团队反思与团队资源开发、利用及团队结果的关系:一项元分析

基于95篇文献的96个独立研究(总样本量N=9052),对团队反思与团队资源开发、团队资源利用及团队结果(团队任务绩效、团队创造力、团队创新绩效)的关系进行了元分析,检验了国家文化(权力距离、集体主义、阳刚主义、长期取向)的调节作用,探究了团队资源开发、团队资源利用在团队反思与团队结果间的中介效应。结果表明:(1)团队反思与团队资源开发、团队资源利用、团队任务绩效、团队创造力、团队创新绩效存在中等程度以上的正相关关系。(2)权力距离正向调节团队反思与团队资源利用、团队任务绩效的关系,集体主义正向调节团队反思与团队资源利用、团队任务绩效、团队创新绩效的关系,阳刚主义正向调节团队反思与团队资源利用的关系,长期取向正向调节团队反思与团队任务绩效的关系。(3)团队资源开发和团队资源利用中介了团队反思与团队结果的关系。相较团队资源开发,团队资源利用在团队反思与团队任务绩效间的中介作用更强;相较团队资源利用,团队资源开发在团队反思与团队创造力之间的中介作用更强;团队资源开发、团队资源利用在团队反思与团队创新绩效之间的中介作用不存在显著差异。研究结果有助于理解团队反思与团队资源开发、利用和团队结果的关系及跨文化差异,并为实践中的团队反思提供参考。

Elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content in the Achilles tendon contribute to higher intratendinous pressures:Implications for Achilles tendinopathy

Background:Tendinopathy alters the compositional properties of the Achilles tendon by increasing fluid and glycosaminoglycan content.It has been speculated that these changes may affect intratendinous pressure,but the extent of this relationship remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the impact of elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content on Achilles tendon intratendinous pressure and to determine whether hyaluronidase(HYAL) therapy can intervene in this potential relationship.Methods:Twenty paired fresh-frozen cadaveric Achilles tendons were mounted in a tensile-testing machine and loaded up to 5% strain.Intratendinous resting(at 0% strain) and dynamic pressure(at 5% strain) were assessed using the microcapillary infusion technique.First,intratendinous pressure was measured under native conditions before and after infusion of 2 mL physiological saline.Next,80 mg of glycosaminoglycans were administered bilaterally to the paired tendons.The right tendons were additionally treated with 1500 units of HYAL.Finally,both groups were retested,and the glycosaminoglycan content was analyzed.Results:It was found that both elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content resulted in higher intratendinous resting and dynamic pressures(p <0.001).HYAL treatment induced a 2.3-fold reduction in glycosaminoglycan content(p=0.002) and restored intratendinous pressures.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated that elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content in Achilles tendinopathy contribute to increased intratendinous re sting and dynamic pressures,which can be explained by the associated increased volume and reduced permeability of the tendon matrix,respectively.HYAL degrades glycosaminoglycans sufficiently to lower intratendinous pressures and may,therefore,serve as a promising treatment.

Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance by Dynamic Adsorption of Intermediates on C2N-Supported Single Atom Catalysts

The dynamic adsorption of possible intermediates on single-atom catalysts(SACs)under working condition plays a key role in the electrocatalytic performance by the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and therefore the performance of the dynamic adsorption should be fully considered in the theoretical screening of potential SACs.Based on density functional theory calculations,the OER performance of 27 types of C_(2)N-supported single transition metal atoms(TM@C_(2)N)is systematically investigated without and with considering the dynamic adsorption of possible intermediates.Without considering dynamic adsorption,only Rh@C_(2)N and Ni@C_(2)N are screened out as good catalysts.However,by further considering the dynamic adsorption configurations of possible intermediates,more promising TM@C_(2)N SACs including Fe(Co,Ni,Ru,Rh,Ir)@C_(2)N toward the OER are screened out.The presence of the intermediates(*HO,*O)on SACs could shift their d band center toward lower energy level,which makes the interaction between the adsorbate and SACs moderate and thus enhances their OER performance.The present work is instructive for further screening and designing of efficient single-atom catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Digital Twins for Wastewater Treatment:A Technical Review

The digital twins concept enhances modeling and simulation through the integration of real-time data and feedback.This review elucidates the foundational elements of digital twins,covering their concept,entities,domains,and key technologies.More specifically,we investigate the transformative potential of digital twins for the wastewater treatment engineering sector.Our discussion highlights the application of digital twins to wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)and sewage networks,hardware(i.e.,facilities and pipes,sensors for water quality and activated sludge,hydrodynamics,and power consumption),and software(i.e.,knowledge-based and data-driven models,mechanistic models,hybrid twins,control methods,and the Internet of Things).Furthermore,two cases are provided,followed by an assessment of current challenges in and perspectives on the application of digital twins in WWTPs.This review serves as an essential primer for wastewater engineers navigating the digital paradigm shift.

