汉语中英语外来语规范研究

本文根据外来语进入汉语的输入方式和翻译分类,借用认知语言学的心理认知模式,研究如何规范英语外来语在汉语中的应用。另外,本文在英语外来语的起源和发展的基础上,从语音规范、语义规范、语用规范这三个层面,探讨英语外来语的文化内涵、造词理据和认知模式。

面向城市交通噪声控制的树种筛选与种植策略

植物降噪是一种减碳且低成本的降噪方式,可有效改善城市声环境。然而现存植物降噪影响因素与预测模型主要集中在植物群落层面,忽略了树种间差异在不同频率噪声控制过程中的重要作用,难以满足城市交通噪声有效防控的需求。基于此,该研究以植物树干为切入点,提出一种量化树干与树皮粗糙度的方法,针对交通噪声频谱特征系统测量13种树种的吸收作用,并模拟降噪效果。研究首先测得树干吸声系数的频谱特征,确定了树干主要吸声频率范围与交通噪声频率分布具备较好的一致性;其次,从树种视角分析视觉因素与测试获取因素两个层面对树干吸声效果有影响的主要因素;最后,通过模拟对比分析15 m宽植物带种植不同树种的降噪效果,发现相差∼0.9 dBA,证明了种植吸声系数高的树种对交通噪声控制的有效性。以期从树形、树干吸声效果、树种生长速度以及种植方式等方面,提出应对城市交通噪声污染的树种筛选依据与设计策略。

快餐广告语言景观论析

本文对广告语言景观中肯德基、麦当劳和赛百味的快餐广告牌进行语言学分析,探讨其语言运用策略。研究重点在于文体特征、礼貌理论及语言模式在广告中的应用。结果表明,这些广告广泛运用了头韵、隐喻和平行结构等表达技巧,以增强广告文本的吸引力和记忆性。同时,礼貌语言和“面子”概念被用来提升品牌形象,但也存在不礼貌表达的情况。此外,广告通过删除、扭曲和概括等语言模式影响潜意识,从而规避有意识的抵抗。此分析为理解快餐广告中的语言策略及其对消费者行为的影响提供了新的视角。

基于CNN-LSTM网络的道路交通事故严重程度致因分析

为了探寻交通事故严重程度的主要致因,本文提出了1种利用CN N-LSTM神经网络的交通事故致因分析方法,可分析多种因素对事故严重程度的作用效果,并针对较强的影响因素提出改善的策略.以“U S-Accidents”公开数据集进行验证.研究结果表明①CN N-LSTM网络能在事故的多项影响因素中分析出事故主要致因;②根据分析结果可知:能见度、高峰小时、工作日节假日和停车标志附近这几种因素是事故严重程度的主要致因.结论:本文所提出的方法能较为准确的分析出事故的主要影响致因,针对这些致因,在交通设施规划以及管理控制上做出改善能有效的降低城市道路的事故严重程度,提升道路交通安全,促进城市的发展.

Nanozyme‑Engineered Hydrogels for Anti‑Inflammation and Skin Regeneration

Inflammatory skin disorders can cause chronic scarring and functional impairments,posing a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system.Conventional therapies,such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,are limited in efficacy and associated with adverse effects.Recently,nanozyme(NZ)-based hydrogels have shown great promise in addressing these challenges.NZ-based hydrogels possess unique therapeutic abilities by combining the therapeutic benefits of redox nanomaterials with enzymatic activity and the water-retaining capacity of hydrogels.The multifaceted therapeutic effects of these hydrogels include scavenging reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory mediators modulating immune responses toward a pro-regenerative environment and enhancing regenerative potential by triggering cell migration and differentiation.This review highlights the current state of the art in NZ-engineered hydrogels(NZ@hydrogels)for anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration applications.It also discusses the underlying chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms behind their effectiveness.Additionally,the challenges and future directions in this ground,particularly their clinical translation,are addressed.The insights provided in this review can aid in the design and engineering of novel NZ-based hydrogels,offering new possibilities for targeted and personalized skin-care therapies.

Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body parts.Damage resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor deficits.Nerve injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and researchers.Despite their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

Targeting muscle to treat Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT)is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy causing muscle weakness/wasting and sensory dysfunction predominantly in limb extremities.CMT patients display gait abnormalities,foot deformities,loss of sensation and decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes,with motor symptoms usually being more prominent than sensory.

Hepatolithiasis:Epidemiology,presentation,classification and management of a complex disease

The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary parasites.In the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has increased.The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Various classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for treatment.The management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious complications.This comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.

