Determination of interface layer thickness of a pseudo two—phase system by extension of the Debye equation

The Debye equation with slit-smeared small angle x-ray scattering(SAXS) data is extended form an ideal two-phase system to a pseudo two-phase system with the presence of the interface layer,and a simple accurate solution is proposed to determine the average thickness of the interface layer in porous materials.This method is tested by experimental SAXS data,which were measured at 25℃,of organo-modified mesoporous silica prepared by condensation of tetraethoxysiland(TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane(MTES) using non-ionic neutral surfactant as template under neutral condition.

Dispersion and Structure Studies of Molybdenum Oxide on Anatase TiO_2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) were used to characterize the structure of the mixture of molybdenum oxide and anatase calcined at 723 K. The results indicate that molybdenum oxide can disperse onto the surface of anatase(TiO 2) and the dispersion threshold is 11.2 mg in per gram of MoO 3 or 4.8 Mo atoms/nm 2 TiO 2. When the content of MoO 3 is below the dispersion threshold, MoO 3 species is in highly dispersed state interacting strongly with TiO 2 support and in discrete tetrahedral coordination, [MoO 4], on the surface of TiO 2. When the MoO 3 loading is above this value, MoO 3 exists in both dispersed phase and crystalline phase. MoO 3 in dispersed phase is still a discrete [MoO 4] tetrahedron; MoO 3 in crystal phase is in octahedral coordination.

Fractals of Silica Aggregates

Silica aggregates were prepared by base-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxides in alcohol.Polyethylene glycol(PEG) was used as organic modifier.The sols were characterized using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) with synchrotron radiation as X-ray source.The structure evolution during the sol-gel process was determined and described in terms of the fractal geometry.As-produced silica aggregates were found to be mass fractals.The fractl dimensions spanned the regime 2.1-2.6 corresponding to more branched and compact structures.Both RLCA and Eden models dominated the kinetic growth under base-catalyzed condition.

Synchrotron X—Ray Study on Structures of Ni80Fe20／Cu Superlattices

We have shown that,in contrast to the results in the literature,the Bragg peak intensity of Ni80Fe20/Cu superlattices is enhanced at the incident x-ray energy slightly higher than the absorption edge of the heavier element(Cu).The atomic density at Ni80Fe20/Cu interface was analysed by the diffraction anomalous fine structure technology with the incident angle of x-ray fixed at the first Bragg peak.Our results demonstrate the epitaxy growth of Ni80Fe20/Cu superlattices.Upon annealing,the epitaxity of Ni80Fe20/Cu multilayers becomes poor but the local crystallinity in each layer is improved.

New type X—ray mask fabricated using inductvely coupled plasma deepetching

The fabrication of X-ray masks is a critical and challenging process in LIGA technique.As inductively coupled plasma(ICP) deepetching appears to be the most suitable source for deep silicon etching,we fabricated a new type X-ray mask using this technique.In comparison with other types of X-ray masks,the mask we fabricated has the advantages of its low cost and its simple fabrication process.Besired microstructures have also been fabricated using this new type X-ray mask in LIGA technique.

FTIR and EXAFS investigations of microstructures of gold solvent extraction：hydrogen bonding between modifier and Au（CN）2^—

The microstructures of loaded organic phases of three quaternary amine solvent extraction systems for gold,which were N263-xylene,N263-tributyl phosphate(TBP)-dodecane and N263-2 -ethylhexanol (isooctanol)-dodecane(N263-trialkylmethylammonium chloride;alkyl=C8-C10),were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and extended X-ray abso\rption fine structure(EXAFS) spectroscopy. According to the EXAFS results,it was found that the gold coordination environment was the same before and after extraction.However,the C≡N stretching vibrations of Au(CN)2-were also found to be different,In order to explain the differences in the IR characteristics of C≡N in the three extraction systems,three microstructure models are proposed.For the N263-xylene system,the model is a simple ion pair.For the other two systems with a modifier(TBP and isooctanol),the models are two supramolecular structues based on hydrogen bonding between the modifier and Au(CN)2^-.Some related work such as on the hydration of acetonitrile and the fine structure of C≡N in solid K Au(CN)2 was also performed in order to offer additional supporting evidence for the reliability of the proposed models.

EXAFS Studies of （Pb,Cd） 1212 phase superconductor and （Bi,Cd）1212 phase compound

We synthesized (Pb,Cd)Sr2(Y,Ca)Cu2O7+x,phase superconductor.After substitution of Pb with Bi,the BiCd1212 phase shows no superconductivity.Although previous EXAFS study has shown the local structure environment of the Cu is similar in both compounds,EXAFS results of Bi and Pb here demonstrate that σ2 of Pb-Oin-plane is larger than that of Bi-O inplane,whereas σ^2 of Pb-Oapical is smaller than that of Bi-O,wherase σ^2 of Pb-O apical is smaller than that of Bi-Oapical.The Sr shell features are also differnet,it appeared that superconductivity needs some disorder .in carrier reservoir layer,which is due to the substitutional defect caused by different ionic radii.

The effect of surface modification on femtosecond optical Kerr effect of PBS nanoparticles

PbS nanoparticles modified by a polymer (P-PbS) was prepared,and the transient nonlinear optical properties studied by femtosecond optical Kerr effect(OKE) spectroscopy for the first time.A very large nonlinear optical effect(X^(3)-5.6×10^-12esu) with response time comparable to the laser pulse(-165fs) was observed.Comparing with PbS nonoparticles stabilized with PVA and coated with sodium dodecyle benzene sulphonate(DBS).the optical nonlinearity of the PbS nanoparticles modified by the polymer is much larger than those of them.Thereafter.the corresponding nonlinearity mechanism was interpreted.