Lifestyle Habits and Dietary Diversity among Medical Students at Université Gaston Berger (UGB) of Saint-Louis in 2023

Introduction: At university, habits, particularly eating habits, can negatively impact well-being. This study aimed to describe lifestyle habits and dietary diversity among medical students. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study, carried out at the UFR 2S of the University Gaston Berger from May 23 to June 3, 2023. The collection tool focused on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and dietary diversity. Statistical analyzes were carried out using R software. Results: A total of 471 students participated in this study. Which corresponds to a participation rate of 89.2% with a M/F sex ratio of 1.66. The age of participants, varying from 18 to 32 years, had a median of 23 years and a mean of 22.4 years with a standard deviation of 2.2 years. Among the participants, 67.2% skipped breakfast, and 28.5% did not practice any physical sports activity. Alcohol and tobacco were consumed by 2.5% and 0.6% of participants, respectively. The most consumed foods were starchy foods (97.5% of men and 98.4% of women);and the least consumed were dark green leafy vegetables (21.9% of men and 15.1% of women) and offal (16.9% of men and 11.9% of women). The dietary diversity score was low for 31.9% of men and 28.7% of women. Conclusion: Certain lifestyle habits (skipping breakfast, dining late at night, lack of sports practice) of Medicine students at UGB can prove deleterious to their well-being. These students are at risk of developing several deficiencies in terms of food groups that are underrepresented in their diet. Awareness sessions on good lifestyle habits and diet would be relevant recommendations for improving the health of these students.

Adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation: The experience of the Université catholique de Louvain

Background: Liver transplantation is the treatment for end-stage liver diseases and well-selected malignancies. The allograft shortage may be alleviated with living donation. The initial UCLouvain experience of adult living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is presented. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 64 adult-to-adult LDLTs performed at our institution between 1998 and 2016 was conducted. The median age of 29(45.3%) females and 35(54.7%) males was 50.2 years(interquartile range, IQR 32.9–57.5). Twenty-two(34.4%) recipients had no portal hypertension. Three(4.7%) patients had a benign and 33(51.6%) a malignant tumor [19(29.7%) hepatocellular cancer, 11(17.2%) secondary cancer and one(1.6%) each hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma and embryonal liver sarcoma]. Median donor and recipient follow-ups were 93 months(IQR 41–159) and 39 months(22–91), respectively. Results: Right and left hemi-livers were implanted in 39(60.9%) and 25(39.1%) cases, respectively. Median weights of right-and left-liver were 810 g(IQR 730–940) and 454 g(IQR 394–534), respectively. Graft-to-recipient weight ratios(GRWRs) were 1.17%(right, IQR 0.98%-1.4%) and 0.77%(left, 0.59%-0.95%). One-and five-year patient survivals were 85% and 71%(right) vs. 84% and 58%(left), respectively. Oneand five-year graft survivals were 74% and 61%(right) vs. 76% and 53%(left), respectively. The patient and graft survival of right and left grafts and of very small( < 0.6%), small(0.6%–0.79%) and large( ≥0.8%) GRWR were similar. Survival of very small grafts was 86% and 86% at 3-and 12-month. No donor died while five(7.8%) developed a Clavien–Dindo complication IIIa, IIIb or IV. Recipient morbidity consisted mainly of biliary and vascular complications; three(4.7%) recipients developed a small-for-size syndrome according to the Kyushu criteria. Conclusions: Adult-to-adult LDLT is a demanding procedure that widens therapeutic possibilities of many hepatobiliary diseases. The donor procedure can be done safely with low morbidity. The recipient operation carries a major morbidity indicating an important learning curve. Shifting the risk from the donor to the recipient, by moving from the larger right-liver to the smaller left-liver grafts, should be further explored as this policy makes donor hepatectomy safer and may stimulate the development of transplant oncology.

Symphyseal Disjunction after Dystocic Vaginal Delivery: About Two Cases at the SourôSanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (CHUSS)

Diastasis of the symphysis pubis is a rare postpartum complication. We report two cases of symphysis diastasis after dystocic delivery, in two patients who presented in the postpartum period with functional impotence, pubalgia and acute urine retention. A frontal radiograph of the pelvis confirmed the diagnosis, showing a symphyseal separation of 12 mm and 18 mm. In our case, management was mainly medical, with a favorable clinical outcome.

