New Records for GASTROPODA Class of Species Found in the Rocky Intertidal Zone of the Marine Priority Region 32,Guerrero,Mexico

The GASTROPODA class, one of the best known marine environments, is formed by a large number of species and the shape of their shell structure varies greatly. These mollusks are distributed from the intertidal zone all the way to the abyssal zone, and there are also swimming and floating species. This research was conducted at seven sites, located in the Marina Priority Region 32 (MPR 32), located in the State of Guerrero, Mexico. The aim of this report is to document the scope of the geographic distribution of the 34 species of GASTROPODA class. 11,263 total specimens were analyzed. 108 species were identified, of which four species are new records for Mexico, 15 for the Transitional Mexican Pacific, 11 for the State of Guerrero and four for the MPR 32. Here we report a significant number of new records of species of class GASTROPODA found on the rocky intertidal zone of the MPR 32. The reporting of these new records, demonstrates the need to focus research efforts on the study of marine diversity, since knowledge in this respect is quite incomplete, especially regarding marine mollusks, a fact that has been reported by the National Commission for the Management and Use of Biodiversity.

Formation of MEVEZUG Pure Ovino Reproducers in Tierra Caliente Guerrero,Mexico

The objective of the present work was to obtain pure ovine reproducers.Starting 2010 work began with the sheep herd of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero,located in the municipality of Pungarabato,Guerrero State,México.The faculty is 250 meters above sea level.The climate of the region is warm subhumid,with average temperature between 24 and 30°C,but in the heat season maximum temperatures up to 46°down in the shade.The rainfall regimen is 800-1,200 mm of rainfall per year.The production of sheep in Mexico is characterized mainly by creole animals and crosses are made with pure breeds imported from several European countries and USA.Therefore,there is a need to form local breeds adapted to the climatic conditions and production systems of Mexico.The sheep herd initially had 100 animal of hair,with 70 sheep with their lambs and a reproducer.These animals had phenotype Pelibuey,Black Belly,Doper and Katahdin.As of May 2010,consanguineous crosses were established.During this period the parameters were registered:date and type of birth,weight and sex of the newborn.Data on BW(Birth Weight)of males and females were analyzed by ANOVA(Analysis of Variance)and multiple comparison test was used for the comparison of means(Duncan,1955),with a significance level of P<0.05.The first reproducer was brown tobacco and had antlers,and the females had different phenotypes.Up to the present time,there are twenty studs with their respective descendants,and year 2019 the herd has 100 animals light brown and tobacco with their lambs(30),and a reproducer.The sheep are of medium size with 45 and 60 kg of average weight in females and male,respectively.Out of a total of 326 females and 335 males born,with an average weight of 2.62 kg at birth and a proliferative index of 1.41,20 MEVEZUG males were selected to be used as reproducers in 20 herds distributed in different sheep production units of the state of Guerrero.From the crosses of these breeders to the females of these herds,F1 animals(MEVEZUG×Criollo)are obtained.The sheep of different color to light brown or tobacco are discarded for the supply;the males are fed for the fodder in native meadows with irrigation with 95.17±19.45 g of daily gain of weight.In 2016,the trademark MEVEZUG was registered.It is concluded that to date the color of the breed has been fixed in females and males,which is light brown and tobacco brown,the registered productive indexes are acceptable and work will be continued to improve size and productive indexes,through selection of the best sheep.

Mollusk Species Richness on the Rocky Shores of the State of Guerrero, Mexico, as Affected by Rains and Their Geographical Distribution

Natural processes in ecosystems shows significant variations in species richness with regular cycles that can be altered by natural or anthropogenic activities;the present research was in order to understand on some of these variations. The objectives were: 1) determine the species richness of rocky intertidal mollusks;2) track their geographical distribution at State level;and 3) determine the changes in species richness as a result of rainfall on an annual cycle. For these purposes it was sampled in March, June, September and December 2005, the sampled area was 20 m2for each collecting site;the sampling unit was a PVC rectangle frame one by two meter per side. The mollusks found within the sampling units were collected, identified and counted. The species distribution was analyzed by sites and regions, considered species richness per season, and the distributional patterns by rainy season historical records. A total of 62 mollusks species were found, its richness associated with substrate stability and wave intensity on each site, Gastropods had the highest species richness. When analyzing the regional distribution and sites, it was found a pattern of species richness roughly constant in the proportion of species with wide distribution (generalists) versus those of restricted spatial representation (specialists). Gastropods had the highest number of species with restricted spatial representation. Seasonal rainfall differences did not quantitatively altered on the overall the species of mollusks in the rocky intertidal sampled zone however, in the analysis per Class, Gastropoda indicated changes in species richness influenced by rainfall, which were not observed in Bivalvia and Polyplacophora, suggesting that those changes might depend on adaptive processes or the lack of adaptation of gastropod species to the characteristics of the rocky intertidal habitat.

