Frequency of presenting visual acuity and visual impairment in Chinese college students

AIM:To obtain the baseline data on presenting visual acuity(PVA)and evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA in 9070 Chinese college students.METHODS:The freshmen at a university in southern China,including 6527 undergraduate students and 2543 graduate students,were investigated for some sociodemographic characteristics and underwent routine medical examination,including measuring PVA,height,and weight.Visual impairment was defined according to the new World Health Organization criteria for blindness and visual impairment.RESULTS:In 9070 college students,the mean PVA in the better eye was 0.094±0.163 log MAR.The prevalence of visual impairment based on PVA was 2.7%.Only 38.3%college students had normal visual acuity[PVA equal to 0 log MAR(20/20)in both eyes].There were 69.8%of students wearing spectacles.Logistic regression showed that home region(non-Guangdong provinces,P<0.0001,OR=1.70)was risk factor for visual impairment while BMI(P=0.001,OR=0.92)was protective factor from visual impairment.Ethnicity(Han Chinese,P<0.0001,OR=3.17)was risk factor for wearing spectacles while age(P=0.01,OR=0.90)was protective factor from wearing spectacles.CONCLUSION:This study provides the baseline data on PVA and the prevalence of visual impairment in Chinese college students.Our analyses reveal that BMI and home region are associated factors for visual impairment based on PVA,while age and ethnicity are associated factors for wearing spectacles.

Short-term effects of intravitreal Conbercept injection combined with laser photocoagulation on macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion

AIM:To observe changes in the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and central choroidal thickness(CCT)of patients with macular edema(ME)secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion(i RVO)following intravitreal Conbercept injection.METHODS:This retrospective study included 33 eyes from 33 patients who received intravitreal injections of Conbercept for ME secondary to i RVO.Treatments were performed on a 3+pro re nata(3+PRN)basis.All of the patients were examined by fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography at the first visit.Laser photocoagulation was performed in the nonperfusion area of the retina of all eyes after the first injection.BCVA,CMT,and CCT were observed before and after 6 mo of treatment.The number of injections necessary to achieve improved vision was also noted.RESULTS:Following Conbercept treatment,the mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.81±0.39 at baseline to 0.41±0.25 and 0.43±0.29 log MAR in the third and sixth months,respectively(both P=0.000).The CMT of the patients at baseline was 556.75±98.57μm;304.78±68.53 and 306.85±76.77μm 3 and 6 mo after treatment,respectively(both P=0.000 vs baseline).The CCTs of the patients at baseline,3 and 6 mo after treatment were 304.63±57.83,271.31±45.53,and 272.29±39.93μm,respectively(P=0.026 and 0.035 vs baseline).No severe adverse event relevant to the therapy was noted,and the average number of injections delivered was 3.35.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal Conbercept injection combined with laser photocoagulation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for ME secondary to i RVO in the short-term.

Melanin change of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in the convalescent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

AIM:To observe the melanin change of the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and choroid in the convalescent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH).METHODS:A retrospective study was performed on 40 eyes of 20 patients in the convalescent stage of VKH.Fundus photography(FP),multi-spectral imaging(MSI),and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were performed.RESULTS:In the VKH convalescent stage,focal RPE melanin accumulation(FRMA)was detected in 34 eyes(85%)on MSI and in 7 eyes(17.5%)on FP.FRMA was limited to the previous retinal detachment area in all 28 eyes(FRMA was detected in 34 eyes on MSI,which were enrolled,and 6 eyes lacked data in the acute stage).Sunset-glow fundus was detected in 20 eyes(50%)on FP.The mean density of FRMA in a 1-mm-diameter circular area of the fovea was 0.04±0.07 on MSI,which was significantly correlated with sunset-glow fundus(ρ=0.467,P=0.02).CONCLUSION:In the VKH convalescent stage,FRMA is derived from the RPE melanin change,and sunset-glow fundus is derived from the choroid melanin change.A higher density of FRMA in the fovea and sunset-glow fundus represents more serious depigmentation of melanin.