Obstetric Emergencies at the Kara University Hospital Maternity Ward: Sociodemographic, Etiological and Prognostic Aspects

Introduction: Obstetric emergencies are common throughout the world and more particularly in developing countries where they are responsible for high maternal-fetal mortality and morbidity. Objective: Study obstetric emergencies in the maternity ward of Kara University Hospital. Method: Retrospective and descriptive study from April 1, 2022 to March 30, 2023, carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Kara University Hospital. Results: Eight hundred and thirty-five (835) obstetric emergencies were recorded out of 2215 admissions, i.e. a frequency of 37.7%. The average age of the patients was 26.7 with a range of 14 and 45 years. They were primigravidas (36.7%) and nulliparous (38.7%), referred (84.7%) and came from rural areas (72%). Emergencies occurred in the 3rd trimester in 74.1% and in parturients (54.1%). Preeclampsia (27%), cessation of progression of labor due to feto-pelvic disproportion (12.4%), postpartum hemorrhage (7.5%) constituted the main obstetric emergencies. In 44.8%, the delivery was carried out vaginally. Magnesium sulfate was the most used drug, i.e. 30.1%;followed by antihypertensive medications in 28.1%. Blood transfusion was performed in 24.3%. The evolution was simple in 90.9%. The maternal fatality rate was 1.6%. The perinatal case fatality rate was 12.3%. Conclusion: Obstetric emergencies are common, dominated by preeclampsia, stopping progress of labor and postpartum hemorrhages. They are responsible for high morbidity and mortality.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among University Students in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Introduction: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that remains a real public health problem in Africa. Students represent a group at risk for this disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate among students in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A systematic search of databases (PubMed, AJOL) and a manual search of Google Scholar was conducted to retrieve all published studies reporting hepatitis B vaccination coverage among students in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled coverage rate was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 35 studies were included and included 20,520 students. The mean age was 22.1 ± 5.1 years with a predominance of female sex (sex ratio F/M = 1.05). The vaccination coverage rate was 28.8% [95% CI: 22.9% - 34.7%]. Disaggregation allowed to estimate coverage rates of 29.8% [95% CI: 22.9% - 36.7%], 23.4% [95% CI: 9.4% - 37.4%] and 17.0% [95% CI: 14.4% - 19.5%] respectively in West Africa, East Africa and Central Africa. Conclusion: Less than a third of students in sub-Saharan Africa are protected against hepatitis B. However, the majority of this target group is at risk of infection. It would be relevant to screen and, if necessary, vaccinate all new students.

Metamorphoses of the University and the Pathways of Indigenous Students in Quebec:Issues of Accessibility to Studies and Academic Persistence from a Perspective of the Decolonization of Education-A Secondary Publication

In connection with the historical context of social segregation and the assimilative aim of formal education imposed on them,the Indigenous Peoples of Québec have long been excluded from higher education.Today,even if their graduation rates are increasing,a persistent gap with the non-Indigenous population is maintained.The data in this article are drawn from 23 interviews with students and university graduates of the First Nations of Québec,as part of a thesis in educational sciences.Our paper analyzes how these students manage to combine the contributions of Indigenous education with those of Western education by developing paths that are part of the decolonization movement of education.Their relationship to Indigenous identity and cultures clearly influences their educational background and is analyzed taking into account power relations with the dominant culture.Our paper emphasizes more particularly the relationship to studies,the adaptation to the student profession,and the balance between studies,work,and family among Indigenous students,in a context of transition from university to multiversity which contributed to the increase of Indigenous university attendance.

Bacteriological Profile of Effusion Fluids Infections at Charles De Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital from 2017 to 2020

Introduction: Microbiology of effusion fluids in children in Burkina Faso is characterized by the scarcity of data. This work aimed to study the bacteriological and antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria involved in effusion fluid infections in paediatrics in order to improve the choice of probabilistic antibiotics therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was used in children aged 0 to 15 years from 2017 to 2020 at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Center (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Classical bacteriology methods such as macroscopy, Gram staining, identification galleries and antibiotics susceptibility testing were used. Results: Of 231 samples, 64 bacteria were isolated. The most common bacterial strains of pleural fluid were Staphylococcus aureus (25%) and 40% for Enterobacteriaceae. Of the peritoneal fluid, 77% were Enterobacteriaceae with 57% Escherichia coli;and from joint fluid, 33% were S. aureus and 22% for P. aeruginosa. The overall susceptibility profile showed 29% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), 10% methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 8% carbapenemases. Conclusion: Bacteriological profile is characterized by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and MRSA. The most active antibiotics were macrolides, aminoglycosides, and cefoxitin (methicillin) for Gram-positive cocci, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides for Gram-negative bacilli. Then, the monitoring of antibiotics resistance must be permanent.