Environmental Deterioration of the Tecomate Coastal Lagoon, in the Guerrero State, Mexico

An exhaustive field study was undertaken between November 2011 and August 2012, with the aim to know the causes of the environmental deterioration of the Tecomate Lagoon, in the Guerrero state, Mexico. Data of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity parameters and depth of the lagoon were interpolated using the Kriging geostatistical method to generate a prediction surface. The lagoon registered a great variation in its saline concentration, which ranged from 8.0 to 65.0 ppt, with the lowest values in November 2011 and the highest at May 2012. The great variability in the salinity throughout the year contributed in significant form to the lagoon’s instability. An average water temperature of 32?C and dissolved oxygen levels of 4.49 to 7.44 mg/L were recorded. The low depth registered in the lagoon (mean = 1 m), is related to fluvial and marine processes, both of which modify depth through the transport of sediment to its interior. Currently, fishing is scarce, with the mangrove forest in some areas in a process of deterioration due to a lack of moisture. The lagoon system is undergoing a process of environmental deterioration, with an advanced ecological succession and non-aquatic vegetable species colonizing the area surrounding the lagoon.

Environmental Deterioration of the Tecomate Coastal Lagoon, in the Guerrero State, Mexico

An exhaustive field study was undertaken between November 2011 and August 2012, with the aim to know the causes of the environmental deterioration of the Tecomate Lagoon, in the Guerrero state, Mexico. Data of temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity parameters and depth of the lagoon were interpolated using the Kriging geostatistical method to generate a prediction surface. The lagoon registered a great variation in its saline concentration, which ranged from 8.0 to 65.0 ppt, with the lowest values in November 2011 and the highest at May 2012. The great variability in the salinity throughout the year contributed in significant form to the lagoon’s instability. An average water temperature of 32?C and dissolved oxygen levels of 4.49 to 7.44 mg/L were recorded. The low depth registered in the lagoon (mean = 1 m), is related to fluvial and marine processes, both of which modify depth through the transport of sediment to its interior. Currently, fishing is scarce, with the mangrove forest in some areas in a process of deterioration due to a lack of moisture. The lagoon system is undergoing a process of environmental deterioration, with an advanced ecological succession and non-aquatic vegetable species colonizing the area surrounding the lagoon.

Density,Sex Ratio,Size,Weight,and Recruitment of Plicopurpura pansa(Gastropoda:Muricidae)in Costa Chica,Guerrero,Mexico

Plicopurpura pansa is a cultural resource with economic importance since ink can be extracted from it to dye clothes. This snail inhabits the rocky intertidal zone of Mexican Pacific, is found attached to rocks in crevices and holes. The objective was to analyze the P. pansa population structure in Costa Chica of the State of Guerrero based in density, sex ratio, size and weight, besides to realize observations on mating and recruitment, for which quarterly sampling was made during an annual cycle in three beaches. The density was 4.83 snails/m2. Sex ratio ranged from 0.76:1.00 to 1.00: 0.96 (F:M). Average size was 20.91 mm. The best represented sizes in females were from 10.5 to 28.5 mm and in males 13.5 to 28.5 mm. Averaged weight was 1.99 g, females showed a coefficient of variation in weight of 96.53%. Recruitment occurred for the entire year. In December 2006 and September 2007 a larger frequency of recruits was shown. Sex ratio showed a 1:1 tendency. Snail population was characterized by being small sized and in high densities. Weight variations in females were found related to their reproductive cycle.

