我国省际基本公共服务均等化程度评价研究

通过构建评价指标体系,对2001-2011年各省份基本公共服务供给水平进行了整体评估。研究发现,供给水平逐年提高,省际间均等化程度有所改善。经济发展水平、地方政府财政能力、城镇化率和五年规划纲要对公共服务指数有正向效应,人口密度和儿童抚养比与指数负相关。通过主元分析将观测值分成发展程度较高、中等和较低三类地区。政府要加快职能转变,深化财税体制改革,稳步推进城乡人口基本公共服务全覆盖。

变量间的网络分析模型及其应用

变量间的网络分析模型近年来被广泛应用于心理学研究。不同于将潜变量作为观测变量的共同先导因素的潜变量模型,网络分析模型将观测变量作为初级指标,采用图论的方法建立观测变量之间的关系网络,其中变量为网络的节点,而变量间的关系是节点之间的连线。因此网络分析可以突显观测变量之间的联系以及观测变量相互影响而形成的系统。通过变量网络中基于各个节点特征的指标(如中心性)以及基于整体结构特征的指标(如小世界性),网络分析为研究各种心理现象提供了新的可视化的描述方式和理解视角。近10年来,网络分析的方法已在人格心理学、社会心理学和临床心理学等领域得到一定的应用。未来研究应继续发展和完善网络分析模型的理论和方法,使之运用到更多的数据类型和更广的研究领域中。

Effect of NCPB and VSPL on pain and quality of life in chronic pancreatitis patients

AIM: To compare the effects of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) and videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy (VSPL) on pain and quality of life of chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients.METHODS: Forty-eight small duct CP patients were treated invasively with NCPB (n = 30) or VSPL (n = 18) in two non-randomized, prospective, case-controlled protocols due to chronic pain syndrome, and compared to a control group who were treated conservatively (n = 32). Visual analog scales were used to assess pain and opioid consumption rate was evaluated. In addition, the quality of life was measured using QLQ C-30 for NCPB and FACIT for VSPL.Although both questionnaires covered similar problems,they could not be compared directly one with another.Therefore, the studies were compared by meta-analysis methodology.RESULTS: Both procedures resulted in a significant positive effect on pain of CP patients. Opioids were withdrawn totally in 47.0% of NCPB and 36.4% of VSPL patients,and reduced in 53.0% and 45.4% of the respective patient groups. No reduction in opioid usage was observed in the control group. In addition, fatigue and emotional well-being showed improvements. Finally, NCPB demonstrated stronger positive effects on social support, which might possibly be attributed to earlier presentation of patients treated with NCPB.CONCLUSION: Both invasive pain treatment methods are effective in CP patients with chronic pain.

Attachment Styles are Related to ERPs Elicited to Angry Faces in an Oddball Paradigm

Attachment theory suggests that anxious attachment is associated with hypervigilance to threatening social stimuli, and avoidant attachment with avoidance or suppression of processing such stimuli. Twenty-five students viewed angry, fearful and neutral female faces in four visual oddball tasks, and completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale, and Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90. When the oddballs were angry faces in a background of neutral frequents, we found higher levels of autonomy and secure attachment to be related to larger N100 and smaller P300 amplitudes;higher levels of anxious attachment were, on the contrary, associated with smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes. Variation in attachment is related to approaching, or withdrawing from threatening stimuli, and ERP-techniques add to our understanding of how the attachment system actually works.