Molecular Detection of Resistance and Virulence Genes in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Blood Cultures at the University Teaching Hospital of Bouake

Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are currently recognized as genuine pathogens. However, little is known about the resistance and virulence genes that explain their pathogenicity in hospitals in Cte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to contribute to the genotypic identification of resistance and virulence genes in CoNS isolated from blood cultures at the University Teaching Hospital (CHU) of Bouak, in order to improve patient management. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted from September to December 2023. The CoNS isolates studied came from the collection of strains isolated from blood cultures of febrile patients hospitalized or attending consultations at the CHU of Bouak. The strains were analyzed using conventional simplex PCR. Results: Of the 45 isolates analyzed, 46.7% carried both the aacA-aphD and tetK genes and 40% carried the mecA gene. With regard to virulence genes, only the LukS-PV gene was observed in S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CoNS isolates carrying the mecA gene and the presence of virulence genes observed in this study give cause for concern in hospitals. It is important to develop comprehensive surveillance strategies against nosocomial and multi-resistant infections at the CHU of Bouak.

Resistance of Klebsiella to Imipenem by Production of Carbapenemase Gene blaIMP at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Objective: Class B carbapenemases are bacterial enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam core antibiotics, except for monobactams. The objective of this study was to identify the carbapenemase gene blaIMP in the genus Klebsiella at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: The study involved 17 bacterial strains responsible for human infection and isolated from various biological samples during the period from 2009 to 2013. The strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem using the Mueller-Hinton agar diffusion method. The carbapenemases resistance genes were detected by conventional PCR using specific primers at the molecular biology laboratory of CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Results: The antibiotic susceptibility test showed high resistance of the 17 Klebsiella isolates tested to cephalosporins. A high cefotaxime-resistance rate (82.35%) and ceftazidime-resistance rate (88.23%) was found among the strains tested against 11.76% resistance rate for imipenem. Analysis of PCR products by gel electrophoresis revealed 4 strains (23.53%) with blaIMP-type gene. Conclusion: Klebsiella is a well-known bacterium in clinical practice. The present study demonstrated the blaIMP-type gene in cephalosporin-resistant strains of Klebsiella at CHUP-CDG. More effective monitoring and treatment solutions are needed to prevent the spread of these resistant strains.

HIV and Seroconversion among Pregnant Women at the University Hospital of Mother and Child in Chad

Background: HIV in pregnant women presented a risk of transmission to newborns. This study was to determine HIV prevalence among pregnant women in the birthing rooms and give antiretrovirals to women infected and their newborns. Methods: A preliminary study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the Mother and Child Hospital. Pregnant women were counseled and tested for HIV-antibody according to the national algorithm using Determine HIV 1 & 2 and Immunocomb II Bispot HIV1 & 2. The women screened HIV-negative during the prenatal consultation and who accepted a second test were screened in the birth room. The data collected were processed using the Access Microsoft office 16 and SPSS software version 18. Results: A total of 6080 pregnant women were tested before and in the birth room. Of these, 5943 (97.4%) were detected as HIV-negative and 159 (2.6%) were HIV-positive. Of the 5943 with HIV-negative status, 1333 accepted the second test in the birth room, 10 of which have become HIV-positive. The rate of seroconversions was 0.75%. Conclusion: This study determined the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women. The result reveals the importance and necessity of repeating the screening test in the birth room because of the possibility of seroconversion or new infection during pregnancy.

Mortality of Children in the Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatric University Hospital of Bangui

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, one in 13 children died before their fifth birthday. Objective: To study mortality among children hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the CHUPB. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive study over a 12-month period. Included were children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized in the intensive care unit and who died during the period. The data were entered and analyzed through the Epi Info software. The statistical test used was Pearson’s chi2. Results: The overall mortality rate was 21.49%. The sex ratio was 1.14 and the mean age was 3.17 ± 2.21 years. Children 5 years of age accounted for 78.49% (n = 197) of cases. Deaths were more frequent in January, April and December. The mean time to consultation was 6.91 ± 1.8 days. Fever 78.48% (n = 197), diarrhea/vomiting 35.45% (n = 89) and convulsions 26.29% (n = 66) were the main reasons for consultation. Prior to admission, treatment was administered in 73.38% (n = 184) of children. The main diagnoses of death were: septic shock 29.08% (n = 73), hypovolemic shock post AEG 17.13% (n = 43), severe malaria 10.76% (n = 27) and meningitis 6.38% (n = 16). Death was early in 66.53% (n = 167) of cases. It was influenced by male sex, origin of residence, rural residence, herbal medicine and the occurrence of deaths during the shifts after 16 hours. Conclusion: Mortality in pediatrics remains a concern in our practice. It is related to conditions that are mostly preventable by vaccination, information, education and communication.

