A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework of Water-Energy-Food System Coupling Coordination in the Yellow River Basin,China

For mankind’s survival and development,water,energy,and food(WEF)are essential material guarantees.In China,however,the spatial distribution of WEF is seriously unbalanced and mismatched.Here,a collaborative governance mechanism that aims at nexus security needs to be urgently established.In this paper,the Yellow River Basin in China with a representative WEF system,was selected as a case.Firstly,a comprehensive framework for WEF coupling coordination was constructed,and the relationship and mechanism between them were analyzed theoretically.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the coupling coordination degree(CCD)with a composite evaluation method,coupling coordination degree model,spatial statistical analysis,and multiscale geographic weighted regression.Finally,policy implications were discussed to promote the coordinated development of the WEF system.The results showed that:1)WEF subsystems showed a significant imbalance of spatial pattern and diversity in temporal changes;2)the CCD for the WEF system varied little and remained at moderate coordination.Areas with moderate coordination have increased,while areas with superior coordination and mild disorder have decreased.In addition,the spatial clustering phenomenon of the CCD was significant and showed obvious characteristics of polarization;and 3)the action of each factor is self-differentiated and regionally variable.For different factors,GDP per capita was of particular importance,which contributed most to the regional development’s coupling coordination.For different regions,GDP per capita,average yearly precipitation,population density,and urbanization rate exhibited differences in geographical gradients in an east-west direction.The conclusion can provide references for regional resource allocation and sustainable development by enhancing WEF system utilization efficiency.

China’s Seven-Decades of Opening-up:Empowering Growth and Reforms

This paper examines China’s seven-decades of opening-up and its achievements since 1949,presenting an overview of China’s importation of technology and formation of a modern industrial system in the first three decades,as well as opening-up and development in the last four decades.We discuss the rationale behind the gradualist approach to opening-up,focusing on how factor endowment,reform,and the opening-up policy have shaped China’s opening-up landscape.We also address the doubts and controversies arising from China’s opening-up and the positive effects of opening-up on reforms.Lastly,we present possible future trends for China’s transition towards the horizontal division of labor and neutral and institutional opening-up.

A Miracle of Human Development in China(1950-2030)

China has created an even more spectacular miracle in human development than in economic growth.From 1950 to 2015,China went through three stages of socio-economic development; the "extremely poor era",the "era of letting some people get rich first" and the "era of common prosperity",raising its human development to an increasingly higher level.With the world's fastestgrowing Human Development Index(HDI) during this period,China evolved from a very "low human development level" to a "high human development level".And it is expected to enter a new stage with a "very high human development level" around 2021.This human development miracle in China indicates that socialism with Chinese characteristics gains strength from being a major country and a late mover,as well as from its development path and socialist system.China,arguably contributing the most to the entirety of human development,can serve as a role model for developing countries and can lead the path for the all-round development of billions of people.

Integrated Disaster Prevention and Reduction for Areas along the Belt and Road during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period:Global Disaster Reduction and Key Issues for Major Areas

Disaster prevention and mitigation,as the greatest common divisor of people s interests in the construction of the Belt and Road,can not only guarantee the safety of Chinese enterprises going abroad and China s foreign investment but also promote the sustainable development in countries and regions along the route,which is conducive to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.On the eve of China s disaster prevention and reduction plan during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,this paper studies the key issues in integrated disaster prevention and reduction for major areas along the Belt and Road.First of all,it analyzes the importance and urgency of integrated disaster prevention and mitigation for areas along the Belt and Road.Secondly,from a global perspective,it analyzes the measures for the construction and innovation of disaster prevention and reduction technical system,the key issues in the disaster risk management and the focuses of disaster prevention and reduction international cooperation mechanism along the Belt and Road.At last,from the strategic level,it analyzes systematically the major areas and key fields for research and practice of integrated disaster prevention and reduction along the Belt and Road,including research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction of Silk Road Economic Belt,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction of Maritime Silk Road,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction in the construction of major protects,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction in the construction of the six economic corridors,research and practice on the construction of disaster prevention and reduction information platform and research and practice on the building of cross-border and cross-regional rescue capability.