Parasite Communities of the Pacific Mole Crab,Emerita rathbunae(Anomura:Hippidae),in Sandy Beaches from Guerrero and Michoacan,Mexico

The species composition and infection levels were determined for helminth parasites in the mole crab, Emerita rathbunae, collected from seven sandy beaches from Guerrero and Michoacán, México. A total of 494 crabs were collected between August and December of 2009. The number of crabs that were examined from each beach varied from 40 in Lázaro Cárdenas to 114 in El Revolcadero. The cephalothorax length varied significantly between the sampled beaches, from 32.9 ± 5.5 mm (Ixtapa) to 40.5 ±1.7 mm(Las Trancas). Four species of larval parasites were identified: 1 metacercaria (Microphallus nicolli), 1 cystacanth (Profilicollis sp.), 1 cestode (Trypanorhyncha) and 1 nematode (Proleptus sp.). Infection levels (prevalence and mean abundance) varied significantly between beaches, due to possible differences in the availability of final or intermediate hosts in beaches visited by tourist and those beaches not visited by tourists, as well as the size of individual hosts. Helminth communities, at levels of component and infracommunity, were characterized by a low number of species (3 to 4) and a high dominance by the metacercaria of M. nicolli. The body size of the hosts was positively correlated with the number of parasites and species richness of helminths, indicating that larger crabs accumulate a higher number of parasites during the lifetime, and that they harbor a higher number of species of helminth than smaller crabs.

Diversity, Distribution and Composition of the Bivalvia Class on the Rocky Intertidal Zone of Marine Priority Region 32, Mexico

The Bivalvia Class, is widely represented in marine ecosystems and is economically important;this research focused on this class and was carried out by sampling the rocky intertidal zone of seven sites located in the Marina Region Priority No. 32, Guerrero, Mexico, where the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity reported lack of knowledge on marine species living there. The objectives were to examine species richness associated with the rocky intertidal zone, determine how the community is composed by the representation of families based on species richness and abundance, know the distribution of the species, analyze the structure sizes of populations and estimate the diversity index. Sampling was conducted at seven sites;the sampling unit was one square meter and the sampling area was 10 m2. 32 species were identified. Four species are new records for the Mexican Pacific Transitional: one for the state of Guerrero and one for Marine Priority Region 32. Arcidae and Mytilidae Families were better represented in species richness and Chamidae Family was the best represented in abundance. Chama coralloides was considered to be the representative species of the area;Striostrea prismatica showed the greatest size. The diversity index was estimated (H' = 3.65 bits/individuals). Species richness is high and corresponds to that expected in a tropical area.

Shade coffee plantations maintain woody plant diversity and structure in a cloud forest landscape of southern Mexico

Cloud forest ecosystems of the Latin American tropics are highly threatened by changes in land-use such as expanding croplands and livestock pastures that promote shifts in the structure and composition of plant communities in these forests.However,shade coffee plantations represent a forest management alternative that has been shown to maintain biodiversity in these ecosystems.In this study,we evaluated changes in the composition,diversity,and structure of Mexican cloud-forest woody species for three land use categories:cattle pastures,shade coffee plantations and advanced succession forests.For each category,fifteen 0.28-ha plots were established and the composition and diversity of vegetation was noted.Composition of species was analyzed using ordination methods,and alpha diversity was compared using Hill numbers.Seventy-seven woody species belonging to 40 families were recorded.Species richness and diversity was high in both the advanced successional forest and coffee plantations compared to cattle pastures.Vegetation composition and structure was similar between late succession forests and coffee plantations with both land uses also being more structurally complex than cattle pastures.Our results show how shade coffee cultivation is a land-use activity that maintains woody plant communities in a manner that aligns with biodiversity conservation.

Scholz’s Third Conjecture: A Demonstration for Star Addition Chains

This paper presents a brief demonstration of Scholz’s third conjecture [1] for n numbers such that their minimum chain addition is star type [2]. The demonstration is based on the proposal of an algorithm that takes as input the star-adding chain of a number n, and returns a string in addition to x = 2n - 1??of length equal to l (n) + n - 1. As for any type addition chain star of a number n, this chain is minimal demonstrates the Scholz’s third Conjecture for such numbers.

Stem Population and Tissue Replacement of <i>Urochloa</i>in Different Phenological Stages

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the Urochloa Insurgent, Piata and Signal grasses by varying the phenology in the attributes: stem population dynamics, tissue replacement, leaf:stem relation and weight per stem. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized block design with arrangement in divided plots and four replications, the procedure used was PROC GLM from SAS. The Signal grass presented higher stem density with an average of 450 m?2 stems, while the meadow with Insurgent grass registered the lowest stem density throughout the investigation, with an average of 320 m-2 stems;furthermore, in this treatment, the stem density tended to increase slowly over time (P = 0.05). The Insurgente and signal grasses showed rapid leaf elongation from day 21 of regrowth with 123 and 104 cm stem?1, while in Piata the accelerated leaf elongation was on day 14 with 113 cm stem?1 where it remained active its growth until day 56 (P > 0.05). As the regrowth age was increasing, the population dynamics of stems and weight per stem were increasing;in Insurgent and signal the leaf elongation and net growth increased to a maximum point to start declining;however, in Piata grass was increasing without decreasing. The trend of the leaf:stem relation was decreasing as the test progressed and senescence increased from day 21 of regrowth.

