growing Conditions of the Samarkand Region, Uzbekistan

Lilies are widely recognized as beautiful and ornamental flowers, renowned throughout the world. They are the most popular perennial plants used in landscape design, commonly found in gardens and boulevards, but in recent years, they have also become increasingly popular as houseplants. Lilies have been known in culture for thousands of years and cultivated as food, medicinal and ornamental plants, decorating palaces and temples. Today, these garden flowers occupy one of the leading places in landscaping due to the variety of forms, aroma and rich flower coloring. The color palette of lilies includes almost all colors and shades, with the exception of blue tones. Lilies are distinguished by a long, plentiful flowering, and you can admire them almost all summer, if you choose the right species and varieties [1]. The British Royal Horticultural Society, in conjunction with state commissions, is actively engaged in testing new varieties of lilies in many countries, with the aim of creating new varieties for international registration. One such cultivar is the “Lavon” lily, which is characterized by early flowering and entomophilous traits. As the timing of flower opening during the day is closely related to the summer dynamics of insect pollinator activity, the “Lavon” lily has the potential to be an important addition to the world of horticulture. For the first time in the conditions of closed and open ground in the city of Samarkand, the morphological features of the flowers of the lily variety “Lavon” and the biology of flowering were studied. The phenology of this variety was revealed and its phenospectrum was compiled.

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe euonymicola on Euonymus japonicum in Uzbekistan

A new powdery mildew fungus named Erysiphe euonymicola was discovered in the mycobiota of Uzbekistan as a result of a mycological study conducted in the city of Samarkand. This fungus was found on the bush Euonymus japonicum and a brief description along with photographs of Erysiphe euonymicola have been provided. Erysiphe euonymicola is a phytopathogenic fungus that infects 80% - 90% of the leaves and young branches of Euonymus japonicum. The first symptoms of the disease are round, weeping spots on the leaves;later the spots form white mycelium over the entire surface of the leaves. When the plant is heavily infected, both sides of the leaves are completely covered with mycelium. The fungus Erysiphe euonymicola, parasitizing Euonymus japonicum, seriously inhibits the development of the host plant. The mycelium of Erysiphe euonymicola is formed on the surface of the leaf of the host plant and is a cluster of hyphae that form a dense covering in the form of a round spot. Conidiophores are erect, unbranched, and of Pseudoidium type, very variable in shape and size. Conidiophores consist of 2 - 3 cylindrical cells growing vertically from the hyphae;the sizes of conidiophores are given relative to the average length and width of selected conidiophores (n = 15). According to scanning electron microscopy, ellipsoidal-cylindrical conidia are single, scattered among conidiophores, ranging in size from 23.97 to 24.51 × 11.5 to 12.47 µm (n = 15). Conidial stalk cells are usually straight or slightly curved, ranging in size from 23.5 to 23.91 × 7.17 to 7.47 µm (n = 15).

Biology of Flowering of Some Species of the Genus Phlomoides Moench

The article presents the biology of flowering and the daily dynamics of flowering of two species from the Lamiaceae family: ph. anisochila va ph. sogdiana of the distribution out in the Nuratau Mountains range.

Trees and Shrubs of Zerafshan State National Reserve, Uzbekistan

The riparian (tugai) forest ecosystems of Central Asia are a biodiversity hotspot with unique many trees and shrubs. Intense human pressure and global warming have caused habitat destruction in Zerafshan State National park and it’s 23.5 ha. There grow more than 300 higher plants. We analysed the wild flora and the remains of the species diversity that previously existed on the site of the forestry enterprise, the modern biodiversity of trees and shrubs in the described territory are represented by 52 species from among representatives of 21 plant families. These monitoring and results indicated that some tree species might in the near future become extinct in the wild. We therefore recommend that the local people be encouraged to stop using these trees.

Bound States of a System of Two Fermions on Invariant Subspace

We consider a Hamiltonian of a system of two fermions on a three-dimensional lattice Z3 with special potential . The corresponding Shrödinger operator H(k) of the system has an invariant subspac L-123(T3) , where we study the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of its restriction H-123(k). Moreover, there are shown that H-123(k1, k2, π) has also infinitely many invariant subspaces , where the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of eigenvalue problem are explicitly found.

Prospects and Problems of Implementation of Recreation Works in Degradated Areas

This article is devoted to work aimed at normalizing the condition of degraded soils in open-pit mines as a result of anthropogenic influences through phytomass. By creating a biological cover from plants, it has been achieved to improve the composition of the soil. Plants such as Datura starmonium, Portuluca oleracea, Caspella bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium vulvaria, Chenopodium album, Plantago lanceolata, Vaccaria hispanica, Vicia angustifolia were used for the research. The effect of micronutrients on plants was studied.

