Recent advances in Pt catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies fabrication for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been identified as a highly promising means of achieving sustainable energy conversion.A crucial factor in enhancing the performance of PEMFCs for further potential energy applications is the advancement in the field of catalyst engineering that has led to remarkable performance enhancement in facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Subsequently,it is important to acknowledge that the techniques used in preparation of membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs),the vital constituents of PEMFCs,also possess direct and critical influence on exhibiting the full catalytic activity of meticulously crafted catalysts.Here,a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in Pt catalysts for ORR was offered and their underly catalytic mechanism were discussed.Then,both laboratory-scale and industrial-scale MEA fabrication techniques of Pt catalysts were summarized.Furthermore,a detailed analysis of the connections between materials,process,and performance in MEA fabrication was presented in order to facilitate the development of optimal catalyst layers.

Activation methods and underlying performance boosting mechanisms within fuel cell catalyst layer

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely acknowledged as a significant advancement in achieving sustainable energy conversion.However,the activation of newly established Pt-ionomer interfaces in the catalyst layer of PEMFCs can be a time-consuming and costly process to ensure proper coupling and performance.In order to gain valuable insights into this crucial activation process,we have conducted a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the commonly employed on-line(such as current or voltage control activation,short-circuiting activation,and air interruption activation)and off-line(including boiling or steaming,acidtreatment,and ultrasonic-treatment)activation methods.Our findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to enhanced performance within the catalyst layer,such as the reduction of Pt oxides and hydroxides,improved proton transport,and the reduction of“dead”regions.Moreover,this review emphasizes the significant challenges and future opportunities that lie in further enhancing the performance within the catalyst layer through the activation process.