Stroke Epidemiological Study at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody in Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire

Background: Recent literature reported a recurrent increase in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rates in low- and middle-income countries. However, the causes and mechanisms of the rising HS rates are unknown. To address these issues, the present epidemiological study was carried out in the neurovascular unit of the neurology department at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody in Abidjan (Africa). Methods: The study included 60 patients hospitalized from January 1 to December 31, 2016, who underwent brain CT (computerized tomography) scans. We examined the medical records and survey forms in these patients with acute stroke (within 7 days) admitted to the Neurovascular Unit receiving only stroke patients. In these patients, we explored stroke distribution according to socio-demographic variables: age, gender and socio-professional categories. In addition, common risk factors were assessed. Results: In Côte d’Ivoire, our studies showed an ischemic stroke (IS) rate of 66.67% and a hemorrhagic stroke (HS) rate of 33.33%. Our studies indicated that stroke particularly affects the 40 - 60 age group. Then, stroke frequency has fallen in the 30 - 40 and 60 - 70 age groups, becoming rare in relatively young (70 years) subjects. In the sample analyzed, stroke occurred in women (56.67%) compared with men (43.33%). However, there was no gender-specific predilection for stroke. In addition, 90% of strokes occur in the working population and 10% in the non-working population. Arterial hypertension was the highest medical risk factor among patients (66.13%), compared with the other risk factors i.e. alcohol (17.42%), smoking (12.90%), previous stroke (9.67%), diabetes (6.65%), heart disease (6.65%) and dyslipidemia (3.23%). Specifically, hypertension was the main risk factor causing HS (45%) and IS (21.66%) in patients. Conclusion: Stroke particularly affected socio-economically active subjects (aged 40 - 60) in Africa, which were subjected to high prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Chronic stress related to working life and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions would be a triggering event for hemorrhagic stroke.

Exploring the Impact of Crisis and Trauma on the Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being of University Students in Northern Haiti

In recent decades,Haiti has been subject to man-made and natural disasters that have left its citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks.With a weak state unable to protect its populace,Haitians are exposed to some of the highest levels of poverty and violence in the Western Hemisphere.In recent years,Haitians have experienced two crises that this study analyzes:the instability and political violence of“peyi lòk”as well as the global pandemic of COVID-19.This community-based assessment explores the impact of these two crises on the mental health and psychological well-being of 38 Haitian university students in the understudied northern part of the country.Results indicate that both crises had similarities related to their psychological effects on young people,most notably in terms of traumatic experiences related to threats or violence,forced confinement,and large increases in population-wide uncertainty.Additionally,the extreme violence of“peyi lòk”and the widespread unpredictability of COVID-19 and its effects in the early days of the pandemic resulted in high levels of stress and fear.Both crises also resulted in extreme economic hardship for students,with many reporting difficulties accessing basic needs such as food and water.This study highlights how converging population-level crises in“complex emergencies”can heighten trauma and compromise mental health.

Evaluation of Suicidal Risk in Sickle Cell Patients Monitored at the Hubert Koutoukou Maga National University Hospital Center in Cotonou in 2022

Introduction: According to the WHO, suicide is a real public health problem worldwide, and several risk factors have been identified, including pain and chronic illness. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the suicidal risk in sickle-cell patients. Method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of sickle-cell patients followed up at the University Clinic of Blood Diseases of Hubert Koutoukou Maga National University Hospital Center from August 2022 to November 2022. The instrument used was the Ducher suicide risk self-assessment scale. Results: A total of 65 patients were included. Mean age was 27.04 ± 1.95 years, with extremes of 16 and 50 years, and a peak of 47.69% in the 20 - 30 age group. Women predominated (58.46%), with a sex ratio of 0.71. Somatic complaints accounted for 41.54% of patients’ visits, including 21.54% for pain. Suicidal risk was positive in 44.62%, including 13.85% for severe suicidal risk, and 20% attributed their desire to die to pain. The factor associated with positive suicidal risk was single parenthood (p = 0.02). Of those with a positive suicidal risk, 46% had shared the intention with close relatives (family and friends), but none had used medical services. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the high prevalence of suicidal risk among people with sickle cell disease, and therefore the need for psychosocial intervention in this specific population in Benin.