FinTech Can Prevent the Formation of Zombie Firms:Evidence from China

The interplay between financial technology(FinTech)and real economy firms has garnered considerable attention.This paper explores the relationship and mechanism between FinTech and corporate zombification using the data of Chinese A-share listed firms in China from 2011 to 2021.The research findings reveal that FinTech significantly inhibits firm zombification,and FinTech breadth and depth both play a significant role in restraining firm zombification.Mechanism exploration indicates that,on the one hand,FinTech reduces friction in the financial market,inhibiting firm zombification by improving firm investment efficiency,especially alleviating under-investment.On the other side,FinTech indirectly affects the technological investment,production,and operation of firms,thereby inhibiting firm zombification by increasing their total factor productivity.Heterogeneity analysis suggests that the inhibitory effect of FinTech on corporate zombification is more pronounced for non-stateowned firms and small-sized firms,as well as those in manufacturing industries and highly competitive industries.This paper provides some novel evidence on evaluating the effect of FinTech on firms and also offers new insights for efficient governance of zombie firms.

Understanding the change of land space utilization efficiency with different functions and its coupling coordination: A case study of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Land spaces function in capacities of urban development,agricultural production,and ecological conservation,among many others.Research of land space utilization efficiency(LSUE)and coupling coordination relationships among its subsystems are significant for sustainable land space development.In this study,taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR)as the study area,we establish a measurement index system to evaluate the LSUE(2000–2018)and analyze its coupling coordination degree by utilizing an improved coupling coordination model.The main results include the following.(1)The average efficiency levels of urban space and agricultural space in the UAMRYR increased 2000–2018,while the average efficiency of ecological space declined.(2)The spatial pattern of the LSUE values varied greatly,with the distributions of high-efficiency and low-efficiency levels significantly different.(3)The coupling degree of LSUE includes three types,i.e.,high-level coupling,break-in,and antagonism.Each coupling degree type was characterized by change over time.(4)The proportion of areas with high coupling coordination and moderate coupling coordination increased from 2000 to 2018,while the proportion of areas with basic coupling coordination,moderate imbalance,and serious imbalance declined during this period.Given that the spatial differentiation of the LSUE and its coupling coordination,it is necessary to implement a differential land space development strategy in the UAMRYR.This study is helpful to promote the efficient utilization and coordinated development of land space utilization systems.

Globalization of Services in the Internet Age:A New Engine,Acceleration and Major Power Competitiveness

The Internet and information technology have fundamentally changed the inefficient and non-tradable nature of the service industry and greatly strengthened the impetus for services globalization.In the Internet age,the accelerating globalization of services is irreversible.In the course of this process,China will enjoy advantages in terms of development stage,market scale,business models,Internet and digital technology applications and degree of openness,all of which will give it greater competitiveness.An analysis of cultural and sports industries indicates that the opening up of large countries’cultural markets will increase the international influence of their cultural factors.

The Temporal Features of China's Opening to the Outside World and Its Theoretical Construction

Over the past 40-plus years of reform and opening up,China has taken a unique path of development that complies with both its national conditions and the laws of development.This paper analyzes the uniqueness and the universality of Chinese experience and the theoretical logic that has permeated the process of China’s opening up and kept pace with the times.Within this framework we analyze the key issues and suitable options for China’s future opening up.