Cytotoxic effect of specific T cells from mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis on murine photoreceptor cells

AIM:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of specific T cells from mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU)as well as their secreted interferon(IFN)-γand interleukin(IL)-17A on murine photoreceptor(661 W)cells.METHODS:An EAU model was established in female mice by injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein(IRBP)emulsion supplemented with complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB).On day 12 after induction of EAU,specific T cells from spleen and lymph node tissues were isolated and cultured for 4 d and the levels of IFN-γand IL-17A in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs).T cells and their supernatants were added to 661 W cells to observe the alteration of cell morphology;IFN-γand IL-17A were separately added to 661 W cells to observe the effect of IFN-γand IL-17A on cell proliferation.RESULTS:The levels of IFN-γand IL-17A in the T cell supernatants were 1568.64±38.79 pg/m L and 1456.57±46.98 pg/mL,respectively.The supernatants apparently inhibited 661 W cell proliferation(P<0.05).T cells could also attach to the surface of 661 W cells,and IFN-γshowed a more serious cytotoxic effect on 661 W cells than IL-17A,inhibiting cell proliferation(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:IFN-γand IL-17A from T cells of EAU mice model can exert cytotoxic effects on murine photoreceptor cell proliferation,and IFN-γshows more serious cytotoxic effects on murine photoreceptor cells than IL-17A.

Postoperative pneumocranium after endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression

Dear Editor,We present the first time,a case of a patient developed cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leak and pneumocranium following optic canal decompression(OCD).INTRODUCTION Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON)impairs visual functions and quality of life.Endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression(ETOCD)is one of the standard treatment strategies for the ITON.During the ETOCD,the optic nerve sheath are usually incised for sufficient decompression of optic nerve after removal of optic canal,which is associated with complications like CSF leakage,ophthalmic artery injury,and optic nerve injury[1].Generally,the mild CSF leak is common and can heal spontaneously using conventional treatment,the severe CSF leak requires surgical repair[2].

Mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucomatous degeneration

Glaucoma is a kind of optic neuropathy mainly manifested in the permanent death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),atrophy of the optic nerve,and loss of visual ability.The main risk factors for glaucoma consist of the pathological elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP)and aging.Although the mechanism of glaucoma remains an open question,a theory related to mitochondrial dysfunction has been emerging in the last decade.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)from the mitochondrial respiratory chain are abnormally produced as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction.Oxidative stress takes place when the cellular antioxidant system fails to remove excessive ROS promptly.Meanwhile,more and more studies show that there are other common features of mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma,including damage of mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA),defective mitochondrial quality control,ATP reduction,and other cellular changes,which are worth summarizing and further exploring.The purpose of this review is to explore mitochondrial dysfunction in the mechanism of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.Based on the mechanism,the existing therapeutic options are summarized,including medications,gene therapy,and red-light therapy,which are promising to provide feasible neuroprotective ideas for the treatment of glaucoma.

A new bleb-independent surgery namely penetrating canaloplasty for corticosteroid-induced glaucoma: a prospective case series

AIM: To report the outcomes of penetrating canaloplasty for corticosteroid-induced glaucoma in a case series.METHODS: Penetrating canaloplasty is a blebindependent filtering surger y unifying canaloplasty and trabeculectomy. In this study, the surger y was performed to restore the natural outflow through surgically expanded Schlemm’s canal and generated trabeculum ostium. A total of 10 eyes of 8 patients were treated with penetrating canaloplasty for corticosteroid-induced glaucoma. Intraocular pressure(IOP) and the number of glaucoma medications at postoperative 3, 6, 12, 18, 24,36, and 48mo were documented as primary endpoint.Complications after the surgery were recorded as secondary endpoint.RESULTS: Penetrating canaloplasty was accomplished successfully for all 10 eyes, with a mean follow-up of 20.4±13.0mo(range 6-48mo). The mean preoperative IOP and number of anti-glaucoma medications were 45.1±6.5 mm Hg and 3.3±0.5 respectively. The mean post-operative IOP at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48mo were 15.8±6.0, 14.7±3.3,15.3±2.0, 15.6±2.6, 17.5±1.8, 16.5±4.9, and 14.0 mm Hg.The number of anti-glaucoma medications at these time points were all 0. This surgery failed to control the IOP in 1 eye at 1mo after surgery. Hyphaema occurred in 3 eyes on the first day after surgery. Postoperative transient IOP increasing was encountered with in two eyes from 1wk to 1mo after surgery. Choroidal detachment developed in one eye but responded well to conservative treatment.CONCLUSION: Penetrating canaloplasty is effective for corticosteroid-induced glaucoma without serious complications, making it a viable or preferred alternative option.

