The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate change.The Silk Road Economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism development.Based on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Further,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction Model.The results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study period.Furthermore,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest region.From the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external disturbances.The coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of coordination.There is a certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest region.During the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

Socio-Economic Inequalities in Oral Health: The Case of Greece

Background: The literature on the socioeconomic determinants of oral health inequalities is rather limited. Since oral health is an integral part of general health, the investigation of oral and general health inequalities becomes an important research topic. The recent economic crisis has aggravated the level of general and oral health in Greece and evidence on inequalities is interesting for policy guidelines. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to measure the magnitude of self reported oral health inequalities in relation to certain demographic and socio-economic indicators such as gender, age, education and income status. Methods: We launched a cross-sectional survey across urban and rural population in Greece and we selected a random sample of 1500 individuals consisting of three age groups: 15 - 18 years, 35 - 45 years, and 65 to 74 years old. Self-reported general and oral health were both recorded and analyzed by means of an ordinal scale ranging from 0 = worse health to 100 = perfect health. Likert-type of scale questions were further used to capture self assessments of oral health. Dental Inequalities were assessed with reference to the following socio-economic variables: age, education, and income levels. Results: Statistically significant oral health inequalities were identified among the socio-economic groups in Greece. Lower levels of oral health were associated with those confronting financial difficulties, the aged and the less educated. The Gini Coefficient for Oral Health Goral = 0.344 (s.d. = 0.0033) was higher in comparison to general health Ggeneral = 0.289 (s.d. = 0.0016) indicating the need for public health intervention in the area of oral health. Conclusions: The paper demonstrates the significance of socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in Greece.

Economic Effects of China’s Import Expansion Strategy

Since 2018,China has enacted a string of policy initiatives to increase imports.To quantify this import expansion strategy’s economic effects,we created a large numerical general equilibrium model and quantitatively simulated the economic effects of the reductions of tariff and non-tariff barriers on China and other economies.Our simulation results show that overall,China’s import expansion strategy benefited both itself and others and contributed to employment,welfare,and trade growth in China and the rest of the world.In relative terms,however,China’s import expansion strategy benefited other countries more than it did itself and contributed more to the growth of the world economy.Additionally,the import expansion strategy may effectively promote China’s trade balance,and the trade equilibrium effect driven by the reduction of non-tariff barriers is more significant than that of tariff barriers.Furthermore,regarding the self-benefiting effects of import expansion,the effects of nontariff measures are significantly greater than those of tariff measures,and this result has policy implications for China’s import expansion strategy going forward.

Coordination game model of co-opetition relationship on cluster supply chains

The research of cluster supply chains is a new direction and a hotspot of the industrial cluster theory. On the condition of the coordination game, the enterprises may be stuck on the non-efficient equilibrium status, which becomes an important problem that must be considered on cluster supply chains. A symmetrical coordination game model is constituted to describe the competition and cooperation relationship of the same-quality manufacturers on cluster supply chains. The methods of the non-cooperation game theory and the evolutionary game theory are respectively used to analyze the model, whose parameters＇ influences under each method are then compared. It can be concluded that the analysis of the evolutionary game theory is more realistic and practical. Finally, three approaches are considered to break away from being path-dependence locked-in non-efficient status during this coordination game evolutionary process, which provide the development of cluster supply chains with an effective forecasting and Pareto optimizing method.

Multi-criteria group decision making with fuzzy data:an extension of the VIKOR method

The VIKOR method is a multi-criteria decision making aid, which employs linear normalization to offer compromise solu- tions and has been successfully applied to various group decision making problems. However, the conventional VIKOR techniques used to integrate group judgments and the information loss arising from defuzzification are problematic and distort final outcomes. An improved integration method, which is optimization-based, is proposed. And it can handle fuzzy criteria values and weights. The precondition for accurately defuzzifying triangular fuzzy num- bers is identified. Several effective defuzzification procedures are proposed to improve the extant VIKOR, and a comprehensive evaluation framework is offered to aid multi-criteria group decision making. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicability of the proposed method.

ALL MEROMORPHIC SOLUTIONS OF AN AUXILIARY ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In this paper, we first employ the complex method to deritive all meromorphic solutions of an auxiliary ordinary differential equation, and then find all meromorphic exact solutions of the modified ZK equation, modified KdV equation, nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and modified BBM equation. Our work shows that there exist some classes of rational solutions wr,2 （z） and simple periodic solutions ws,1 （z） which are new and are not degenerated successively to by the elliptic function solutions.

Land Use Evolution of Rural Settlements Based on Landscape Ecology and Analysis of Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Panshi City, Jilin City of China

GIS spatial analysis and quantitative analysis of landscape indexes were applied to analyze land use features and influence factors of rural settlements in Panshi City, Jilin Province in view of the comprehensive regional environment. The results showed that (A) Rural settlements are mostly scattered, and concentrated in small groups, showing the co-existence and disorderly expansion of modern and traditional development features; (B) Layouts of rural settlements are closely related to agricultural production; (C) Rural settlements are mostly distributed in the linear patterns along rivers and in the ring patterns around reservoirs; (D) Distribution of rural settlements gradually expands to the neighboring areas of traffic arteries. Against the macro background of urbanization, studying the intensive utilization of rural settlements is a fundamental approach of relieving restriction of land elements, and also an important approach of promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, optimizing industrial structure and accelerating regional urbanization.

