Multiple Indicators&Multiple Cause of Public Administration of Zoos in the Sustainable Development Goals

Zoo management has been approached from its financial guidelines in accordance with the SDGs,but without considering its adjustment to the SDGs.Therefore,the objective of this work was to compare the theoretical structure reported in the literature with respect to the observations of this work.A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out with a sample of administrative managers linked to zoos committed to the implementation of the SDGs.The results suggest that age and gender determine the financial factor.In relation to the state of the art where dimensions related to learning financial administration are reported,this work suggests that age is a determinant of social responsibility.

Thermoluminescence Response and Its Deconvolution on Crystalline Higher Order Mixtures of Alkali Halides Exposed to Gamma-Rays for Dosimetric Use

Alkali halides crystals have been the subject of intense research. High order crystalline one phase mixtures （high order： more that binary） studied by TL （thermoluminiscence technique） proved having persistent peaks along the time after the radiation to which they are exposed. In general in alkali halide crystals the traps associated with highest recorded temperature peaks in the TL due to radiation damage have greater permanence in time too. These features are useful for dosimetric applications. In this work, temperature thermoluminescence glow peaks of ternary and quaternary mixed alkali halide crystals have been studied. The study has been focused on their high temperature glow peaks after being subjected to thermal treatments at 373, 573, and 673 K. The glow peaks of high temperature were isolated and studied 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. The parameters of the recombination processes associated to these peaks were obtained using a glow peak shape method. Orders of kinetics were higher than 1.0 and the activation energy greater than 1.2 eV. The results suggest that such materials have a high potential as dosimeter and energy storage materials.

Synthesis and Characterization of GaN Rods Prepared by Ammono-Chemical Vapor Deposition

GaN rods were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto sapphire (0 0 0 1) and amorphous quartz. The reactive Ga species in vapor the phase was formed with NH4Cl and gallium. The unidirectional growth was catalyzed with gold nanoparticles formed onto the substrate prior to the CVD reaction in order to induce a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. However, this method of synthesis seems to be influenced by other growth mechanisms which formed additional depositions of GaN with different morphology than the rods catalyzed by gold nanoparticles. The moieties of GaN that grew in the absence of gold formed branches in the rods or increased the lateral growth of rods resulting in larger diameters than the size of the gold particle that guided the growth.

A thick-disk galaxy model and simulations of equal-mass galaxy pair collisions

We implement a numerical model reported in the literature to simulate the evolution of a galaxy composed of four matter components,such as:a dark-matter halo;a rotating disk of stars;a spherical bulge of stars and a ring of molecular gas.We show that the evolution of this galaxy model is stable at least for 10 Gyr(Gyr=109 years).We characterize the resulting configuration of this galaxy model by figures of the circular velocity and angular momentum distribution;the tangential and radial components of the velocity;the peak density evolution and the radial density profile.Additionally,we calculate several models of equal-mass galaxy binary collisions,such as:(i)frontal and(ii)oblique(with an impact parameter),(iii)two models with initial conditions taken from a 2-body orbit and(iv)a very close passage.To allow comparison with the galaxy model,we characterize the dynamics of the collision models in an analogous way.Finally,we determine the de Vaucouleurs fitting curves of the radial density profile,on a radial scale of 0–100 kpc,for all the collision models irrespective of the pre-collision trajectory.To study the radial mass density and radial surface density profiles at a smaller radial scale,0–20 kpc,we use a four-parameter fitting curve.

Empirical formulae to describe some physical properties of small groups of protogalaxies with multiplicity

By means of identical cubic elements,we generate a partition of a volume in which a particle-based cosmological simulation is carried out.In each cubic element,we determine the gas particles with a normalized density greater than an arbitrarily chosen density threshold.By using a proximity parameter,we calculate the neighboring cubic elements and generate a list of neighbors.By imposing dynamic conditions on the gas particles,we identify gas clumps and their neighbors,so that we calculate and fit some properties of the groups so identified,including the mass,size and velocity dispersion,in terms of their multiplicity(here defined simply as the number of member galaxies).Finally,we report the value of the ratio of kinetic energy to gravitational energy of such dense gas clumps,which will be useful as initial conditions in simulations of gravitational collapse of gas clouds and clusters of gas clouds.