Combination therapy to overcome ferroptosis resistance by biomimetic self-assembly nano-prodrug

Ferroptosis has emerged as a potent form of no-apoptotic cell death that offers a promising alternative to avoid the chemoresistance of apoptotic pathways and serves as a vulnerability of cancer.Herein,we have constructed a biomimetic self-assembly nano-prodrug system that enables the co-delivery of gefitinib(Gefi),ferrocene(Fc)and dihydroartemisinin(DHA)for the combined therapy of both ferroptosis and apoptosis.In the tumor microenvironment,this nano-prodrug is able to disassemble and trigger drug release under high levels of GSH.Interestingly,the released DHA can downregulate GPX4 level for the enhancement of intracellular ferroptosis from Fc,further executing tumor cell death with concomitant chemotherapy by Gefi.More importantly,this nano-prodrug provides highly homologous targeting ability by coating related cell membranes and exhibits outstanding inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis,as well as no noticeable side-effects during treatments.This simple small molecular self-assembled nano-prodrug provides a new reasonably designed modality for ferroptosis-combined chemotherapy.

Association between Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Northeastern Chinese Population

Objective To evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy(DR) and mean ocular perfusion pressure(MOPP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM).Methods Patients from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study(FS-DIRECT), a communitybased prospective cohort study conducted in northeast China, were included in this study. The presence and severity of DR were determined by grading fundus photographs according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS) retinopathy scale. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SBP and DBP) were recorded using an electronic sphygmomanometer. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured using an iCare rebound tonometer. MOPP was calculated using the formula MOPP = 2/3 [DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)]-IOP.Results In total, 1,857 patients who had gradable fundus photography and MOPP data were enrolled in this study. Male patients had a higher MOPP than female patients(52.25 ± 8.75 vs. 50.96 ± 8.74 mmHg, P = 0.002). Overall, both male and female patients with any type of DR, non-proliferative DR(NPDR), or non-sight-threatening DR(non-STDR) had significantly higher MOPP relative to patients without DR. Increased MOPP(per 1 mmHg) was in turn associated with the presence of any type of DR[odds ratio(OR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval(CI) : 1.02–1.04], NPDR(OR = 1.03 95% CI: 1.02–1.04),and non-STDR(OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04) after adjusting for confounders. Increased MOPP(per 1 mmHg) was also associated with an increased likelihood of macular edema(OR = 1.02, 95% CI:1.01–1.04).Conclusions The results suggest that increased MOPP was associated with DR and macular edema in northeastern Chinese patients with T2 DM.

Augmented cellular uptake and homologous targeting of exosome-based drug loaded IOL for posterior capsular opacification prevention and biosafety improvement

Posterior capsular opacification(PCO),the most common complication after cataract surgery,is caused by the proliferation,migration and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells(LECs)on the surface of the intraocular lens(IOL).Although drug-loaded IOLs have been successfully developed,the PCO prevention efficacy is still limited due to the lack of targeting and low bioavailability.In this investigation,an exosome-functionalized drug-loaded IOL was successfully developed for effective PCO prevention utilizing the homologous targeting and high biocompatibility of exosome.The exosomes derived from LECs were collected to load the anti-proliferative drug doxorubicin(Dox)through electroporation and then immobilized on the aminated IOLs surface through electrostatic interaction.In vitro experiments showed that significantly improved cellular uptake of Dox@Exos by LECs was achieved due to the targeting ability of exosome,compared with free Dox,thus resulting in superior anti-proliferation effect.In vivo animal investigations indicated that Dox@Exos-IOLs effectively inhibited the development of PCO and showed excellent intraocular biocompatibility.We believe that this work will provide a targeting strategy for PCO prevention through exosome-functionalized IOL.