Research on the Adaptability of Textile Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Based on ANP

In this paper, the mathematical model is introduced to make quantitative research into the microcosmic level. The adaptive measure model of textile intangible cultural heritage protection based on ANP is constructed and the adaptability of the protection is scientifically judged. The paper uses the super decisions to calculate the index weight and divide the rating standard, and selects the protection path according to the evaluation result. Then it can realize the dynamic adjustment of the textile intangible cultural heritage protection path and improve the effectiveness of the protection.

Investment risk evaluation of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO

The investment risk management of the existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO cannot be separated from the scientific risk measurement and evaluation. The investment risk assessment is the basis of investment decision and project implementation. Based on the content analysis and balance of evaluation principle of investment risk evaluation on the existing building energy-saving renovation project, we set up three levels of existing building energy-saving renovation project investment risk evaluation index system, use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quantitative process, get the scientific assessment of the investment risk of existing building energy-saving renovation project, and support the investment risk response strategy and control measures of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Sichuan Province Logistics Ability Based On Principal Component Analysis

Regional economy is the foundation for the development of the regional logistics and regional logistics as the support of the regional economic development, both interdependence, coordinated development, become the important factor of regional economic sus-tained and rapid development. This article selects relevant statistical data from 2002 to 2011 in Sichuan province were analyzed, and the quantitative mathematical model was established based on principal component analysis （pca）, and through the model for comprehensive evaluation of regional logistics caoability of Sichuan orovince.

Transformation and influencing factors of scholarly communication based on knowledge transfer: A case study of science and technology literature

Purpose: The process of scientific literature use can be regarded as that of knowledge transfer. With the help of the knowledge transfer theory and data from scientific literature databases, we explored the behavior of scientific researchers during their scholarly communication, and studied the factors that influenced the behavior of researchers under network environment. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the literature databases of CNKI, Elsevier Science Direct and Springer Link, we used the knowledge transfer theory to construct a model for describing the scholarly communication process, which attempts to find out factors that may influence the communication behavior of researchers. With a focus laid on the absorption behavior of researchers during the knowledge acceptance process, we defined the independent variables of the model and proposed hypotheses on the basis of a comprehensive literature study. Afterwards, college students were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey, which was designed to prove our research model and hypotheses.Findings: Our results showed that during the scholarly communication, it is not the professional knowledge, but the ability and willingness for knowledge acceptance, organizations’ importance and internal atmosphere as well as knowledge authority and relevance that have played a positive significant role in the knowledge transfer performance. In addition, our distance indicators showed that knowledge distance and knowledge transfer performance have significant negative correlations. Research limitations: This study is mainly based on a questionnaire survey of college students, which may limit the generalization of our research results. In addition, more resource types need be considered for further studies.Practical implications: Under network environment, scholarly communication performance based on knowledge transfer theory could greatly contribute to the enrichment of the contentof the knowledge transfer theory, and stretch out the range of the field. In addition, our result could help commercial scientific database providers to learn more about the users’ needs, which would not only benefit both scientific communities and content providers, but also promote scholarly communication effectively. Originality/value: Compared with existing researches which mainly emphasized the model construction of scholarly communication, our study focused the knowledge relevance during the scholarly communication and influence factors that impacted on the performance of knowledge acceptance under the network environment, which could provide helpful guides for further studies.

An approach to grading coalbed methane resources in China for the purpose of implementing a differential production subsidy

The heterogeneity of coalbed methane(CBM) resources was not taken into account when the current indiscriminate subsidy policy was developed. In it, limited subsidy funds are given first to high-quality resources and even to subsidize profitable projects. Thus, the policy has had less than the intended effect in improving CBM production. To implement a new type of differential subsidy, it is necessary to grade the CBM resources, as will be discussed in this paper. After the factors affecting the resources value are systemically examined, sorted and merged, the relationship between the key factors and economic value is analyzed by an engineering economics method, and the production profile type, peak production(or stable production) and buried depth are used as grading factors. The production profile type is used to categorize, and peak production and buried depth are used to grade resources within the same category. The grading method is as follows: use subsidy levels at the economic critical point(NPV = 0) to identify the grades of resources, and determine the combination of peak production and buried depth for different resources grades base on indifference curves drawn according to the relationship between the economic value and peak production and buried depth.

N-Soliton Solution of a Generalized Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV Equation and Its Reduction

Based on the Hirota method and the perturbation technique, the N-soliton solution of a generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equation is obtained. Further, the N-soliton solution of a complex coupled KdV equation is given by reducing.