Simulations of Colliding Uniform Density H2 Clouds

In this paper we present a set of numerical simulations designed to study the interaction process of HII molecular clouds. For the initial conditions we assume head-on and oblique collisions of binary identical clouds placedadjacent to one another, with their surfaces just in contact. The colliding initial clouds are uniform density molecular gas spheres with rigid body rotation. The cloud initial conditions are chosen to favor its gravitational collapse as an isolated system. To study the effect of the self-gravity of the cloud in the collision process, we consider several models in which the approaching speed of the colliding clouds increases from zero up to several times the initial sound speed of the barotropic gas. We present the outcome of these collision models for several values of the impact parameter b, which depends on the initial radius of the cloud. We have explored the parameter space of the approaching velocity Vapp of the colliding clouds for configurations that may result in seeds for the formation of more complex systems. Such systems are expected to include filaments and gas clumps, where the star formation process is still possible despite the occurrence of the collision. We show hereby that collisions may have a major and favorable influence on the star formation process.

Vapor Phase Decarbonylation of Furfural to Furan over Nickel Supported on SBA-15 Silica Catalysts

Vapor-phase transformations of furfural over SBA-15 silica supported Ni catalysts under H2 in a continuous-flow reactor at atmospheric pressure and 170°C and 230°C were investigated. Two different samples having Ni loadings of 5 and 20 wt% (denoted here by SBA-5Ni and SBA-20Ni, respectively) were prepared by impregnation and characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, N2 sorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Furan and furfuryl alcohol were two primary products resulting, respectively, from decarbonylation and hydrogenation of furfural. Under the conditions of the study, both reactions exhibited structure sensitivity evidenced by changes in product selectivities with variable Ni loadings. Compared with SBA-20Ni, the 5 wt% Ni catalyst showed better catalytic activity, reaching a furfural conversion of 100 mol% and a selectivity to furan of 98 mol%, after 5 h of time-on-stream at 230°C.

Health Risk Assessment in Children by Arsenic and Mercury Pollution of Groundwater in a Mining Area in Sonora, Mexico

A highly acidic spill from one of the most important copper mines in the Americas (Buenavista del Cobre) occurred in Sonora, Mexico in August, 2014. 40,000 m3 of metals-enriched sulphate solution escaped into the Sonora River representing the worst ecological disaster in Mexican history. The spill affected the economy, water accessibility and the health of residents near the river. Despite the economic importance of mining in this area, no environmental assessment was undertaken. There is no information about the health impact of this event on the local population. The study assesses the health risk among children exposed to arsenic and mercury via groundwater in five communities located in a mining area into the Sonora River Basin, Mexico. Local drinking water from the localities was sampled one year after the spill and it was analyzed for arsenic and mercury by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry coupled with Hydride Generation (AAS/HG). Further, some of the traditional local foods were sampled and analyzed for the same elements. Results indicate that levels of arsenic in drinking water did not exceed the Mexican Norm (25 μg As/L) or the EPA Guideline (10 μg As/L). The concentrations of mercury exceeded the WHO and Mexican Legislation value (1.0 μg Hg/L). The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for arsenic were >1 in 42% of children exposed and for mercury in 67% of the children. Foods concentrations contained in the ranges of 9.2 to 62.0 μg As/Kg and 0.28 to 42 μg Hg/Kg for arsenic and mercury respectively. These values are below the Codex Alimentarius limits. Children affected by mining activities are at risk of developing chronic diseases associated with low arsenic and mercury exposure via groundwater consumption, without consideration of the contribution from these metals by other important exposures routes.

Using Cartesian Slice Plots of a Cosmological Simulation as Input of a Convolutional Neural Network

Using a uniform partitioning of cubic cells,we cover the total volume of aΛCDM cosmological simulation based on particles.We define a visualization cell as a spatial extension of the cubic cell,so that we collect all simulation particles contained in this visualization cell to create a series of Cartesian plots in which the overdensity of matter is clearly visible.We then use these plots as input to a convolutional neural network(CNN)based on the Keras library and TensorFlow for image classification.To assign a class to each plot,we approximate the Hessian of the gravitational potential in the center of the cubic cells.Each selected cubic cell is then assigned a label of 1,2 or 3,depending on the number of positive eigenvalues obtained for the Householder reduction of the Hessian matrix.We apply the CNN to several models,including two models with different visualization volumes,one with a cell size of type L(large)and the other with a cell type S(small).A third model combines the plots of the previous L and S cell types.So far,we have mainly considered a slice parallel to the XY plane to make the plots.The last model is considered based on visualizations of cells that also include slices parallel to the ZX and ZY planes.We find that the accuracy in classification plots is acceptable,and the ability of the models to predict the class works well.These results allow us to demonstrate the aim of this paper,namely that the usual Cartesian plots contain enough information to identify the observed structures of the cosmic web.

