Spatial and Temporal Differences of Climate Suitability of Ice and Snow Sports in Major Ski Tourism Destinations in China

Ice and snow tourism in China has grown significantly since the country successfully hosted the Beijing Winter Olympics.Climatic conditions profoundly impact the development of ice and snow tourism;however,most studies have focused on constructing different climate suitability indicators for ice and snow tourism to evaluate individual regions,lacking horizontal comparative studies across multiple regions.This study aims to enrich the connotation of climate suitability for ice and snow sports,establish an evaluation model based on snowfall amount,temperature,and wind speed,and use daily meteorological data from 1991 to 2021 to horizontally compare the climate suitability for ice and snow sports in major ski tourism destinations in China.This study boasts four major findings:1)the average ice and snow sports climate index of each region decreases over time,and the overall suitability of the climate for ice and snow sports is reducing;2)northern Xinjiang exhibits the most evident regional differentiation from‘very suitable’to‘generally suitable’;3)the spatial zoning of climate suitability for ice and snow sports exhibits heterogeneity,as northern Xinjiang is divided into two‘suitable and above’zones with rotating empirical orthogonal function(REOF).Correspondingly,the four provinces of Hebei,Heilongjiang,Jilin,and Liaoning are divided into three‘generally suitable and above’zones;4)snowfall amount is the main factor affecting the climate suitability of ice and snow sports in the major ski tourist destinations in China.

Integrated Development of Tea and Tourism in Taishan Mountain Tea Valley in the Context of Rural Revitalization

In recent years,the integrated development of the tea and tourism has become an important way to promote the rural revitalization of Tai'an tea-producing areas,but the state of industrial upgrading still needs to be improved.In order to better integrate tea and tourism in Tea Valley,this paper uses questionnaire and SWOT analysis to study.It found the following problems:(i)45.7%of tourists were interested in tea culture,but they know litle about it,and the integration of tea culture and tea tourism products is low.(i)50.54%of the tourists were interested in the tea picking experience project and wanted to add the tea food experience item.(ii)The acceptance of 45.7%of tourists to scenic spots was 1-2 h,which shows that the quality of transportation service facilities and personnel needs to be improved.Combined with the SWOT analysis,it is found that the scenic spot is rich in resources,convenient transportation,profound cultural heritage,and good govern-ment policy support conditions,which is suitable for the SO strategy(growth development strategy),so the scenic spot relies on internal ad-vantages and seizes external opportunities to develop the integration of tea and tourism.Based on the analysis results,it came up with the perti-nent recommendations for the key problems:(i)The infrastructure service is not well established.It is suggested that scenic spots should in-crease investment,regularly train service personnel to improve their quality,and improve transportation services,accommodation,catering and public service hardware facilities.(i)Tea tourism products are insufficient.It is suggested that tea tourism products should be innovatively designed and tea tourism experiential products and tourism commodities should be planned.(i)Tea culture and tourism lack organic combi-nation.It is recommended to deeply excavate tea culture,and take consideration of both spiritual and material aspects.The specific methods include building teahouses,Taishan Mountain(Mount Tai)tea culture throughout the whole process of tea production,development and pro-cessing,and AR tea culture experience hall can be built to make tourists feel tea culture from dfferent perspectives.(iv)The publicity is in-sufficient.Strategies should be made in three aspects:improving the Internet media,taking into account the traditional media,and expanding the market based on the surrounding areas.(v)The tea industry chain is short.It is recommended to add four new industrial chain designs of"tea+accommodation,tea+catering,tea+Intemet,tea+training",hoping to bring some inspiration and ideas to the managers of scenic spots.

Integration, Leading and Empowerment: Folk Culture Boosting the Development of Henan's Tourism Economy

During Chinese New Year holiday,characteristic folk customs activities significantly stimulated local tourism consumption potential and the high-quality development of tourism economy by integrating,leading and empowering local tourism projects.