A New Thinking of the Objects Served Relationship Management in Complex System

Take a digital libraries＇ service system for example, Objects Served Relationship Management （OSRM） in complex systems is proposed firstly as a new concept, and its connotation is explained. The significances and constructions of OSRM are analyzed. Both the fundamental facts and the important natures that the things which are interested by Objects Served （OS） （e. g. publishers and readers） and the server （e. g. digital libraries are the servers of publishers and readers） will not be the same completely although there are a lot of common benefits between OS and servers, are indeed clarified. The valuable information,which should be used by OS and their server, is often hidden behind them. Thus, how to find, manage and control the relationship among OS and their servers is very necessary and important for the common benefits among all of them.（e. g. the three dimensions of OSRM in digital library system and its overall framwork are proposed. The different strategies to different cases in the digital library＇s multidimensional framework are analyzed.）

Extending Instrumental Variable Method for Effective Economic Modelling

Economic modeling that yields practical value must cater for effects caused by exogenous variables. AutoRegressive eXogenous approach (ARX) has been widely used in regional economic studies. Instrumental Variable Method is regarded as a preferential method to parametric estimation in ARX modeling. However, traditional instrumental variable methods can only handle single variable which has limited its capability. This paper presents an extended instrumental variable method (EIVM) which is based on multiple variables. This provides the capability of taking into account of exogenous variables and reflects better the economic activities. A case study is conducted, which illustrates the application of the EIVM in modeling Northeastern economy in China.

Pricing Study on Two Kinds of Power Options in Jump-Diffusion Models with Fractional Brownian Motion and Stochastic Rate

In this paper, under the assumption that the exchange rate follows the extended Vasicek model, the pricing of the reset option in FBM model is investigated. Some interesting themes such as closed-form formulas for the reset option with a single reset date and the phenomena of delta of the reset jumps existing in the reset option during the reset date are discussed. The closed-form formulae of pricing for two kinds of power options are derived in the end.

Effects of Pilot Programs for China's Central SOE Board of Directors

Since June 2004, the State-Owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission(SASAC) has launched pilot programs for a board of directors(BoD) for central SOEs to establish and improve their governance structure and standardize their exercise of shareholder rights over state-owned listed companies. Based on this quasinatural experiment, this paper examines the BoD's effects on the agency cost of state-owned listed companies and their economic consequences. Using data of central SOE-controlled companies listed at Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges during 2002-2015, this paper finds that the pilot programs significantly reduced the two types of agency costs for the companies, and such effects primarily existed for listed companies with smaller central SOE shareholding ratios. Further test uncovers that, compared with central SOEs that did not carry out the pilot programs, those that did reported higher economic value-added and stock returns. Our conclusions offer a new interpretation of the BoD's governance effects from a controlling shareholder's perspective, and provide empirical evidence for the positive effects of the pilot programs for central SOE boards of directors. These findings have important policy implications for deepening SOE governance reforms.

How Load Aggregators Avoid Risks in Spot Electricity Market:In the Framework of Power Consumption Right Option Contracts

There is uncertainty in the electricity price of spot electricity market,which makes load aggregators undertake price risks for their agent users.In order to allow load aggregators to reduce the spot market price risk,scholars have proposed many solutions,such as improving the declaration decision-making model,signing power mutual insurance contracts,and adding energy storage and mobilizing demand-side resources to respond.In terms of demand side,calling flexible demand-side resources can be considered as a key solution.The user’s power consumption rights(PCRs)are core contents of the demand-side resources.However,there have been few studies on the pricing of PCR contracts and transaction decisions to solve the problem of price forecast deviation and to manage the uncertainty of spot market prices.In addition,in traditional PCR contracts,PCRs are mostly priced using a single price mechanism,that is,the power user is compensated for part of the electricity that was interrupted or reduced in power supply.However,some power users might engage in speculative behaviours under this mechanism.Further,for load aggregators,their price risk avoidance ability has not substantially improved.As a financial derivative,options can solve the above problems.In this article,firstly,the option method is used to build an option pricing optimization model for power consumption right contracts that can calculate the optimal option premium and strike price of option contracts of power consumption rights.Secondly,from the perspective of power users and load aggregators,a simulation model of power consumption right transaction decision-making is constructed.The results of calculation examples show that(1)Under the model in this article,the pricing of option contracts for power consumption rights with better risk aversion capabilities than traditional compensation contracts can be obtained.(2)The decision to sell or purchase the power consumption rights will converge at respective highvalue periods,and option contracts will expedite the process.(3)Option contracts can significantly reduce the loss caused by the uncertainty of spot electricity prices for load aggregators without reducing users’willingness to sell power consumption rights.

The Performance of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and its Future Path for Sustainable Development

The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area has contributed to the deepening of economic ties and cooperation across all fields,but it has also generated certain problems.In order to achieve a sustainable development in the future,deepened economic ties featuring mutual benefits are required.The basic approach is to form a system of vertical division through an industrial value chain dominated by the free trade area.This will help build China into a more powerful final product market and boost regional economic integration.