秦始皇帝陵兵马俑一号坑木炭遗存的分析研究

秦始皇帝陵中部分大型陪葬坑遭到过不同程度焚毁,保留有大量炭化木质遗迹。此次研究从其中已发掘面积最大、包含炭化木质遗迹最多的兵马俑一号坑采集了381份木炭样品,开展了非解剖学特征观察及树种鉴定工作,在此基础上对一号坑中的木材利用规律及其指示意义进行了探讨。结果表明,一号坑中木材的选择根据用途的不同有所区别,其驱动因素不仅包括材性和使用目的,也与文化因素及植被条件在人类活动影响下的变化有关。此外,这些木材可能来自于同一山区,气候较为适宜,在低海拔区域应当具备温暖潮湿的气候特征,降水充足,山区高程需较高,高海拔山区气候凉润且雨量较多。

教育文化史的更新与新视角

教育文化史在某种程度上是一个为人熟知,却又有待更新的研究领域,它作为教育史甚至文化史的一种类型尚未得到广泛的认可。尽管仍然存在保留和反对的声音,但是,最近出版的六卷本《布鲁姆斯伯里教育文化史》为该领域提供了一个新的起点。教育文化史的概念虽然历经变迁,但仍有一些核心问题需要从整体上加以探讨。已故的劳伦斯·克雷明作为该领域先驱的定位问题依然存在争议,从西方视角出发,可以发现一些悬而未决的问题,这些问题可能由于文化背景的差异而以不同的方式呈现出来。但无论如何,教育文化史应成为教育史研究的关键主题。教育文化史有助于将教育史的范围从“学校和学校教育”,扩展到“理解知识与文化如何进行代际传递”。基于教育文化史的视角,往往能够突出时间的连续性,以及实践、价值观和思想的韧性,有望为教育史提供一种连贯且综合的形式,并构建出可以连接不同时代的总体概念框架。

Liver transplantation and liver resection as alternative treatments for primary hepatobiliary and secondary liver tumors: Competitors or allies?

Although Starzl designed in the 1960’s liver transplantation(LT)to treat unresectable primary and also secondary liver tumors,transplantation still occupies a(too)small place in the respective therapeutic algorithms[1].Due to the lack of(any)selection criteria,the concept of transplantation became rapidly challenged because of the prohibitively high incidence of tumor recurrence[1–3].

色彩在动画空间叙事中的应用及优化策略探究

色彩作为动画创作中的重要视觉元素,不仅赋予作品以独特的视觉风格,更在叙事过程中起到关键作用。动画空间叙事中的色彩应用通过对场景、角色、情感和叙事节奏的塑造,有效增强了观众的沉浸感和情感共鸣。本研究旨在探讨色彩在动画空间叙事中的具体应用,分析其在角色塑造、情感传递、空间建构和节奏控制等方面的作用,并提出相应的优化策略。最后以具体的案例分析,展示这些策略在经典动画中的成功运用,进而为未来动画创作提供有益的参考。

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics missions.Of these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global mapping.LEM’s strength is its spectral resolution.It will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

Utilisation of green urban space for food sufficiency and the realisation of the sustainable development goals-UK stakeholders perspective

The exponential growth of food demand due to the increasing global population has the potential to seriously threaten the quality and quantity of food supplies due to climate change.This study explores the utilisation of green urban spaces for achieving food self-sufficiency by investigating the extent to which sustainable urban farms could be used to reduce the consumption of imported produce in the UK.It also examines urban farming stakeholders'perspective on how food self-sufficiency can help realise the SDGs especially SDG 2(Zero hunger)and SDG 13(Climate action).The study adopts a mixed method approach through a survey with 115 respondents and semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 respondents from 4 different urban farming stakeholder groups.The findings of this study presented a strong correlation between stakeholders who had concerns about where their food came from and the carbon footprint of imported produce.The research shows that,urban farms will no doubt play a vital role in the future of food security in our cities/communities and that the SDGs could be realised through sustainable urban farms implemented within the relevant planning regulations/policies.

Correlative spatter and vapour depression dynamics during laser powder bed fusion of an Al-Fe-Zr alloy

Spatter during laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)can induce surface defects,impacting the fatigue performance of the fabricated components.Here,we reveal and explain the links between vapour depression shape and spatter dynamics during LPBF of an Al-Fe-Zr aluminium alloy using high-speed synchrotron x-ray imaging.We quantify the number,trajectory angle,velocity,and kinetic energy of the spatter as a function of vapour depression zone/keyhole morphology under industry-relevant processing conditions.The depression zone/keyhole morphology was found to influence the spatter ejection angle in keyhole versus conduction melting modes:(i)the vapour-pressure driven plume in conduction mode with a quasi-semi-circular depression zone leads to backward spatter whereas;and(ii)the keyhole rear wall redirects the gas/vapour flow to cause vertical spatter ejection and rear rim droplet spatter.Increasing the opening of the keyhole or vapour depression zone can reduce entrainment of solid spatter.We discover a spatter-induced cavity mechanism in which small spatter particles are accelerated towards the powder bed after laser-spatter interaction,inducing powder denudation and cavities on the printed surface.By quantifying these laser-spatter interactions,we suggest a printing strategy for minimising defects and improving the surface quality of LPBF parts.