A Deep Learning-Based Teaching Design for High School Geography Units:Taking the Example of Landforms of the Humanistic Education Edition

The traditional teaching methods of one-way cultivation of students can no longer meet the requirements of talent cultivation at this stage.The issue of how to promote students from passive acceptance to the independent cognitive understanding stage(i.e.deep learning)has become the focus of geography teaching.Therefore,under the guidance of deep learning theory,this paper takes the“landforms”knowledge unit of the Humanistic Education Edition as an example,improves the classroom teaching means through the unit teaching mode,reconstructs the“landforms”teaching unit,and explores the specific teaching of high school geography unit based on deep learning.This study provides a good example and guidelines for high school geography teaching and learning.

Threshold effects of tourism agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry.The threshold regression model is employed to conduct empirical tests of the nonlinear threshold effect of agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of tourism industry. The inter-provincial differences of various threshold effects and their possible causes are analyzed. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry is generally growing, while regional disparity is significant with a gradient decrease along the eastern-central-western regions. There is an obvious positive nonlinear relationship between tourism agglomeration and green innovation efficiency. It is also found that with the increase of agglomeration, its influence is at a high level. As the level of agglomeration crosses the first threshold, its impact is at a low level, and when it crosses the second threshold, the impact of tourism agglomeration is at an intermediate level. Finally, this paper proposes the basic path and some policy recommendations to promote the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry in China.

Multifunctional Landscape Actor-Network Construction from the Perspective of Rural Tourism Experiences

During the construction of multifunctional landscape(MFL) actor-network, economic, social, and ecological functions presented significant differences, which resulted from the different roles and effects of various heterogeneous actors according to the tourism experience. In Hekou Village at the border area between China and North Korea, the roles and effects of heterogeneous actors during the MFL actor-network construction were analyzed by means of the analytic network process(ANP), which verified the Groundings-Entrepreneurship-Markets(GEM) theoretical framework of the MFL actor-network that assumed tourism experiences were core actors, and economic, social, and ecological landscape actors acted as support. Research results showed that in the MFL actornetwork construction, social and economic functions of landscapes were strong, while ecological and tourism experience functions were weak and that folk customs and land utilization were key actors of the MFL actor-network construction. In the MFL actor-network construction, actors played different roles and had different effects on the network. Intelligence facilities and rurality were critical to drive the MFL actor network translation process and pass through "obligatory passage point". By changing the interaction mode and intensity of the actors, the MFL actor-network could be promoted.

Authenticity Protection of Agricultural Landscapes in Rural Tourism Development

With the rapid development of the economy, people’s living standards have been improved constantly. As people’s material life has been gradually improved, people pay more attention to the pursuit of high-quality spiritual life, and the flourishing development of rural tourism just meets people’s pursuit about returning to nature that is far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, and about experiencing funny and quiet life in the countryside. The development of rural tourism relies on agricultural landscape resources, and the correct understanding and protection of the original value of agricultural landscape resources can effectively ensure the sustainable use of agricultural landscape resources. If land for agricultural landscape resource is occupied for developing blindly without reasonable planning and construction, it will lead to the distortion of the authentic value of agricultural landscape, which in turn affects the sustainable development of rural tourism.

From theme park to cultural tourism town:Disneyization turning of tourism space in China

Theme park development has become an important choice for tourism space development in Chinese cities,and the theming of space as well as the implied consumption symbols and cultural implications are usually viewed as examples for the development of other urban spaces,such as cultural tourism towns.The result is the Disneyization of urban tourism space.With the construction of characteristic towns being vigorously promoted throughout China,cultural tourism towns are springing up.They are typical of the“Wuzhen Town Mode”and represent the process of the Disneyization of tourism space in China.This research reflects on the evolution of the characteristics of tourism space in China.Taking the Wuzhen Town Mode as an example,this study reveals the characteristics and conversion mechanism of the Disneyization of tourism space in Chinese cities.According to this research,the Wuzhen Town Mode of the Disneyization is characterized by theming,hybrid consumption,merchandising,and performative labor.Residential function is a unique characteristic of the Disneyization of cultural tourism towns in China.Moreover,the Wuzhen Town Mode of the Disneyization is jointly motivated by the driving force of local governments,the propulsive force of tourist demand,the attractive force of the social environment,and the driving force of capital.Finally,suggestions and policy proposals are provided for the Disneyization of tourism space in China.