University Corporate Governance in the Literature From 2019 to 2024

Anti-pandemic policies impacted the governance of Higher Education Institutions(HEIs)through confinement and distancing strategies.Such an impact was observed in the identity,reputation,and image of the HEI in the face of the health crisis.The objective of this work was to establish an empirical contrast between the theoretical structure consulted regarding the evaluations of summaries published from 2019 to 2024 by judges.A documentary,cross-sectional,and retrospective study was carried out with a sample of sources indexed in international repositories.The results demonstrate that image and age regulate the impact of identity and income on reputation.In relation to the state of the art,it is recommended to extend the study to sociocultural,demographic,economic,and educational variables in order to anticipate the transition from university governance to corporate governance.

Mobility Habitus in the Literature From 2020 to 2024

The objective of the present work is modeling the mobility habitus in the public transport system with low Co2 emission mechanics in the center of Mexico.In this sense,a documentary work was carried out with a review of sources indexed to national repositories,using the Delphi technique for the content analysis and the specification of the model.A study was conducted with a selection of 100 students to establish the reliability,linearity,sphericity,adequacy,and validity of an instrument from which a relationship of dependence between income and mobility habitus was observed.The limits of the search,selection,and processing of information are recognized,and it is recommended to extend the research to international repositories,as well as to employ a more sophisticated technique.

The Nikola Tesla Constant and Its Relation to the Circumference Inscribed in a Square

This research work relates the surface of a square and the area circumscribed by a circle, resulting in a value called Nikola Tesla constant. This constant starts with the calculation of the areas of the square and the inscribed circle, giving a ratio of 9/40 and from which a residual area of the area proportions of the geometric figures described is obtained. Plotting smooth curves, particularly those in round shapes, can be represented efficiently with the use of Nikola Tesla constant, reducing complex mathematical calculus.

Distribution and Relation of Primes with Tesla Numbers 3, 6, and 9

This work presents a different approach to twin primes, an approach from the perspective of the Tesla numbers and gives a refresh and new observation of twin primes that could lead us to an answer to the Twin Prime Conjecture problem. We expose a peculiar relation between twin primes and the generation of prime numbers with Tesla numbers. Tesla numbers seem to be present in so many domains like time, vibration and frequency [1], and the space between twin primes is not the exception. Let us say that twin primes are more than just prime numbers plus 2 or minus 2, and Tesla numbers are more involved with twin primes than we think, and hopefully, this approach give us a better understanding of the distribution of the twin pairs.

Lignin in storage and renewable energy applications： A review

Lignin is a cheap, abundant and non-toxic group of complex phenolic polymers obtained in large amounts from the papermaking and cellulosic biofuel industries. Although the application of lignin has been ex- plored in these and several more industries, there are limited applications of lignin in the energy industry. However, numerous research revealed a great interest in the exploration of this renewable biopolymer in storage energy devices. Some of these applications include the use of lignin as an expander for lead-acid batteries, electrodes for primary and rechargeable batteries, electrodes for electronic double layer capac- itors and electrochemical pseudocapacitors, and to feed different types of fuel cells. The use of lignin in energy storage devices improves not only the performance of these devices but also decreases the price and toxicity, contributing to obtaining greener energy devices. Based on the above, this review provides an overview of the main research work related to the use of lignin as a renewable component, suitable to replace some synthetic and toxic compounds used in the fabrication of energy storage devices with particular emphasis on batteries, advanced supercapacitors, and solar and fuel cells.

