Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs.In this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films.This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite film.Furthermore,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization.As a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be achieved.The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved stability.This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

Constraining Isovector Nuclear Interactions with Giant Dipole Resonance and Neutron Skin in ^(208)Pb from a Bayesian Approach

The remaining uncertainties in relation to isovector nuclear interactions call for reliable experimental measurements of isovector probes in finite nuclei.Based on the Bayesian analysis,although neutron-skin thickness data or isovector giant dipole resonance data in ^(208)Pb can constrain only one isovector interaction parameter,correlations among other parameters can also be built.Using combined data for both the neutron-skin thickness and the isovector giant dipole resonance helps to significantly constrain all isovector interaction parameters;as such,it serves as a useful methodology for future research.

Advances in regenerative medicine applications of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based nanomaterials: an expert consensus recommendation

With the emergence of DNA nanotechnology in the 1980s, self-assembled DNA nanostructures have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to their inherent biocompatibility, unsurpassed programmability, and versatile functions. Especially promising nanostructures are tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(t FNAs), first proposed by Turberfield with the use of a one-step annealing approach. Benefiting from their various merits, such as simple synthesis, high reproducibility, structural stability, cellular internalization, tissue permeability, and editable functionality, t FNAs have been widely applied in the biomedical field as threedimensional DNA nanomaterials. Surprisingly, t FNAs exhibit positive effects on cellular biological behaviors and tissue regeneration,which may be used to treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases. According to their intended application and carrying capacity,t FNAs could carry functional nucleic acids or therapeutic molecules through extended sequences, sticky-end hybridization,intercalation, and encapsulation based on the Watson and Crick principle. Additionally, dynamic t FNAs also have potential applications in controlled and targeted therapies. This review summarized the latest progress in pure/modified/dynamic t FNAs and demonstrated their regenerative medicine applications. These applications include promoting the regeneration of the bone,cartilage, nerve, skin, vasculature, or muscle and treating diseases such as bone defects, neurological disorders, joint-related inflammatory diseases, periodontitis, and immune diseases.

Statistical Medical Pattern Recognition for Body Composition Data Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer

Identifying patterns,recognition systems,prediction methods,and detection methods is a major challenge in solving different medical issues.Few categories of devices for personal and professional assessment of body composition are available.Bioelectrical impedance analyzer is a simple,safe,affordable,mobile,non-invasive,and less expensive alternative device for body composition assessment.Identifying the body composition pattern of different groups with varying age and gender is a major challenge in defining an optimal level because of the body shape,body mass,energy requirements,physical fitness,health status,and metabolic profile.Thus,this research aims to identify the statistical medical pattern recognition of body composition data by using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer.In previous studies,a pattern was identified for four indicators that concern body composition(e.g.,body mass index(BMI),body fat,muscle mass,and total body water).The novelty of our study is the fact that we identified a recognition pattern by using medical statistical methods for a body composition that contains seven indicators(e.g.,body fat,visceral fat,BMI,muscle mass,skeletal muscle mass,sarcopenic index,and total body water).The youth that exhibited the body composition pattern identified in our study could be considered healthy.Every deviation of one or more parameters outside the margins of the pattern for body composition could be associated with health issues,and more medical investigations would be needed for a diagnosis.BIA is considered a valid and reliable device to assess body composition along with medical statistical methods to identify a pattern for body composition according to the age,gender,and other relevant parameters.

Advancing pathogen detection for airborne diseases

Airborne diseases including SARS,bird flu,and the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)have stimulated the demand for developing novel bioassay methods competent for early-stage diagnosis and large-scale screening.Here,we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the detection of infectious pathogens and discuss key challenges.We highlight the trend for next-generation technologies benefiting from multidisciplinary advances in microfabrication,nanotechnology and synthetic biology,which allow sensitive,rapid yet inexpensive pathogen assays with portable intelligent device.

Size-dependent cellular uptake and sustained drug release of PLGA particles

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid(PLGA)particles have become a commonly used drug delivery strategy in the pharmaceutical industry.In this work,we aim to investigate the size-dependent cellular internalization of PLGA particles and its effects on sustained drug release.We prepared three different-sized particles using PLGA(200,500 and 2000 nm)ranging from submicrometer to micrometer.Dexamethasone(DEX)with excellent anti-inflammatory properties was used as a model drug to prepare DEX-loaded PLGA particles(DPs).We comprehensively investigated the encapsulation efficiency,cellular uptake and in vitro drug release profile.Pharmacodynamic assessment revealed that,in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells model,500 nm DPs showed sustained anti-inflammatory efficacy.This work provides important information for designing PLGA-based drug delivery systems for biomedical applications.

DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Fabrication of Metal Nanomorphology

In recent decades,DNA nanotechnology has grown into a highly innovative and widely established field.DNA nanostructures have extraordinary structural programmability and can accurately organize nanoscale materials,especially in guiding the synthesis of metal nanomaterials,which have unique advantages in controlling the growth morphology of metal nanomaterials.This review started with the evolution in DNA nanotechnology and the types of DNA nanostructures.Next,a DNA-based nanofabrication technology,DNA metallization,was introduced.In this section,we systematically summarized the DNA-oriented synthesis of metal nanostructures with different morphologies and structures.Furthermore,the applications of metal nanostructures constructed from DNA templates in various fields including electronics,catalysis,sensing,and bioimaging were figured out.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of metal nanostructures formed under the morphology control by DNA nanotechnology were discussed.

Bioassay development for public health emergency

The outbreak of infectious diseases often arouses public health emergencies of international concern.During the past several decades,we have witnessed the outbreaks of various epidemics and pandemics,such as AIDS,Ebola,SARS,dengue,Zika,bird flu,and particularly the recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARSCoV-2.Bioassays have been generally regarded as the first defense for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Given the representative course of these diseases,bioassays against certain biomarkers are suitable for distinct stages of infection in diverse scenarios(Figure 1).However,the deployed bioassays still possess inherent limitations.Here,we briefly summarize the pros and cons of state-of-the-art bioassays for infectious diseases caused by pathogenic viruses and provide an outlook on the advances in the context of public health emergencies.