The Impact of The Three-Dimensional Cultivation Model on the Development of the Suzhou Tea Industry:Estimating Value of Output Per Acre and Diversified Sales Models

This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed.

Planning and Design of Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park

Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park takes the protection of wetland eco-environment system as the core content,highlights regional characteristics of wetland landscapes,and designs leisure,entertainment,science popularization and education projects according to the functional orientations and actual conditions.The design ensures the effective protection and reasonable utilization of wetland resources.

The high-quality sequencing of the Brassica rapa‘XiangQingCai’genome and exploration of genome evolution and genes related to volatile aroma

‘Vanilla’(XQC,brassica variety chinensis)is an important vegetable crop in the Brassica family,named for its strong volatile fragrance.In this study,we report the high-quality chromosome-level genome sequence of XQC.The assembled genome length was determined as 466.11 Mb,with an N50 scaffold of 46.20 Mb.A total of 59.50%repetitive sequences were detected in the XQC genome,including 47570 genes.Among all examined Brassicaceae species,XQC had the closest relationship with B.rapa QGC(‘QingGengCai’)and B.rapa Pakchoi.Two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events and one recent whole-genome triplication(WGT)event occurred in the XQC genome in addition to an ancient WGT event.The recent WGT was observed to occur during 21.59-24.40 Mya(after evolution rate corrections).Our findings indicate that XQC experienced gene losses and chromosome rearrangements during the genome evolution of XQC.The results of the integrated genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed critical genes involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and terpene synthase(TPS)family genes.In summary,we determined a chromosome-level genome of B.rapa XQC and identified the key candidate genes involved in volatile fragrance synthesis.This work can act as a basis for the comparative and functional genomic analysis and molecular breeding of B.rapa in the future.

On “Native Ecological View” of Suzhou Classical Gardens

On the basis of reviewing and concluding relevant data, and construction practices of eco-garden city, origination, theoretic foundation and structural model of "native ecological view" of Suzhou classical gardens were analyzed comprehensively.

Weed Occurrence and Chemical Control Test in Public Lawn of Suzhou Urban Area of China

Weed occurrence and damage in public green lawn of Suzhou urban area was assessed using five-grade weed visual survey method. The occurrence and damage of weeds in public green lawn of Suzhou City was very common. There were totally 67 species of weeds in green lawn, with the density of 6.5 plant/m^2, the relative abundance of 7.6%, the relative coverage of 10.3%, the relative height and the occurrence frequency of 100%, and the overall damage level of weeds was above the forth level. There were 14 species of major weeds causing damage, and 15 species of weeds were found to pose regional damage. Haloxyfop-R-methyl or Ping＇an-14 could be applied to control grassy weeds in clover lawns, with the herbicidal effect above 90%. MCPA, fluroxypyr, or clopyralid could be administra- ted alone to control broadleaf weeds in Cynodon dactylon or Festuca elata lawn, with the herbicidal effect above 85%. Since the weed species in weed communities of lawn were different, the types of herbicides should be targeted, or SD additives could be added to improve the herbicidal effect.

The Curriculum System Development of Sightseeing Agriculture Major Based on Work Flow

From the position setting of sightseeing agriculture businesses and ability analysis,this paper analyzes the career action field based on training objectives of sightseeing agriculture major and determines the typical tasks and career action field. According to the major teaching design of career action field,this paper introduces the systematic curriculum system of sightseeing agriculture major based on work flow.

Research on the Application of Construction Robots in the Context of Construction Industrialization

Based on the original construction technology,construction robots are realized by integrating industrial information technology,and construction robots are used to replace manual labor in completing construction projects.China’s research on construction robots is still in its early stages.Research efforts need to be increased in order to promote better applications of construction robots.To this end,by analyzing the application of modern construction robots,we conduct a comprehensive study on the development of construction robots to ensure that construction robots can be widely used in the future.

Soil bacterial and fungal communities resilience to long-term nitrogen addition in subtropical forests in China

Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition is predicted to increase,especially in the subtropics.However,the responses of soil microorganisms to long-term N addition at the molecular level in N-rich subtropical forests have not been clarified.A long-term nutrient addition experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen old-growth forest in China.The four treatments were:control,low N(50 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)),high N(100 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)),and combined N and phosphorus(P)(100 kg N ha^(-1)a^(-1)+50 kg P ha^(-1)a^(-1)).Metagenomic sequencing characterized diversity and composition of soil microbial communities and used to construct bacterial/fungal co-occurrence networks.Nutrient-treated soils were more acidic and had higher levels of dissolved organic carbon than controls.There were no significant differences in microbial diversity and community composition across treatments.The addition of nutrients increased the abundance of copiotrophic bacteria and potentially beneficial microorganisms(e.g.,Gemmatimonadetes,Chaetomium,and Aureobasidium).Low N addition increased microbiome network connectivity.Three rare fungi were identified as module hubs under nutrient addition,indicating that low abundance fungi were more sensitive to increased nutrients.The results indicate that the overall composition of microbial communities was stable but not static to long-term N addition.Our findings provide new insights that can aid predictions of the response of soil microbial communities to long-term N addition.