Prognostic Factors for Eclamptics in Intensive Cares of Two University Teaching Hospitals in Cotonou, Benin

Introduction: In Benin, the maternal mortality rate remains high and one of the main causes is preeclampsia in its complicated forms, including eclampsia. For this, treatment is most often provided in an intensive care unit by a multidisciplinary team involving obstetricians and intensive care doctors. Objective: To determine the prognostic factors of eclamptics treated in intensive care units in two university teaching hospitals in Cotonou. Patients and Method: The study was transversal descriptive and analytical with prospective collection of data from May 1 to July 31, 2022, in the intensive care units of CHU-MEL and CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. The sampling was non-probability with exhaustive recruitment of all cases of eclampsia managed in hospital intensive care units. Clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were studied. Data analysis was done with Epi info 7.2.1.0 software. Results: Fifty-five eclamptics were included. The incidence was 12.39%. The average age of eclamptics was 24.67 ± 1.41 years, with a reference rate of 85.45%. Primigravidae represented 52.73%. A history of eclampsia and/or high blood pressure (14.54%) was associated with mortality. Cesarean section was indicated in 85.45% and general anesthesia, was the technique used in 95.75% of cases. Eclamptic status was found in 36.37% of patients. Other poor prognostic factors were Glasgow score of less than nine (9.09%), shock (7.27%), mechanical ventilation (58.18%) and complications. Mortality was 16.36%. Conclusion: The mortality of eclamptics in the intensive care units of CHU-MEL and CNHU-HKM was high. Poor prognostic factors were a history of preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, severity of eclampsia and complications.

Decision-Making Information System for Academic Careers in Congolese Universities: From Analysis to Design of a Data Warehouse

Universities collect and generate a considerable amount of data on students throughout their academic career. Currently in South Kivu, most universities have an information system in the form of a database made up of several disparate files. This makes it difficult to use this data efficiently and profitably. The aim of this study is to develop this transactional database-based information system into a data warehouse-oriented system. This tool will be able to collect, organize and archive data on the student’s career path, year after year, and transform it for analysis purposes. In the age of Big Data, a number of artificial intelligence techniques have been developed, making it possible to extract useful information from large databases. This extracted information is of paramount importance in decision-making. By way of example, the information extracted by these techniques can be used to predict which stream a student should choose when applying to university. In order to develop our contribution, we analyzed the IT information systems used in the various universities and applied the bottom-up method to design our data warehouse model. We used the relational model to design the data warehouse.

Factors Associated with Non-Compliance among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Departmental University Hospital of Borgou and Alibori in Parakou (Benin)

Introduction: Therapeutic compliance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major challenge for the prevention of this condition, which is both a non-communicable disease (NCD) and a complication of other NCDs. Non-adherence to treatment (NOT) is a factor in the poor prognosis of CKD in developing countries, particularly in Benin. The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic compliance (TC) and determine the factors associated with non-compliance in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing treatment at the Departmental University Hospital of Borgou and Alibori in Parakou (CHUD/B-A). Patients and Methods: This study was carried out in the Nephrology Department of CHUD/B-A. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with analytical aims that ran from December 25, 2022 to March 15, 2023 and covered data from 2017 to 2022. It involved 345 patient records meeting the diagnosis of CKD according to the KDIGO 2012 criteria. NOT was defined by a Girerd score evaluation greater than or equal to 3. Data processing and analysis were performed with R software version 4.3.0. Results: The mean age (SD) of patients was 50 years (±14.9). The prevalence of NOT was 57.1%. Potential predictors of non-adherence were: monthly revenue (p = 0.009), mode of admission (p = 0.001), phytotherapy (p = 0.040), traditional treatment (p = 0.049) and quantity of drugs (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Therapeutic compliance among chronic kidney patients still needs to be improved through awareness-raising sessions.