Sperm Quality in Holstein Bulls Friesian and Brahmans of Frozen Semen Commercially

The aim of this study was to assess sperm quality (motility, viability and acrosomal integrity) sperm from commercially frozen semen straws two breeds of bulls Bos taurus (holstein Frisian) and Bos indicus (Brahman). 9 commercial straws 0.5 ml of Holstein bull semen and 9 Brahman bull were thawed, they were kept for two hours at room temperature and motility, viability and acrosomal integrity (NAR) was assessed. The results were 30% motility, viability 40% and 30% of NAR in the Holstein breed. Brahma race for motility 40%, 50% and 40% viability was obtained NAR. In conclusion, according to the results of the variables analyzed, the Brahman breed in sperm quality was better than the Holstein breed;however, the results of both races meet minimum standards of quality sperm for use in artificial insemination (AI) field level.

The Conidae Family (Snails Producers of Poisons) Associated with the Rocky Intertidal Zone of Acapulco, Mexico

Acapulco, Mexico has a coastline of 62 km where large areas of rocky substrate inhabited by organisms such as the GASTROPODA Class can be found. Conidae (Fleming, 1822) Family is among the members of this Class, which has been poorly studied in the Mexican Pacific, despite their biomedical potential. This research was carried out in the rocky intertidal of nine sites in Acapulco. The objectives were: 1) Prepare an inventory of species associated with rocky intertidal of Conidae family, 2) examine the composition of the family based on two criteria: a) species richness and b) abundance, 3) determine the geographical distribution and 4) analyze the size composition. The unit sampled was 1 m2 and the sampled area was 10 m2 persite. A total of 97 organisms were analyzed, corresponding to two subfamilies, five genera and five species. The Puncticuliinae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2009) subfamily had higher species richness, abundance and frequency of occurrence. The most abundant and most common species were Harmoniconus nux (Broderip, 1833) and Gladioconus gladiator (Broderip, 1833) both showed regular distribution. The size structure found for Conidae family is similar to what has been reported in other research. For the first time G. gladiator is being reported for the state of Guerrero.

Linking Local Appreciation with Conservation of an Edible Fruit Species: The Case Study of Ilama (<i>Annona diversifolia</i>Saff.) in Tierra Caliente, Mexico

The ilama tree (Annona diversifolia Saff.) is an underutilized fruit species from Mesoamerica with a noteworthy variability in southern Mexico. The present study describes differences in knowledge and appreciation of the fruit among inhabitants from different communities in Southern Mexico, as well as differences among their ilama trees. The study took place in Tierra Caliente, a region located in the states of Guerrero and the State of Mexico. Interviews were administered in three different communities as an attempt to associate the natural morphologic variation of plants and locals’ knowledge and use of the tree in order to identify their implications for conservation. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis, and the results suggest that the morphological variation of the plants and the commercial importance of ilama are well known by locals. Indigenous community inhabitants prefer and select only white pulp trees, whereas mestizo communities promote and conserve plants with white, red, purple, and blue pulp. Germplasm flow is dynamic in the region, and ilama fruit represents a different economic value for each community. Selling the fruit is the primary goal, but not specifically its conservation and promotion. Implications for in situ conservation of ilama in Mexico are discussed.

Temporal Variation of the Pelagic Copepod Community in Acapulco Bay, México

Between September 2009 and April 2010, superficial samples of plankton were collected in Acapulco Bay, using 150-μm mesh net, with the objective of studying the temporal variation in the abundance, species composition of the copepod community, and their relationship with some environmental parameters. Twenty-nine species of four orders were identified: 11 of Calanoida, 4 of Cyclopoida, 3 of Harpacticoida and 11 of Poecilostomatoida. A multivariate analysis (PCA) used to detect association between the abundance of copepod populations, and the environmental conditions through time, indicates a marked effect of the temperature and salinity parameters, on the abundance of the four copepod groups. The calanoids dominated numerically during most of the sampling months. The more important copepods genus were Corycaeus (7 species), andOithona (4 species). Nevertheless that the abundance of all copepod groups was affected temporarily by variations in the environmental conditions, the species composition inside the copepods community remained very stable.