An Empirical Research on Satisfaction of Tourism Public Service in National Forest Park

In recent years,leisure individual travel has become a trend of tourism development.Visitors are highly dependent on the public service system of scenic spots.The educational circles at home and abroad are paying more and more attention to the study of tourism public services.Based on the theory of tourist satisfaction evaluation,this paper made an empirical study on the tourism public service system of Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.It was found that there was a contradiction between the demand for tourism public services and the actual supply in Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.Based on this,some measures were put forward,such as strengthening the construction of tourist information signs in scenic spots,strengthening the construction of communication facilities and convenient services for tourists,strengthening the training and supervision of service practitioners,and construction of organizations for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of tourists.

Construction of Comprehensive Old-age Tourism Complex in Kunming City

As the population aging becomes a global trend,old-age tounsm has gradually become a newly-emerging industry integrating tounsm industry and old-age support industry for such functions as leisure sightseeing,vacationing and health care,learning and expenence,recuperation,soul comfort and so on.In face of the market opportunities of old-age tounsm,Kunming City owns many advantages such as climate,location,traffic and tounsm resources,but also shows deficiencies such as few and low-grade old-age tourism agencies,insufficient funds for old-age tourism,underdeveloped old-age service industry.To enhance the advantages and avoid disadvantages,this paper proposed the industrialized development mode of old-age tourism complex for Kunming City.On the basis of sorting out tourism resources in the city this paper first concluded 6 old-age tounsm resource spaces,integrated characteristic tounsm resources,cultural resources and social resources of each space into the 7 sub-systems of the old-age tounsm complex,proposed specific conceptions for the construction of old-age tounsm complex in Kunming,and finally gave suggestions in view of the development environment of local old-age tourism complex.

Analysis on Tourism Economic Spatial Relation of Liaoning Central City Group

Through the calculation and analysis of the tourism economic spatial relation,it found that Liaoning central urban agglomeration tourism economic spatial relation has many problems,such as the central city is insufficient,and the low degree of spatial relations. Therefore,this article puts forward the countermeasures,which can provide theoretical and practical reference for Liaoning central urban agglomeration tourism industry layout.

Identification and Analysis of Symbolic Elements in the Mountain Tourism

As a traditional tourist type,mountain tourism now is highly focused on and it has already accumulated a great many academic papers in different types of researches. However,there still exists improvement in positive and qualitative study. This paper uses Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique( ZMET) as the study method to identify,sort and present all the typical elements in the mountain tourism context,aiming to find out the potential expectations and needs hiding in the subconscious of the mountain tourist.

Tourism Development and Sustainable Development of Disaster Site

The necessity of developing tourism in disaster sites was explored,famous disaster sites in the world were taken for example,and strategies for the tourism development of disaster sites proposed according to the basic theories of sustainable development.

Spatial Pattern of Chinese Tourism Development and Its Mechanism Based on Different Spatial-temporal Scales:Taking the Panel Data of China Mainland(1996-2010) for Example

By taking the panel data of China mainland from 1996 to 2010 for an example, this paper used ESDA, gravity center and standard deviation ellipse to analyze the spatial differences, combined with the impulse response function to propose the infl uence mechanism of spatial evolution. The results showed that the provincial tourism economy generally showed a random spatial distribution and the spatial differences had narrowed from 1996 to 2010. The differences of tourism development in east China are the largest, and differences of the middle China are the smallest. The gravity center of Chinese provincial tourism has shifted to the northwest, the HH district concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and its surroundings, the LL district concentrated in west Chinese. The high-value areas of city tourism economy are broadly distributed in the right of line "Heihe–Tengchong", mainly concentrated in four plates. Compared with spatial differences of provincial tourism economy, those of city tourism economy were more signifi cant. Regional tourism resources and social economic factors are the two major factors that infl uence spatial differences of tourism economy, the objective rule and policy and institution also have a great impact on regional tourism development differences. Special events may have a certain impact on the pattern of the original; however, it cannot change the spatial pattern completely.