Taxonomic Analysis and Ecological Features of the Algal Flora of the Water Bodies of the West Zarafshan Range

There are a number of reservoirs in the West Zarafshan Range, which have their own water-saturated, hydrographic, soil and ecological features. In this regard, their algoflora is also formed in its own way. As a result of research in this area, 217 species of algae were identified, belonging to 5 divisions, 11 classes, 37 orders, 57 families and 97 genera. The development and distribution of organisms in water is influenced by a number of external factors, such as: temperature, light, mineral and organic substances, active-reactive water environment, gas regime (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide), flow rate, change in water volume, degree transparency and wave formation.

Analysis of the Distribution of Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa ingens. The Importance of Protecting Wild Plants, in Particular Tulips All over the World

The assessment of the distribution and importance of the protection of tulip varieties around the world and separately rare, wild-growing ancestors of cultivated tulips, in particular Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa ingens on the globe, including Central Asia, Uzbekistan and the Samarkand region, was described. A distribution map was introduced to visualize the data. Information about the morphological description of the studied species was also given.

Effect of Microelements (B, Zn) on Cotton Plant’s Productivity, Its Leaf Area and Plant Height

In this article, for the first time applied in our republic, the results of the effect of nano-micro fertilizers on cotton plant are given. The results of the study of the effect of microelements on the leaf area, plant height formation and yield of cotton in the conditions of the gray soil of the Zarafshan Valley are presented. Currently, the demand for ecological and safe food is increasing not only in Uzbekistan, but also in the whole world. The solution to this problem is effective use of land and increasing the amount of macrofertilizers, and after increasing the yield per unit of area, the micronutrients in the soil will decrease more, and less attention was paid to fertilizing with trace elements. This will affect the quality of the product, as well as the decrease in productivity and salinity of the land. Therefore, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly and more economical approaches that do not harm the environment. The best solution for this is to reduce micronutrient deficiency in combination with agrotechnical methods. One of the urgent issues is the development of the technology of applying macro- and micro-fertilizers in the appropriate proportions, convenient terms, norms and methods for the cultivation of high-quality cotton crops under the soil conditions of our republic. The optimal rate of using microelements had a positive effect on the leaf area and dry mass of cotton plants. The highest result was observed when N200P140K100 + KUPRUMHITE + NANOSEREBRO kg/ha was applied with mineral fertilizer.

Flavonoids and Amino Acids Analysis of the Fruits of Cornus mas L. Introduced in Uzbekistan

Cornelian cherry is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry as an ornament, in traditional medicine, and in the manufacture of household items. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to research the chemical composition of these species. In the article, based on our research, the analysis of the quantitative calculation of flavonoids and amino acids of the fruits of the “Elegant” and “Svetlyachok” cherry varieties was carried out. It was found that the amount of amino acids in the fruits of Cornus mas L., introduced in Uzbekistan, is higher in the variety “Svetlyachok” 2.643235 mg/g. In “Elegant” variety it was 1.794235 mg/g. The amount of 4 different flavonoids in the fruit was also determined. It has been established that the Elegant variety has a high concentration of lutein and rutin, and the svetlyachok has a high concentration of apigenin and quercetin.

On the Theory of Fractional Order Differential Games of Pursuit

This article is devoted to studying of the problem of prosecution described by differential equations of a fractional order. It has received sufficient conditions of a possibility of completion of prosecution for such operated systems.

The Ontogenesis and Ontogenetic Structure of Lagochilus proskorjakovii Ikram (Lamiaceae) Coenopopulations in Nuratau Mountain Range (Uzbekistan)