Temporal Variation in Composition and Abundance of Phytoplankton Species during 2011 and 2012 in Acapulco Bay,Mexico

Phytoplankton samples were collected in Acapulco Bay during 2011 (January-April and September) and 2012 (April-July, October, and November) with the objective of determining the abundance and species composition. Samples were collected in two stations located in the bay. A total of 82 species were identified: 42 dinoflagellates, 35 diatoms, three cyanobacteria, and two silicoflagellates. Dinoflagellates were more abundant in the dry season, while diatoms dominated during rainy season. At least seven dinoflagellate species were recorded as potentially toxic, which may increase their populations and turn into harmful algal blooms (HABs) if environmental conditions within the bay are modified. In April 2012 a HAB of the non-toxic species Neoceratium balechii was documented.

Nutrimental diagnosis of avocado(Persea americana Mill.)“Haas”,soil fertility and water quality in Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico

In two contrasting agricultural ecohabitats (agrohabitats) in the avocado production area in the municipality of Cuernavaca, Morelos, an analysis of nutrimental status, soil fertility and water quality was conducted to measure soil fertility levels and to determine the nutrimental state of the trees. The “Hass” variety avocado groves studied had an average age of 8 years;the first grove was planted in an acrisol soil (1700 to 1900 meters above mean sea level [mamsl]);the second, in an andosol soil (1200 to 1700 mamsl). In each agrohabitat, tests were performed to determine the soil’s physical and chemical characteristics. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soils of this zone differ as do the nutrimental states of the avocado trees in the two agrohabitats. The trees showed excessive concentration of Ca, Fe, S, Z and Mg. The indices of Deviation from Optimal Percentage (DOP) in the two agrohabitats showed different nutrimental requirements;nevertheless, they were low and very near to zero, 14.218 and 13.350 respectively. The water used for the agricultural irrigation was low in salinity and sodium content and thus may be used for the agricultural irrigation without restrictions.

Integral Representation Formulas Related to the Lamé–Navier System

The paper provides integral representations for solutions to a certain first order partial differential equation natural arising in the factorization of the Lamé–Navier system with the help of Clifford analysis techniques.These representations look like in spirit to the Borel–Pompeiu and Cauchy integral formulas both in three and higher dimensional setting.

On the Differential Polynomial of a Graph

We introduce the differential polynomial of a graph. The differential polynomial of a graph G of order n is the polynomial B(G; x) :=∑?(G)k=-nB_k(G) x^(n+k), where B_k(G) denotes the number of vertex subsets of G with differential equal to k. We state some properties of B(G;x) and its coefficients.In particular, we compute the differential polynomial for complete, empty, path, cycle, wheel and double star graphs. We also establish some relationships between B(G; x) and the differential polynomials of graphs which result by removing, adding, and subdividing an edge from G.

Communities and service providers address access to perinatal care in postconflict Northern Uganda:socialising evidence for participatory action

Objectives Describe participatory codesign of interventions to improve access to perinatal care services in Northern Uganda.Study design Mixed-methods participatory research to codesign increased access to perinatal care.Fuzzy cognitive mapping,focus groups and a household survey identified and documented the extent of obstructions to access.Deliberative dialogue focused stakeholder discussions of this evidence to address the obstacles to access.Most significant change stories explored the participant experience of this process.Setting Three parishes in Nwoya district in the Gulu region,Northern Uganda.Participants Purposively sampled groups of women,men,female youth,male youth,community health workers,traditional midwives and service providers.Each of seven stakeholder categories included 5-8 participants in each of three parishes.Results Stakeholders identified several obstructions to accessing perinatal care:lack of savings in preparation for childbirth in facility costs,lack of male support and poor service provider attitudes.They suggested joining saving groups,practising saving money and income generation to address the short-term financial shortfall.They recommended increasing spousal awareness of perinatal care and they proposed improving service provider attitudes.Participants described their own improved care-seeking behaviour and patient-provider relationships as short-term gains of the codesign.Conclusion Participatory service improvement is feasible and acceptable in postconflict settings like Northern Uganda.Engaging communities in identifying perinatal service delivery issues and reflecting on local evidence about these issues generate workable community-led solutions and increases trust between community members and service providers.