Effects of CeCl_3 on Energy Transfer and Oxygen Evolution in Spinach Photosystem Ⅱ

Due to 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, cerium involved in an oxidation-reduction reaction in plant, closely relating to photosynthesis. Our studies proved that cerium could promote photosynthesis and greatly improve spinach growth. However, the mechanism of promoting energy transfer and conversion by cerium remains unclear. Here we reported that the effects of Ce^3＋ on energy transfer and oxygen evolution in photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ ） isolated from spinach, which was related to 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence in Ce molecule. The methods of absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum were used in the research. Results showed that Ce^3＋ treatment at low concentration could suitably change PS Ⅱ mieroenvironment, increase the absorbance of visible light, improve the energy transfer among amino acids within PS Ⅱ protein-pigment complex, and accelerate energy transport from tyrosine residue to chlorophyll a. In summary, the photochemical activity of PS Ⅱ （fluorescence quantum yield） and its oxygen evolving rate were enhanced by Ce^3＋.

Effects of 4f Electron Characteristics and Alternation Valence of Rare Earths on Photosynthesis: Regulating Distribution of Energy and Activities of Spinach Chloroplast

Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach treated with taCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3. Because of owning 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence, Ce treatment presented the highest enhancement in light absorption, energy transfer from LHC Ⅱ to PS Ⅱ, excitation energy distribution from PS Ⅰ to PS Ⅱ, and fluorescence quantum yield around 680 nm. Compared with Ce treatment, Nd treatment resulted in relatively lower enhancement in these physiological indices, as Nd did not have alternation valence. La treatment presented the lowest enhancement, as La did not have either 4f electron or alternation valence. The increase in activities of whole chain electron transport, PS ⅡDCPIP photoreduction, and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts was of the following order： Ce〉Nd 〉La〉 control. However, the photoreduction activities of spinach PS I almost did not change with La, Ce, or Nd treatments. The results suggested that 4f electron characteristics and alternation valence of rare earths had a close relationship with photosynthesis improvement.

Brief History of Greenway Development and Its Useful Experience and Referential Value for Greenway Construction in China

Concept, type and function of greenway was introduced as well as its development history and current status in China and abroad. Useful experience for greenway construction in China was proposed from the perspectives of construction, planning and design.

The role of γ-aminobutyric acid in aluminum stress tolerance in a woody plant, Liriodendron chinense×tulipifera

The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter;GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress.The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron(L.chinense×tulipifera)is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber;studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential.Here,we performed quantitative iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress.Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis,sugar and proline metabolism,antioxidant activity,cell autophagy,protein ubiquitination degradation,and anion transport in response to Al damage.We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)and its activity,leading to increased GABA biosynthesis.Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS,enhanced proline biosynthesis,and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2,which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al^(3+).We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al^(3+)tolerance in Arabidopsis.Thus,our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.

The sugar transporter system of strawberry:genome-wide identification and expression correlation with fruit soluble sugar-related traits in a Fragaria×ananassa germplasm collection

Sugar from plant photosynthesis is a basic requirement for life activities.Sugar transporters are the proteins that mediate sugar allocation among or within source/sink organs.The transporters of the major facilitator superfamily(MFS)targeting carbohydrates represent the largest family of sugar transporters in many plants.Strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne)is an important crop appreciated worldwide for its unique fruit flavor.The involvement of MFS sugar transporters(STs)in cultivated strawberry fruit sugar accumulation is largely unknown.In this work,we characterized the genetic variation associated with fruit soluble sugars in a collection including 154 varieties.Then,a total of 67 ST genes were identified in the v4.0 genome integrated with the v4.0.a2 protein database of F.vesca,the dominant subgenome provider for modern cultivated strawberry.Phylogenetic analysis updated the nomenclature of strawberry ST homoeologs.Both the chromosomal distribution and structural characteristics of the ST family were improved.Semi-RT-PCR analysis in nine tissues from cv.Benihoppe screened 34 highly expressed ST genes in fruits.In three varieties with dramatically differing fruit sugar levels,qPCR integrated with correlation analysis between ST transcript abundance and sugar content identified 13 sugar-correlated genes.The correlations were re-evaluated across 19 varieties,including major commercial cultivars grown in China.Finally,a model of the contribution of the sugar transporter system to subcellular sugar allocation in strawberry fruits was proposed.Our work highlights the involvement of STs in controlling strawberry fruit soluble sugars and provides candidates for the future functional study of STs in strawberry development and responses and a new approach for strawberry genetic engineering and molecular breeding.