KCl:Eu^(2+) as a solar UV-C radiation dosimeter. Optically stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence analyses

The KCI：Eu2＋ system response to UV-C was investigated by analyzing the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and ther- mo-luminescence （TL） signal produced by ultraviolet light exposure at room temperature. It was found that after UV-C irra.diation, OSL was produced on a wide band of visible wavelengths with decay time that varied by several orders of magnitude depending on the Eu2＋ aggregation state. In spite of the low intensity of solar UV-C reaching the Earth＇s surface in Madrid （40° N, 700 m a.s.1.）, it was possible to measure the UV-C radiation dose at 6：48 solar time by using the TL response of the KCI：Eu2＋ system and differentiate it from the ambient beta radiation dose.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Wollastonite Biocomposites, Produced by an Alternative Sol-Gel Route

Hydroxyapatite is a type of calcium phosphate-based material with great interest for biomedical applications, due to the chemical similarity between this material and the mineral part of human bone. However, synthetic hydroxyapatite is essentially brittle;the practice indicates that the use of hydroxyapatite without additives for implant production is not efficient, due to its low strength parameters. In the present work, biocomposites of hydroxyapatite-wollastonite were synthesized by an alternative sol-gel route, using calcium nitrate and ammonium phosphate as precursors of hydroxyapatite, and high purity natural wollastonite was added in ratios of 20, 50 and 80 percent by weight immersed in aqueous medium. Formation of hydroxyapatite occurs at a relatively low temperature of about 350?C, while the wollastonite remains unreacted. After that, these biocomposites were sintered at 1200?C for 5 h to produce dense materials. The characterization techniques demonstrated the presence of hydroxyapatite and wollastonite as unique phases in all products.

Effect of Copper and Iron on Acidogenic Biomass in an Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper and iron on acidogenic biomass immobilized on clinoptilolite in an anaerobic packed bed reactor. Copper and iron were fed to the reactor at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg&middotL-1, respectively. Both metal ions had insignificant inhibitory effect over the metabolism of the biomass, specifically, on substrate consumption and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The microstructural characterization of the biofilm by Scanning Electron Microscopy showed no effect on the morphology of the microorganisms after the metals treatment. Copper and iron removal was also measured in the reactor, achieving a breakthrough time of 3 days, during which removal efficiencies were higher than 90%. It was also observed that the biomass had a greater affinity for copper. The results indicate that acidogenic biomass can be used effectively as a sorbent agent. The pollution of river-streams with heavy metals—mainly copper and iron—was one of the most compelling motivations for conducting this investigation. The San Pedro River Basin, a trans-boundary river that originates near the mining town of Cananea, Sonora, México, and flows to Arizona, USA, exemplifies this environmental issue.

Nature of the Quantum Potential

In this paper we suggested a natural interpretation of the de Broglie-Bohm quantum potential, as the energy due to the oscillating electromagnetic field (virtual photon) coupled with moving charged particle. Generalization of the Schr&oumldinger equation is obtained. The wave function is shown to be the eigenfunction of the Sturm-Liouville problem in which we expand virtual photon to include it implicitly into consideration. It is shown that the non-locality of quantum mechanics is related only with virtual photon. As an example, the zero-energy of harmonic oscillator is obtained from classical equations.

Contribution of Major Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants from Papaya Fruit to Total Antioxidant Capacity

Several studies have shown that phenolic and carotenoid compounds protect against oxidative stress, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. The objective of this research was to determine the individual contribution of the main phenolic compounds from the papaya fruit skin and the individual contribution of main carotenoids from the pulp for total antioxidant capacity at four ripening stages;and the individual and combined radical scavenging ability used the essays DPPH (radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) and ABTS (radical 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulphonic acid). Phenolic acids standards for this study were ferulic (FA), caffeic (CA) and p-coumaric (pCA) acids and carotenoids studied were Lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. The phenol that showed the best DPPH· and ABTS·+ radical scavenging ability was CA, with 89.47% and 92.98%, respectively. Lycopene contributed the greatest to the TAC (11.9-43.2). Lycopene also showed the best DPPH· and ABTS ·+ radical scavenging ability with 62.12% and 94.26%, respectively. Antiradical ability of phenolics and carotenoids depended on the structure of the compound and its concentration.

Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of α and β Wollastonite Bioceramics Soaked in a Simulated Body Fluid

Dense natural wollastonite bioceramics (CaSiO3) were prepared by a sintering method, varying the pressing load and sintering temperature, in order to obtain different phases of wollastonite, and different physical properties in the materials. The products were characterized by TGA-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, TEM and XPS techniques. The results indicate the presence of two polymorphic phases of wollastonite, the β-wollastonite and α-wollastonite with a transition temperature of the β phase to α phase at approximately 1250℃. These materials were soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) during 1, 2 and 3 weeks, to study their solubility and bioactivity. The effect of different wollastonite phases on the solubility of Ca and Si, as well as the capacity of producing layers of “newly formed apatite” on the surfaces of these materials in SBF solution were analyzed.