An Agent-Based Simulation Model of Knowledge Spillover Under the Influence of High-Speed Railway

The calculation for the influence of high-speed railway on knowledge spillover is based on the results of global instantaneous equilibrium in the mechanism explanation of knowledge spillover. In real production, the interaction between the high-speed railway and the regional innovation system is dynamic and local. In order to simulate the impact of high-speed railway on innovation activities in the time dimension, it is necessary to simulate scenarios under appropriate parameter assumptions. Based on the interaction of economic participants, a discrete evolutionary simulation model is established,which is helpful to predict and estimate the evolution of spatial effect of high-speed railway according to the theory of cellular automata. It is concluded that high-speed railway accelerates the formation of knowledge innovation industry cluster in the region in the process of regional knowledge innovation and evolution. Under the influence of high-speed railway, the node city will gradually evolve into a regional innovation center. By comparing the production evolution of knowledge innovation system with and without high-speed railway, the results show that high-speed railway has a more significant impact on knowledge spillover in higher knowledge privatization environment. Under the background of low labor migration rate, high-speed railway has increased the potential of regional innovation to external knowledge spillover. In the case of higher labor migration rate, the convergence rate of influence of high-speed railway on the concentration of innovation is faster.

How Facial Expressions of Recipients Influence Online Prosocial Behaviors?-Evidence from Big Data Analysis on Tencent Gongyi Platform

Cyberspace has significantly influenced people’s perceptions of social interactions and communication.As a result,the conventional theories of kin selection and reciprocal altruism fall short in completely elucidating online prosocial behavior.Based on the social information processing model,we propose an analytical framework to explain the donation behaviors on online platform.Through collecting textual and visual data from Tencent Gongyi platform pertaining to disease relief projects,and employing techniques encompassing text analysis,image analysis,and propensity score matching,we investigate the impact of both internal emotional cues and external contextual cues on donation behaviors.It is found that positive emotions tend to attract a larger number of donations,while negative emotions tend to result in higher per capita donation amounts.Furthermore,these effects manifest differently under distinct external contextual conditions.

Large-scale extraction of check dams and silted fields on the Chinese loess plateau using ensemble learning models

Check dams have been widely constructed in the Chinese Loess Plateau and has played an important role in controlling soil loss during last 70 years.However,the large-scale and automatic mapping of the check dams and the resulting silted fields are lacking.In this study,we present a novel methodological framework to extract silted fields and to estimate the location of the check dams at a pixel level in the Wuding River catchment by remote sensing and ensemble learning models.The random under-sampling method and 23 features were used to train and validate three ensemble learning models,namely Random Forest,Extreme Gradient Boosting and EasyEnsemble,based on a large number of samples.The established optimal model was then applied to the whole study area to map check dams and silted fields.Our results indicate that the imbalance ratio of the samples has a significant impact on the performance of the models.Validation of the results on the testing set show that the F1-score of silted fields of three models is higher than 0.75 at the pixel level.Finally,we produced a map of silted fields and check dams at 10 m-spatial resolution by the optimal model with an accuracy of ca.90%at the object level.The proposed framework can be used for the large-scale and high-precision mapping of check dams and silted fields,which is of great significance for the monitoring and management of the dynamics of check dams and the quantitative evaluation of their eco-environmental benefits.

Prospects for China's Agricultural Modernization by 2035

An important task of China's agricultural development is to achieve modernization in all respects.The rural revitalization strategy was first introduced in the report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.This strategy now stands as the general guiding principle and central task of China's agricultural initiatives in the new era and serves as a pivotal move toward advancing agricultural modernization.Taking into consideration the current situation of China's agricultural development,the authors analyze the factors driving agricultural modernization and project the trajectory of agricultural modernization by 2035.The findings indicate that China has created a conducive institutional and development environment in production,consumption,,industry,science and technology,trade,etc.,thereby laying a solid foundation for its agricultural modernization.Projections suggest that by 2035,China will establish itself as the world's preeminent nation inagricultural lproductionnand consumption,a powerhouse in agricultural industrialization and agricultural product trading,and a leading country in agricultural science and technology.However,China still faces tremendous challenges in terms of consumption structures,quality requirements,industria1l development,format innovation,production methods,service functions,scientific and technological levels,and personnel structure.Therefore,on the path to agricultural modernization,China still needs to advance the structural reforms on the agricultural supply side,shift its agricultural production and operation methods,elevate its level of opening up in agriculture,and foster a deeper integration between urban and rural areas.