Induction of Apoptosis in Hormone-resistant Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by Inactivated Sendai Virus

Objective Inactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope （HVJ-E）] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells mediated by HVJ-E has not been fully elucidated. This paper aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of apoptosis induction by HVJ-E in prostate cancer cells （PC3）. Methods PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various MOI, and then interferon-β（IFN-β） production, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by ELISA, MTl--based assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Next, the roles of Jak-Stat, MAPK and Akt pathways played in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells were analyzed by immunoblot assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E on PC3 cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected into prostate cancers on BALB/c-nude mice, and the tumor volume was monitored for 36 days. Results HVJ-E induced iFN-β production and activated Jak-Stat signaling pathway, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in PC3 prostate cancer cells post HVJ-E treatment. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that p38 and Jnk MAPKs in PC3 cells contributed to HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. In addition, intratumoral HVJ-E treatment displayed a direct inhibitory effect in an in vivo BALB/c nude mouse prostate cancer model. Conclusion Our findings have provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms by which HVJ-E induces apoptosis in tumor cells.

Countermeasures for Construction of Family Farms

Without beautiful countryside,there will be no beautiful China.The family farm is a beautiful scene in the construction of new socialist countryside.However,the construction of family farms just starts in China.It still remains at pilot and fumbling stage.There are still mainly unfavorable factors including separate land,insufficient funds,lack of security for farmers,lack of talents,and service lagging behind.On the basis of analyzing various weak points,we put forward countermeasures and recommendations for construction of family farms on promoting orderly farmland circulation,strengthening financial support,improving professional quality,supplying social security,increasing public investment,and attaching importance to standardized operation.

Bistability Analysis of Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Networks in Limited-Sustained-Activity Regime

Bistable behavior of neuronal complex networks is investigated in the limited-sustained-activity regime when the network is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.The standard stability analysis is performed on the two metastable states separately.Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show consistently that the difference between time scales of excitatory and inhibitory populations can influence the dynamical behaviors of the neuronal networks dramatically,leading to the transition from bistable behaviors with memory effects to the collapse of bistable behaviors.These results may suggest one possible neuronal information processing by only tuning time scales.

Indoor Propagation of Transgenic Glyphosate-tolerant Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Transfer Breeding for Herbicide Tolerance

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of screening for herbicide resistance in the early stage of rapes growth. [Methods] Eight treatments were set for a herbicide concentration experiment. [Results] Rape sprouts were highly sensitive to the herbicide glyphosate, and even a very low concentration of glyphosate solution(187 mg/L) was sufficient to kill most of the rape seedlings, while the genetically modified herbicide-tolerant rape could tolerate higher concentrations of the herbicide. Low concentrations of glyphosate could be used for screening at the sprout stage, and the results of herbicide-tolerance screening were consistent with PCR testing. [Conclusions] This study lays a technical and material foundation for accelerating the cultivation of new herbicide-resistant rape varieties suitable for rapeseed production areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The Pork Consumption Characteristics of Chinese Urban Residents： The Outlook for 2020

China has the highest pork consumption in the world. As incomes increase and the urbanization process accelerates, the consumption of pork by Chinese residents will continue to grow. This paper studies the proportion of the household pork consumption account and examines the use of apparent pork consumption as a bridge that links consumption and production. Based on the pork consumption of urban and rural residents from 2000 to 2012, combined with per capita income, the total population and the rate of urbanization, we can analyse China＇s market demand in the pork trade for 2020, which will be useful for countries who are interested in potential trade with China. The research shows two important findings： First, with the per capita income of urban residents increasing, their per capita pork consumption is also on the rise, and as increasing numbers of rural residents move to urban areas with the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban areas will be the most important pork market in the future. Secondly, the per capita pork consumption of rural residents will still be lower than that of urban residents in 2020, so there will be more room for growth in pork consumption in rural areas.

Application and challenges of RNA interference in reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells

RNA interference,widely regarded as a key mechanism for cells to regulate gene expression,is a natural gene silencing phenomenon.It can be used as the gene knockdown to reverse the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and has been applied in the field of biomedicine,exhibiting huge potential in drug target identification,optimization of drug targets,multidrug resistance,etc.This paper first introduces the mechanism of RNA interference and the formation mechanism of multidrug resistance of tumor cells,on the basis of which it reviews the application and challenges of RNA interference technology in reversing multidrug resistance.Additionally,the development of the siRNA delivery system is illustrated.

Analysis on ISSR Markers of Some Waxberry Cultivars in Jiangsu Province

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic relationship among waxberry （Myrica rubra Bieb. et Zucc） cultivars in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Eighteen waxberry cultivars （lines） in Jiangsu Province were analyzed using ISSR-PCR method, and molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using UPGNA method. [ Result ~ A total of 70 DNA fragments were amplified with nine screened primers, including 43 polymorphic fragments, accounting for 61.4% of the total number of amplified fragments; 18 waxberry cultivars （lines） were clustered into 6 categories with the genetic distance of 0. 14, indicating that there is partial isolation on the basis of gene exchange between waxberry cultivars （lines） in Jiangsu Province. [ Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for the protection and utilization of waxberry germplasm resources and cultivation of new varieties.