D型性格和糖尿病预测经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者抑郁症状的发生

Background: Depression is common in cardiac patients and has been associated with adverse clinical outcome. However, little is known about predictors of the onset of depressive symptoms. We examined predictors of the onset of depressive symptoms at 12 months post- percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients treated in the drug- eluting stent era. Methods: Unselected patients, free from depressive symptoms at 6 months with a depression score at 12 months treated with PCI with either drug- eluting or bare stent implantation as part of the RESEARCH registry qualified for inclusion in the current study. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 6 and 12 months and the Type D Personality Scale(DS14) at 6 months post- PCI. Six months was used as the baseline assessment. Results: Of 542 patients, 41(8% ) had developed significant depressive symptoms at 12 months. The occurrence of a new cardiac event between 6 and 12 months post- index event did not influence the incidence of depressive symptoms at 12 months. Depressive patients were more likely to have a type D personality(34% vs 16% , P=.003) and diabetes(24% vs 11% , P=.01) than nondepressive patients. Type D personality(odds ratio 3.04, 95% CI 1.50- 6.16) and diabetes(odds ratio 2.75, 95% CI 1.25- 6.05) were independent predictors of the onset of depressive symptoms 12 months post- PCI in adjusted analyses. In patients with neither risk factors(type D or diabetes), the incidence of depression was 5.1% with the incidence more than doubling to 13.2% and 30% for each additional risk factor. Conclusions: Type D personality and diabetes comprise risk factors for the onset of depressive symptoms post- PCI. In clinical practice, patients with these risk factors should be identified and considered for psychosocial intervention targeting depression to enhance secondary prevention.

具有D型性格的心力衰竭患者疏于就心力衰竭症状进行咨询

背景:自我管理和充足的咨询行为对于慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的成功治疗十分必要。具有D型性格的心力衰竭患者(特点是具有高度社会抑制性和消极情感)可能会在症状严重程度增加的情况下仍延误医疗咨询。

Understanding the individual with Alzheimer’s disease: Can socioemotional selectivity theory guide us?

Individuals often get lost behind the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while widespread differences between these patients are morecommon than similarities. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) suggests that as we age our goals change from future-oriented (acquiringnew information) to present-oriented (enhancing the emotional, especially positive, meaning of encounters). The goal of the current article is to examine whether the principles of SST might also apply for people with AD. Some aspects of SST are found especially in the early stages of AD when awareness is often intact and cognitive impairment is relatively limited. This review has clinical significance for the treatment of AD because it focuses on what is important to the individual rather than treating patients as a homogenous group. It also highlights the importance of social networks and emphasizes the role of the proxy in AD care. Lastly, it suggests that if those with AD (like the healthy elderly) have a positivity bias then positive emotional stimuli/wording/instructions could usefully be employed in their daily treatment. I suggest that SST may be a useful starting point when attempting to address what matters to individuals with AD and conclude by providing a few suggestions for future studies.

Does antioxidant therapy influence every aspect of quality of life?

To present problems that might severely impact the conclusions drawn by the authors of an article on antioxidant treatment in chronic pancreatitis(World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:4066-4071).We analyzed and discussed this paper by Shah et al,and found that promising as it is,this study has some methodological shortcomings,such as:cross-sectional nature of the study,lack of initial evaluations of quality of life and regular follow-ups to determine the dynamics and real directions of changes in quality of life.We therefore concluded that the results of the study by Shah et al are biased and,although very promising,should not be considered as scientifically relevant.

Extensive Medical Absenteeism among Secondary School Students: An Observational Study on Their Health Condition from a Biopsychosocial Perspective

An adequate approach to reducing school absenteeism should focus on medical absenteeism as this is the most prevalent form of school absenteeism. The objective of this study is to explore the health condition of pre-vocational secondary students with extensive medical absenteeism from a biopsychosocial perspective. Data were obtained from medical assessments and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) of students with medical absence above threshold criteria (i.e. reported sick four times in 12 school weeks or more than six consecutive school days) who were referred to a youth health care physician. The results showed that the students had a mean absence rate of 14% in 12 school weeks. Of all students, 43.5% had a diagnosed disease and 81.5% had problems such as physical complaints not yet diagnosed, psychosocial problems, lifestyle problems and sleeping difficulties. Four groups could be distinguished: 13.4% with a diagnosed disease and no problem, 30.1% with a diagnosed disease and a problem, 51.5% with a problem and no diagnosed disease and 5.1% without a diagnosed disease or problem. Significantly higher scores of the Total difficulties-scale on the SDQ were found (mean 10.5;SD 5.8) in the study group, compared to a reference group (mean 9.1;SD 4.9). In conclusion, this study shows that when using the aforementioned criteria for extensive medical absenteeism to intervene with the absence, students with a mean absence rate of 14% in 12 school weeks are identified. If there was a diagnosed disease, it was accompanied by problems about twice as often. More than half of the students’ absence was caused by problems rather than a disease. The great diversity of these problems calls for a personalized approach. A broad perspective, including medical expertise, is needed to distinguish between emerging mental and physical diseases, psychosocial and lifestyle problems.