Reversible grafting of antibiotics onto contact lens mediated by labile chemical bonds for smart prevention and treatment of corneal bacterial infections

Eye trauma, decreased immunity, and contact lens wear often cause serious bacterial infections and irreversible corneal damage. To realize the responsive release of antibiotics such as gentamicin sulfate(GS), a novel antibacterial contact lens was constructed through self-assembly of antibiotics loaded ADAGS/PEI(polyethyleneimine) multilayer films on the surface. Both in vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests demonstrated high efficient and fast antibacterial property based on the smart responsive to bacterial infections and reversible drug loading and release.

Construction of triblock copolymer-gold nanorod composites for fluorescence resonance energy transfer via pH-sensitive allosteric

To explore the effects of microenvironmental adjustments on fluorescence,a pH-sensitive nanocomposite system based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)was constructed.The model system included a modified triblock copolymer(polyhistidine-b-polyethylene glycol-b-polycaprolactone)and gold nanoparticles.A near-infrared dye was used as the donor,and spectrally matched gold nanorods,attached after C-terminus modification with α-lipoic acid,were used as the receptor to realize control of the FRET effect over the fluorescence intensity for two polymer configurational changes(i.e.,"folded"and"stretched"states)in response to pH.After synthesis and characterization,we investigated the self-assembly behavior of the system.Analysis by quartz crystal microbalance revealed the pH sensitivity of the polymer,which exhibited"folding"and"stretching"states with changes in pH,providing a structural basis for the FRET effect.Fluorescence spectrophotometry investigations also revealed the regulatory impact of the assembled system on fluorescence.

Therapeutic sponge prevents postoperative breast cancer recurrence by sustainably dissociating into CD44-targeted nanoplatform

Locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis of breast cancer still pose a significant risk for patients’survival.To address the clinical challenge,functional absorbable sponges(HA-SH/PP-Dox/Lap/COL I(HCNPs))were constructed by biomimetic extracellular matrix of collagen I/hyaluronic acid complex conjugated with doxorubicin/lapatinib(Dox/Lap)-loaded nanoparticles.The HCNPs sponge exhibited excellent clotting ability and blood absorption rate.Worthily,Dox/Lap-loaded nanoparticles were synchronously endowed with a large number of oligo hyaluronic acid segments after degradation,which thus enhanced the ability of targeting into CD44-overexpressed tumor cells.The implantable HCNPs sponge in resected cavity of postoperative 4T1 models inhibited the spread of scattered tumor cells by absorbing the inevitable bleeding.More importantly,CD44 targeted nanoparticle with suitable Dox/Lap proportion continuously released from sponge to kill tumor cells of surrounding HCNPs and those remaining at surgical margin,thus prevented local recurrence as well as distant metastasis.Therefore,the functional HCNPs sponge might provide a safer and more effective strategy for postoperative treatment of cancer.

Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents

The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic.However,the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored.In our research,we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV,identifying cross-reactive CD8^(+)T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays.Then,in vitro refolding and circular dichroism were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the HLA/peptide complexes.Lastly,single-cell T cell receptor reservoir was analyzed based on tetramer staining.Here,we discovered that cross-reactive T cells targeting SARS-CoV were present in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19,and identified SARS-CoV-2 CD8^(+)T cell epitopes spanning the major structural antigens.T cell responses induced by the nonconserved peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were higher and played a dominant role in the cross-reactivity in COVID-19 convalescents.Cross-T cell reactivity was also observed within the identified series of CD8^(+)T cell epitopes.For representative immunodominant peptide pairs,although the HLA binding capacities for peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar,the TCR repertoires recognizing these peptides were distinct.Our results could provide beneficial information for the development of peptide-based universal vaccines against coronaviruses.