Portal hypertension in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Current knowledge and challenges

Portal hypertension(PH)has traditionally been observed as a consequence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,recent studies have provided evidence that PH may develop in earlier stages of NAFLD,suggesting that there are additional pathogenetic mechanisms at work in addition to liver fibrosis.The early development of PH in NAFLD is associated with hepatocellular lipid accumulation and ballooning,leading to the compression of liver sinusoids.External compression and intraluminal obstacles cause mechanical forces such as strain,shear stress and elevated hydrostatic pressure that in turn activate mechanotransduction pathways,resulting in endothelial dysfunction and the development of fibrosis.The spatial distribution of histological and functional changes in the periportal and perisinusoidal areas of the liver lobule are considered responsible for the pre-sinusoidal component of PH in patients with NAFLD.Thus,current diagnostic methods such as hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)measurement tend to underestimate portal pressure(PP)in NAFLD patients,who might decompensate below the HVPG threshold of 10 mmHg,which is traditionally considered the most relevant indicator of clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH).This creates further challenges in finding a reliable diagnostic method to stratify the prognostic risk in this population of patients.In theory,the measurement of the portal pressure gradient guided by endoscopic ultrasound might overcome the limitations of HVPG measurement by avoiding the influence of the pre-sinusoidal component,but more investigations are needed to test its clinical utility for this indication.Liver and spleen stiffness measurement in combination with platelet count is currently the best-validated non-invasive approach for diagnosing CSPH and varices needing treatment.Lifestyle change remains the cornerstone of the treatment of PH in NAFLD,together with correcting the components of metabolic syndrome,using nonselective beta blockers,whereas emerging candidate drugs require more robust confirmation from clinical trials.

我国自然保护区内有机污染的来源和分布规律

有机污染物在我国自然保护区内已广泛分布于大气、水体(包括沉积物)和土壤等环境介质中,并沿食物网积累,但目前相关研究较为分散。通过对29篇我国自然保护区有机污染相关报道进行整理和归纳,发现如下规律:在污染来源上,大气是最常见的输入途径,而临近保护区的人为活动则导致污染物在点源或小范围面源的高浓度污染;在污染分布上,相比于沉积物和生物,大气、水体和土壤中的污染浓度受和污染源之间距离的影响较小。因此,尽管一些保护区的污染已得到有效控制,新兴有机污染物的在多种介质内的分布和迁移仍然亟待重视,且相关研究数量较少,说明该领域仍需更多关注。

家族企业代际传承和风险承担水平

论文以2007-2020年中国上市家族企业作为研究样本,考察了代际传承对公司风险承担的影响。研究发现,代际传承事件会削弱企业风险承担,且经过稳健性检验后结论依旧成立;进一步研究发现,良好的内部控制能够正向缓解二者之间的负向关系。论文对我国家族企业建立和完善现代企业制度,实现高质量持续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

Pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services warrant provision for support from a specialist diabetes team

Pancreatic surgery units undertake several complex operations,albeit with consi-derable morbidity and mortality,as is the case for the management of complicated acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis.The centralisation of pancreatic surgery services,with the development of designated large-volume centres,has contribu-ted to significantly improved outcomes.In this editorial,we discuss the complex associations between diabetes mellitus(DM)and pancreatic/periampullary disease in the context of pancreatic surgery and overall management of complex pancreatitis,highlighting the consequential needs and the indispensable role of specialist diabetes teams in support of tertiary pancreatic services.Type 3c pan-creatogenic DM,refers to DM developing in the setting of exocrine pancreatic disease,and its identification and management can be challenging,while the glycaemic control of such patients may affect their course of treatment and outcome.Adequate preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identification of patients who are likely to need commencement or escalation of glucose lowering therapy in the postoperative period.The incidence of new onset diabetes after pancreatic resection is widely variable in the literature,and depends on the type and extent of pancreatic resection,as is the case with pancreatic parenchymal loss in the context of severe pancreatitis.Early involvement of a specialist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic management.In the current era,large volume pancreatic surgery services commonly abide by the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery,with inclusion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glycaemic control,to improve outcomes.While various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM,auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted deficiencies in the perioperative management of diabetic patients and areas of required improvement.The need for perioperative support of diabetic patients by specialist diabetes teams is uniformly underlined,a fact that becomes clearly more prominent at all different stages in the setting of pancreatic surgery and the management of complex pancreatitis.Therefore,pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services must be designed with a provision for support from specialist diabetes teams.With the ongoing accumulation of evidence,it would be reasonable to consider the design of specific guidelines for the glycaemic management of these patients.

Biofabrication and biomanufacturing in Ireland and the UK

As we navigate the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth Industrial Revolution,the emerging fields of biomanufacturing and biofabrication are transforming life sciences and healthcare.These sectors are benefiting from a synergy of synthetic and engineering biology,sustainable manufacturing,and integrated design principles.Advanced techniques such as 3D bioprinting,tissue engineering,directed assembly,and self-assembly are instrumental in creating biomimetic scaffolds,tissues,organoids,medical devices,and biohybrid systems.The field of biofabrication in the United Kingdom and Ireland is emerging as a pivotal force in bioscience and healthcare,propelled by cutting-edge research and development.Concentrating on the production of biologically functional products for use in drug delivery,in vitro models,and tissue engineering,research institutions across these regions are dedicated to innovating healthcare solutions that adhere to ethical standards while prioritising sustainability,affordability,and healthcare system benefits.