Satisficing as an Account of Kuhnian Rationality

The lack of an account of rationality in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was a lacuna which Thomas Kuhn acutely felt. In this paper, I argue that Herbert Simon＇s notion of ＂satisficing＂ provides a formally well-developed and empirically well-established theory of rationality that fits well with Kuhn＇s general characterization of science. I start by considering two rival interpretations of the problem of Kuhnian rationality and introduce Simon＇s notion of satisficing. In Section 3, I show how satisficing can be used to interpret paradigm, change, rational theory-choice, relativism, and progress. On this account, Kuhnian scientists are not irrational. Rather they employ the same computational mechanism which allows humans to play chess.

The Role of Photographs and Time Lag on Positivity Ratings of Vaca­tion and Weekend Memories

Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time.Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed.Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events,we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead.The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories,regardless of whether these events are special,such as vacation memories,or more mundane,such as memories of the past weekend.

Perceptions of trust and power are associated with tax compliance:A cross-cultural study

The slippery slope framework(SSF)of tax compliance postulates that taxpayers’compliance behaviour depends on the two dimensions:trust in authorities and power of authorities.In an attempt to overcome common-method biases,the present study tests the main assumptions of the SSF with a sample of 44 countries/regions.Country/region-level trust and power indices are calculated based on experimental data involving 14,509 participants and related to shadow economy estimates and–as an alternative indicator of non-compliance–corruption indices.The results indicate that both trust and power are negatively related to the size of the shadow economy and the extent of corruption.These results emphasise the importance of both SSF dimensions in combating tax evasion and counterproductive behaviour within a society in general.

Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors:Subtype-Specific Findings and Proposal for Brain Network-Informed Evaluations

The increasing number of long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors requires us to incorporate the most recent knowledge derived from cognitive neuroscience into their oncological treatment.As the lesion itself,as well as each treatment,can cause specific neural damage,the long-term neurocognitive outcomes are highly complex and challenging to assess.The number of neurocognitive studies in this population grows exponentially worldwide,motivating modern neuroscience to provide guidance in follow-up before,during and after treatment.In this review,we provide an overview of structural and functional brain connectomes and their role in the neuropsychological outcomes of specific brain tumor types.Based on this information,we propose a theoretical neuroscientific framework to apply appropriate neuropsychological and imaging follow-up for future clinical care and rehabilitation trials.

资本结构对企业绩效影响的新证据——基于产品市场竞争程度的研究

本文基于2000~2013年中国上市公司的数据,系统考察产品市场竞争程度、资本结构对企业绩效的影响,并基于中国制度环境、资本结构分类,研究不同行业中资本结构与企业绩效的互动关系。结果表明：考虑产品市场竞争程度的差异,不同类型的资本结构对不同所有制企业绩效的影响不尽相同;伴随着产品市场竞争程度的提高,资本结构对企业绩效的影响有扩增效果;基于行业视角的分析表明不同负债比率在不同行业的影响也存在显著差异。

手势与言语的关系论——兼谈对认知语言学的启示

传统观点认为,手势是言语的辅助系统,其目的主要在于帮助说话者提取词汇或弥补言语表达的不足。McNeill(1992)率先提出手势与言语关系的理论,认为手势与言语同步产生于同一认知系统;手势不仅有助于言语的理解,同时也能揭示言语之外的隐含意义,展现了说话者的思维。此外,de Ruiter(2000),Kita和zyürek(2003)提出了手势除了交际还有认知功能,并且手势的产出受到语言特性的影响等重要观点。本文对阐释手势与言语关系的主要理论进行评介,并提出在认知语言学的框架下,手势作为一种模态能够提供一种新的研究视角,以期对我国心理语言学领域以及语言习得领域的研究有所帮助。

中国是否存在“资源诅咒”