A study on tourism development model with dynamic mechanism of circular economy

With the social and economic development,conflict among the shortage of resources,environmental destruction and economic development is ever more pronounced.In this context,the circular economy was gradually accepted.Guided by sustainable development concept and promoted by six external forces,tourism circular economy take tourism micro-cycle model as the core,implement in corporate and social levels,improve resource utilization efficiency,reduce tourism's adverse impacts on the surrounding environment through recycling,reducing and reusing resources,achieve economic,social and environmental development of the organic unity.

REGIONAL TOURISM COOPERATION IN TRIANGLE ZONE OF LIAONING PROVINCE

Strengthening the regional tourism cooperation is the requirement of both tourism development and tourist competition drive. On the one hand, resources, products, market and infrastructure in tourism are characteristics of half-public goods, which are the externalities. On the other hand, tourism competition has evolved from individual scenic spot, or finn competition to regional competition, which also requires urgent regional tourism cooperation. In recent years, the regional economic cooperation has been becoming popular in the world. The triangle tourism zone of Liaoning Province, constituted by Shenyang, Dalian and Dandong, is the core region of Liaoning tourism system. This regional tourism cooperation has been raised for a long time, but has not made substantial progress as yet. In recent years, the strategic cooperation among them has been becoming urgent, along with the change of tourism competition models, as well as the desire for building a Northeast Asia tourist economy circle. Based on literature, this paper establishes a conceptual frame of regional tourism cooperation and applies it in the analysis of the strategic tourism cooperation of Liaoning Province＇s golden triangle zone. This paper firstly examines both qualifications and motives concerning with cooperation among the three cities, and believes that the biggest difficulties involve traditional ideas, administrative institutions, communications, economic performances, time constraints, and more overlap among their tourist markets. Then this paper continues to construct a cooperating mechanism, including participant arrangements, construction of operating mechanism and construction of assisting mechanism. At last, this paper proposes approaches to the strategic cooperation such as introducing Xiuyan County, strategic integration and developing differentiated and complemented tourism products.

Influence of 2022 Winter Olympics on Tourism Development of Zhangjiakou City and the Countermeasures

Mega-event is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism industry. As a co-host city of 2022 Winter Olympics, Zhangjiakou will encounter new opportunities in tourism development. This paper build a dynamic model about the influence of Olympics on urban tourism industry, and put forward specific strategies for the city promoting its tourism development by taking the opportunity of hosting the Winter Olympics.

Strengthening Mechanisms to Promote Tourists' Environmental Responsible Behaviors in the Context of All-for-One Tourism

The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and guest sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.

Effectiveness of Rain Classroom Intelligent Teaching Design : A Case Study of the Course of Spring Water Tourism Resources

[Objectives]To evaluate the effectiveness of Rain Classroom intelligent teaching in the course of Spring Water Tourism Resources.[Methods]The course of Spring Water Tourism Resources in the course of Overview of Tourism Resources was taken as an example,the pre-class preparation,in-class teaching,and after-class evaluation links were designed separately through the Rain Classroom platform.Then,a questionnaire survey was carried out for the students of Spring Water Tourism Resources.[Results]About 58.3%of the students believed that the greatest advantage of using the Rain Classroom teaching platform is that the learning method is flexible and can improve the ability of independent learning;61.78%of students stated that playing 3D animation in the classroom has the best effect for learning different tourism resources;with the aid of the Rain Classroom platform,the communication between teachers and students becomes more timely,and the students' ability to deal with practical problems can be practiced.[Conclusions]This study is intended to build an intelligent classroom model suitable for tourism management department based on the Rain Classroom platform.It is recommended to promote and apply this model in the teaching of tourism management.

Evaluation Model of Residents' Hospitality in Tourism Destination

The hospitality spirit of tourism destination is one of the sources of destination comparative advantage,and it is also an important factor affecting the quality of destination products.From the perspective of tourists’ perception,analytic hierarchy process is used to construct the evaluation model of residents’ hospitality in tourism destination from two aspects:the behavioral expression of individual hospitality and the atmosphere performance of social hospitality.The research could provide reference basis for managers evaluating the hospitality of residents in tourism destinations.