Polydopamine/poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)Co-deposition coatings triggered by CuSO_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)on implants for improved surface hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity

Implanted biomaterials such as medical catheters are prone to be adhered by proteins,platelets and bacteria due to their surface hydrophobicity characteristics,and then induce related infections and thrombosis.Hence,the development of a versatile strategy to endow surfaces with antibacterial and antifouling functions is particularly significant for blood-contacting materials.In this work,CuSO_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)was used to trigger polydopamine(PDA)and poly-(sulfobetaine methacrylate)(PSBMA)co-deposition process to endow polyurethane(PU)antibacterial and antifouling surface(PU/PDA(Cu)/PSBMA).The zwitterions contained in the PU/PDA(Cu)/PSBMA coating can significantly improve surface wettability to reduce protein adsorption,thereby improving its blood compatibility.In addition,the copper ions released from the metal-phenolic networks(MPNs)imparted them more than 90%antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus.Notably,PU/PDA(Cu)/PSBMA also exhibits excellent performance in vivo mouse catheter-related infections models.Thus,the PU/PDA(Cu)/PSBMA has great application potential for developing multifunctional surface coatings for blood-contacting materials so as to improve antibacterial and anticoagulant properties.

Regenerative cerium oxide nanozymes alleviate oxidative stress for efficient dry eye disease treatment

Dry eye disease(DED)is the most common eye disease in ophthalmic consultation except for refractive errors.Therefore,an exploration of valid and alternative therapeutic interventions is essential to feed the urgent medical need.It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress causes multiple adverse effects in the pathogenesis of DED,thence alleviating oxidative stress is an effective therapeutic strategy for the DED treatment.Herein,we developed a cerium oxide nanozyme combined with branched poly(ethylene imine)-graftpoly(ethylene glycol)(bPEI-g-PEG).Owing to its stable hydrophilic chains on the surface reducing the cytotoxicity and loads of amines groups that be combined with cerium ions through coordination bonds,the modified nanozymes(referred to as CNP@bPEI-g-PEG)are water soluble and highly biocompatible.Meanwhile,due to its excellent antioxidant activity,CNP@bPEI-g-PEG nanozymes can mimic the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS).Experimental studies firmly demonstrated that the modified nanozymes were auto-regenerative and more active in scavenging excessive ROS and alleviating oxidative stress by cerium-element valence state recycling,recovering the morphology of corneal,conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells.The advanced combination may offer a superior therapeutic strategy to deal with oxidative stress for effective treatment of DED.

Hypoxia-mimicking 3D bioglass-nanoclay scaffolds promote endogenous bone regeneration

Large bone defect repair requires biomaterials that promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis.In present work,a nanoclay(Laponite,XLS)-functionalized 3D bioglass(BG)scaffold with hypoxia mimicking property was prepared by foam replication coupled with UV photopolymerization methods.Our data revealed that the incorporation of XLS can significantly promote the mechanical property of the scaffold and the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)compared to the properties of the neat BG scaffold.Desferoxamine,a hypoxia mimicking agent,encourages bone regeneration via activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)-mediated angiogenesis.GelMA-DFO immobilization onto BG-XLS scaffold achieved sustained DFO release and inhibited DFO degradation.Furthermore,in vitro data demonstrated increased HIF-1αand vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expressions on human adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs).Moreover,BG-XLS/GelMA-DFO scaffolds also significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.Most importantly,our in vivo data indicated BG-XLS/GelMA-DFO scaffolds strongly increased bone healing in a critical-sized mouse cranial bone defect model.Therefore,we developed a novel BG-XLS/GelMA-DFO scaffold which can not only induce the expression of VEGF,but also promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs to promote endogenous bone regeneration.