本文利用中国95个地级市或地级以上城市的横截面数据研究了"资源诅咒"假说在中国是否成立的问题。检验结果表明,当以人均概念衡量自然资源丰裕程度时,自然资源的丰裕程度与经济增长之间并无显著的负相关关系,"资源诅咒"假说在中国城市层面上不成立。通过设置反映资源丰裕程度的省级虚拟变量,在控制了各种影响经济增长的长期因素以后,我们仍然发现资源丰裕城市对省内其他城市存在正向的"溢出"效应。通过对传导途径的进一步分析,我们发现资源丰裕城市可以显著促进省内其他城市的工业化进程。

FAIR Equivalency with Regulatory Framework for Digital Health in Uganda

This study explores the possibility of opening a policy window for the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines—that data be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable(FAIR)—in Uganda’s e Health sector. Although the FAIR Guidelines were not mentioned in any of the policy documents relevant to Uganda’s e Health sector, the study found that 83% of the documents mentioned FAIR Equivalent efforts, such as the adoption of the National Identification Number(NIN) as a unique identifier in Uganda’s national Electronic Health Management Information System(e HMIS)(findability), the planned/ongoing integration of various information systems(interoperability), and the alignment of various projects with international best practices/standards(reusability). A FAIR Equivalency Score(FE-Score), devised in this study as an aggregate score of the mention of the equivalent of FAIR facets in the policy documents, showed that the documents at the core of Uganda’s digital health/e Health policy have the highest score of all the documents analysed, indicating that there is a degree of alignment between Uganda’s National e Health Vision and the FAIR Guidelines. Therefore, it can be concluded that favourable conditions exist for the adoption and implementation of the FAIR Guidelines in Uganda’s e Health sector. Hence, it is recommended that the FAIR community adopt a capacity building strategy through organisations with a worldwide mandate, such as the World Health Organization, to promote the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines as part of international best practices.

Towards the Tipping Point for FAIR Implementation

This article explores the global implementation of the FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific management and data stewardship,which provide that data should be findable,accessible,interoperable and reusable.The implementation of these principles is designed to lead to the stewardship of data as FAIR digital objects and the establishment of the Internet of FAIR Data and Services(IFDS).If implementation reaches a tipping point,IFDS has the potential to revolutionize how data is managed by making machine and human readable data discoverable for reuse.Accordingly,this article examines the expansion of the implementation of FAIR Guiding Principles,especially how and in which geographies(locations)and areas(topic domains)implementation is taking place.A literature review of academic articles published between 2016 and 2019 on the use of FAIR Guiding Principles is presented.The investigation also includes an analysis of the domains in the IFDS Implementation Networks(INs).Its uptake has been mainly in the Western hemisphere.The investigation found that implementation of FAIR Guiding Principles has taken firm hold in the domain of bio and natural sciences.To achieve a tipping point for FAIR implementation,it is now time to ensure the inclusion of non-European ascendants and of other scientific domains.Apart from equal opportunity and genuine global partnership issues,a permanent European bias poses challenges with regard to the representativeness and validity of data and could limit the potential of IFDS to reach across continental boundaries.The article concludes that,despite efforts to be inclusive,acceptance of the FAIR Guiding Principles and IFDS in different scientific communities is limited and there is a need to act now to prevent dampening of the momentum in the development and implementation of the IFDS.It is further concluded that policy entrepreneurs and the GO FAIR INs may contribute to making the FAIR Guiding Principles more flexible in including different research epistemologies,especially through its GO CHANGE pillar.

Agenda Setting on FAIR Guidelines in the European Union and the Role of Expert Committees

The FAIR Guidelines were conceptualised and coined as guidelines for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable(FAIR) data at a conference held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden in 2014. A relatively short period of time after this conference, the FAIR Guidelines made it onto the public policy agenda of the European Union. Following the concept of Kingdon, policy entrepreneurs played a critical role in creating a policy window for this idea to reach the agenda by linking it to the policy of establishing a European Open Science Cloud(EOSC). Tracing the development from idea to policy, this study highlights the critical role that expert committees play in the European Union. The permeability of the complex governance structure is increased by these committees, which allow experts to link up with the institutions and use the committees to launch new ideas. The High Level Expert Groups on the EOSC provided the platform from which the FAIR Guidelines were launched, and this culminated in the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines as a requirement for all European-funded science. As a result, the FAIR Guidelines have become an obligatory part of data management in European-funded research in 2020 and are now followed by other funders worldwide.