Lagochilus proskorjakovii Ikram is a strict endemic in Nuratau ridge (north-western spurs of the mountain range of the Pamir-Alai). It grows as a part of Amygdalus bucharica and Perovskia scrophulariifolia formation, where the total projective cover of grass does not exceed 20%. In natural conditions growth, ontogeny of L. proskorjakovii is simple and complete. The duration of ontogenesis in the condition of Nuratau is no more than 22 - 23 years. Studied coenopopulations are normal, but are not complete. Coenopopulation self-maintenance is carried out by the seed of renewal. The characteristic spectrum of coenopopulation centered, with a peak in the middle-generative individuals. In most cases, specific developmental spectrum of coenopopulation coincides with the characteristic ones. The absence or small proportion of the young fraction in surveyed of coenopopulation is related to the elimination of young fragile individuals. According to the classification of “delta-omega”, the most of coenopopulations are maturing which confirms the positive state of coenopopulation demography. Studied the ontogeny and structure of adult endemic Nuratau established that the species belongs to caudexum shrubs, perennial that forms the axis of the short multicipital caudex. Buds renewal is at a height of 2 - 3 cm above the substrate. Investigated coenopopulations L. proskorjakovii are successiveness conditions. In addition to the Artemisia juncea + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Ferula ovina + Stipa hohenackeriana community 1st coenopopulation (CP) mature;the 2nd CP is mature which was a part of the Amygdalus bucharica + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Prangos pobularia + Bromus scoparius community;3rd CP is maturing being a part of Lonicera nummulariifolia + Perovskia scrophulariifolia + Hypericum scabrum + Bromus danthoniae community and the 4th CP is mature which occurred in Amygdalus bucharica + Ferula varia + Acroptilon repens + Taeniatherum crinitum plant community.

Monitoring Vegetation Coverage and Biomass Using Landsat Thematic Mapper 5 Images in a Foothill Artemisia-Ephemeral Rangeland of Uzbekistan

This paper describes the capability of remote sensing in the monitoring of rangeland vegetation productivities and dynamics in the foothill areas of Uzbekistan, in order to enhance the sustainable utilization of natural resources. Seasonal productivity, including above-ground biomass, density, coverage, foliar chlorophyll, and carotene content, was measured for the Artemisia diffusa, the dominant species of the study area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), extracted from time-series Landsat TM5 satellite images, was used to obtain pertinent data regarding vegetation coverage and potential productivities. Seasonal precipitation was found to be a key factor in governing soil moisture in the semi-arid foothill rangelands, which directly influence the dynamics of plants and productivities. Precipitation and soil moisture determine the length of the plant growing season and further influence NDVI values. We found that time-series NDVI was significantly correlated with the seasonal green and total above-ground biomass of vegetation and coverage of Artemisia diffusa, soil moisture, and changeable nitrogen. We also found that the foliar chlorophylls of Artemisia diffusa was significantly correlated with the green above-ground biomass (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). The results can contribute to further monitoring of ecosystem health and habitat conditions using remote sensing (RS) as an accurate tool in large rangeland areas.

Study of Species <i>Lycium</i>L. of Rangeland Ecosystems of Uzbekistan in the Arid Zone Conditions

The article presents the features of biology and ecology, growth and development of various Lycium L. species in different ecological conditions of Uzbekistan. The distribution area covers mainly semi-desert and desert zones of Uzbekistan and the description of co-growing coenoses is presented. Based on the study of ecological and biological properties and economically valuable characteristics of Lycium L. species, ecologically significant species were selected as a source material for introduction into culture and use in pharmacology. Useful properties and harms are presented.

Ecological Groups and Fauna of the Two Sub Species Mollusks in the Bank of Amu Darya

A brief information about two subspecies mollusks in the bank of Amu Darya river is collected according to the experience. As a result, we identified 9 types and 2 small types of two sub species mollusks live in Amu Darya river. Sinanodonta gibba, Sinanodonta orbicularis and Sinanodonta puerorum types for fauna were shown for the first time from the river.

The Negative Effect of Heavy Metal Salts on the Body of Mammal Animals

The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.

Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Vegetative and Generative Organs of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., 1841

High concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As, Cd) were found in the vegetative and generative organs of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., 1841) in industrial production zones and along transport routes in Samarkand, Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The obtained results confirm the potential of using this plant for phytoremediation purposes.

Taxonomy and Ecology of the Lichens of the Ohaliksai River Basin

The article presents information about the taxonomy and ecology of lichens in the Ohaliksai River basin. According to the conducted studies, 11 families of the Lecanoromycetes class (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoraceae, Ramalinaceae, Megasporaceae, Physciaceae, Teloschistaceae, Peltigeraceae, Collemataceae, Candelariaceae, Umbilicariaceae, Physciaceae), 1 family of the Eurotiomycetes class (Verrucariaceae) and 1 family Lichinaceae of the class Lichinomycetes were identified, 18 groups and 23 species were noted as widespread. The taxonomic analysis and ecological characteristics of the identified species are presented.

Differential Games of Persecution of Frozen Order with Separate Dynamics

This article is devoted to obtaining sufficient conditions for the completion of pursuit for control systems of fractional order described with divided dynamics. The results are illustrated on model examples of gaming problems with a simple matrix and separated fractional-order motions.