Recent advance in near-infrared/ultrasound-sensitive 2D-nanomaterials for cancer therapeutics

In recent years,the emerging two-dimensional(2 D)nanomaterials have shown great potential for a variety of applications such as electronics,catalysis,supercapacitors,and energy materials.In the biomedical arena,these nanomaterials,especially 2 D-ultrathin nanomaterials,have also been regarded as promising nano-carriers and/or diagnostic agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment,owing to their remarkable mechanical,photothermal,and optical properties.In this review,we provide the recent development of the nanoplatforms based on near-infrared/ultrasound-sensitive 2 D-materials,representatively such as graphdiyne(GDY),black phosphorus,transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),and antimonene,for non-invasive cancer therapeutics including photothermal,photodynamic and sonodynamic approaches.The general properties of these 2 D nanomaterials linking to biomedical interests are first introduced,followed by the fabrication processes of diverse nano-platforms and related outcomes of cancer diagnosis and treatments.We also outline the current challenges and prospects of the 2 D materials for non-invasive approaches to cancer treatments in the future.

Tumor-responsive copper-activated disulfiram for synergetic nanocatalytic tumor therapy

Exploring alternative biomedical use of traditional drugs in different disease models is highly important as it can reduce the cost of drug development and overcome several critical issues of traditional chemodrugs such as low chemotherapeutic efficiency,severe side effect,and drug resistance.Disulfiram(DSF),a clinically approved alcohol-aversion drug,was recently demonstrated tofeature tumor-growth suppression effect along with the co-administration of Cu^(2+)species,but direct Cu^(2+)administration mode might cause severe toxicity originating from low Cu^(2+)accumulation into the tumor and nonspecific Cu^(2+)distribution-induced cytotoxicity.Based on the intriguing drug-delivery performance of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),we herein construct HKUST nMOFs as the Cu^(2+)self-supplying nanocarriers for efficient delivery of the D SF drug.The mildly acidic condition of tumor microenvironment initially triggered the release of Cu ions from HKUST nMOFs,which further reacted with the encapsulated DSF toform toxic Cu(DDTC)2(activation)for tumor chemotherapy.Especially,during the Cu(DDTC)2 complexation,Cu^(+)species were formed concomitantly,triggering the intratumoral nanocatalytic therapy for the generation of reactive oxygen species to synergistically destroying the tumor cells/tissue.As a result,synergetic tumor-responsive chemotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy are enabled by DSF@HKU ST nanodrugs,as demonstrated by the dominant anticancer efficacy with satisfied biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo.The present work offers a sophisticated strategy for tumor-responsive nontoxic-to-toxic therapeutic with high biocompatibility.

Biomimetic hybrid hydrogel for hemostasis,adhesion prevention and promoting regeneration after partial liver resection

Partial liver resection is an established treatment for hepatic disorders.However,surgical bleeding,intra-abdominal adhesion and rapid liver regeneration are still major challenges after partial liver resection,associated with morbidity and mortality.Herein,a biomimetic hybrid hydrogel,composed of oxidized hyaluronic acid,glycol chitosan and MenSCs-derived conditioned medium(CM),is presented to address these issues.The hybrid hydrogel is formed through reversible Schiff base,and possesses injectability and self-healing capability.Moreover,hybrid hydrogel exhibits the capabilities of hemostasis,anti-infection,tissue adhesion and controllable release of cargoes.Based on in vivo studies of the multifunctional hybrid hydrogel,it is demonstrated that acute bleeding in partial liver resection can be ceased immediately by virtue of the hemostasis features of hybrid hydrogel.Also,a significant reduction of intra-abdominal adhesion is confirmed in hybrid hydrogel-treated resection surface.Furthermore,upon the treatment of hybrid hydrogel,hepatic cell proliferation and tissue regeneration can be significantly improved due to the controllably released cytokines from MenSCs-derived CM,exerting the effects of mitogenesis and anti-inflammation in vivo.Thus,the biomimetic hybrid hydrogel can be a promising candidate with great potential for application in partial liver resection.