俯冲带流体——来自(超)高压变质岩石的证据

俯冲带是地球上岩浆活动、高压—超高压变质作用、中深源地震、壳幔物质交换、元素循环和铜金大规模成矿的集中发生场所。富水流体不仅调控了这些地质作用,而且也深刻影响了全球C、S等挥发分的循环。当蚀变大洋岩石圈及上覆沉积物进入俯冲带中深部(15~300 km),伴随由葡萄石-绿纤石相至超高压榴辉岩相的递进变质作用,含水矿物在不同深度的分解造成流体释放为一连续过程。除极端高地温梯度环境之外,大多数俯冲带洋壳释放的流体为富水流体。但,俯冲带不同深度所产生的流体特征有明显差异。出露于全球造山带的高压—超高压变质地体保存了分凝体、脉体、水压致裂角砾岩等流体作用的有力证据,绿辉石、石榴子石、绿帘石等矿物中原生流体包裹体为流体的直接记录。在俯冲带中等深度(<65 km),流体是溶质含量很低的含卤化物水溶液,可含CO_(3)^(2-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、HS^(-)等组分,其所含Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na主量元素溶质相当于海水中固化物量的2~3倍,并具大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻元素(B、Li)富集和高场强元素(HFSE)亏损的特点。当深度≥65 km时,流体转化为类似于超临界性质的溶液,含CH_(4)、C_(2)H_(6)、H_(2)S等挥发分,其所含主量元素溶质显著增加,微量元素除LILE等外,还负载相当量的HFSE和过渡族成矿元素。俯冲带65~100 km深度,为富水流体向超临界流体转变的区间。这种流体具有“亚超临界”性质,发生了氧化还原性质和元素溶解能力的渐变,并伴随硬柱石和角闪石的最终耗尽。高压变质岩石及相关脉体的O、Sr、Nd和金属同位素示踪研究表明俯冲带流体的源区多样,有蚀变基性洋壳、地幔橄榄岩和沉积物,并保存了海底热液蚀变作用的印迹。流体以脉冲方式沿网络状裂隙呈隧道式运移和传输,规模可达千米级,时间尺度在数月至数百年。目前通过高压—超高压变质岩的研究对俯冲带流体已经有了深入的了解,但展望未来,该领域依然有诸多争议和科学问题值得探索。

Lipoprotein (a) Cut-Off in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with a History of Cardiovascular Disease in Center Hospital University Souro SANOU, Burkina Faso

Patients living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of cardiovascular events. Our aim in this study was to assess the cut-off value for lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) in CKD patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was a cross-sectional study. Variables including age, sex, history of CVD, body mass index and CKD stage, were collected during CKD patient’s first admission in the nephrology dialysis department. Blood samples were collected for quantitative determination of Lp(a) by immunoturbidimetric method. They were divided into two groups: CKD patients without history of CVD and CKD patients with history of CVD. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations with a significance level of 0.05%. Area under the curve (AUC) and new cut-off value for Lp(a) were identified by drawing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of seventy CKD patients with median age of 43 years [minimum-maximum = 15 - 78 years] were included. Patients with history of CVD were 65.71% (46/70). New Lp(a) cut-off point in CKD patients with history of CVD was 66.50 nmol/L [sensitivity, 87.00%;specificity, 58.30%;AUC = 0.727;p = 0.000]. ROC curve demonstrated good performance of Lp(a) to screen CKD patients with history of CVD. Further research is needed to determine an LPA gene polymorphism’s contribution to increasing risk for CVD at each kidney disease stage.

湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床闪锌矿矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义

为探讨湘南铜山岭铜铅锌矿床的形成过程,本文对不同类型矿石中的闪锌矿开展了电子探针成分分析。结果表明,Fe主要通过直接置换Zn的方式进入闪锌矿,Cd可能通过与Fe耦合置换Zn的方式(Cd^(2+)+Fe^(2+)←→2Zn^(2+))进入闪锌矿,含铜矿石的闪锌矿中可能含有亚显微级黄铜矿包裹体。闪锌矿的Fe、Cd含量和Fe/Zn、Zn/Cd值的变化指示近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩和远端矽卡岩矿体依次形成,铜硫化物-石英脉、铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉和铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿体依次形成,碳酸盐交代型矿体形成较晚。结合矿床地质和闪锌矿矿物学特征,本文认为铜山岭铜铅锌矿床可能存在两期流体出溶,早期出溶温度较高的含Cu、Pb、Zn流体,引起近端内矽卡岩、近端外矽卡岩、远端矽卡岩、铜硫化物-石英脉和铜铅锌硫化物-石英脉矿化;晚期出溶温度较低的含Pb、Zn流体,导致铅锌硫化物-石英脉型和碳酸盐交代型矿化。