Brain networks in newborns and infants with and without sensorineural hearing loss:A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of early sensory deficits on brain development is essential for understanding developmental processes and developing potential interventions.While previous studies have looked into the impact of prenatal experiences on language development,there is a lack of research on how these experiences affect early language and brain function development in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL).AIM To investigate SNHL effects on early brain development and connectivity in 4-month-olds vs healthy newborns and controls.METHODS The research involved analyzing the functional brain networks of 65 infants,categorized into three groups:28 healthy newborns,224-month-old participants with SNHL,and 15 age-matched healthy participants.The resting-state functional connectivity was measured and compared between the groups using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and graph theory to assess the brain network properties.RESULTS Significant differences were found in resting-state functional connectivity between participants with SNHL and age-matched controls,indicating a developmental lag in brain connectivity for those with SNHL.Surprisingly,SNHL participants showed better connectivity development compared to healthy newborns,with connectivity strengths of 0.13±0.04 for SNHL,0.16±0.08 for controls,and 0.098±0.04 for newborns.Graph theory analysis revealed enhanced global brain network properties for the SNHL group,suggesting higher communication efficiency at 4 months.No significant differences were noted in network properties between 4-month-old SNHL participants and neonates.A unique pattern of central hubs was observed in the SNHL group,with 2 hubs in the left hemisphere compared to 6 in controls.CONCLUSION 4-month-old infants with SNHL have a distinct brain network pattern with efficient long-distance information transmission but less effective local communication compared to age-matched controls.

Effect of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers of Children under 5 Years in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bobo-Dioulasso: Before and after Study

Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices assessment during two cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them were between 20 and 29 years old. One for knowledge (cooking thoroughly with, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.

合肥盆地构造演化的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）分析表明，合肥盆地北部K2^1砂岩的AFT年龄为（128．2±95）Ma，围限径迹长度为（11．9±0．4）μm。其模拟热史包括4个阶段：在距今175～150Ma，冷却速率为8．92℃／Ma；在距今150～85Ma为0．99℃／Ma；在距今85～24Ma为-0．49℃／Ma；在距今24Ma以来为1.96℃／Ma，它们依次对应于物源区快速抬升剥露、缓慢抬升剥露以及盆地先沉降后抬升4个阶段。盆地南缘黑石渡组（K1h）的AFT年龄为（86．3±43）Ma，平均围限径迹长度为（13．6±0．2）μm。模拟热史表明，在距今135～122Ma时冷却速率为-13．60℃／Ma；在距今122～98Ma时为1．92℃／Ma；在距今98～90Ma时为6．63℃／Ma；在距今90～26Ma时为0．88℃／Ma；在距今26Ma以来为0．69℃／Ma，它们依次与沉积埋藏加热、缓慢抬升剥露、快速抬升剥露以及两次缓慢剥露5个阶段相对应。合肥盆地的演化先后受到大别造山带与郯庐断裂带构造活动的控制：即盆地挤压阶段（早侏罗世至距今150Ma）受控于大别山晚造山期挤压环境，盆地伸展断陷阶段（距今150～138Ma）受控于大别山造山根拆沉作用，盆地滑覆冲断一走滑阶段（距今138-90Ma）受控于造山带热窿伸展与郯庐断裂走滑联合作用，盆地走滑拉张阶段（距今90～25Ma）受控于郯庐断裂带走滑拉张作用，盆地挤压抬升阶段（距今25Ma以来）受控于郯庐断裂带挤压环境。

海面溢油三维荧光光谱消除瑞利散射方法的研究

三维荧光光谱分析法以其灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单和可用于多组分混合物分析等优点成为诸多研究者在海面溢油鉴别中的热点选择。但三维荧光光谱中存在的瑞利散射会对光谱的准确检测产生较大的影响,因此有效地消除瑞利散射对后续光谱的定性鉴别和定量分析具有重要意义。采用仪器校正法、空白扣除法、 Delaunay三角形内插值法和缺损数据重构(MDR)法对海面溢油三维荧光光谱中的瑞利散射进行校正。首先以海水的SDS胶束溶液作为溶剂,将航空煤油和润滑油按不同相对体积分数比配制8个校正样本和3个测试样本;然后利用FS920稳态荧光光谱仪采集11个样本的三维荧光光谱数据,并分别采用仪器校正法、空白扣除法、 Delaunay三角形内插值法和缺损数据重构(MDR)法消除瑞利散射的干扰;再利用核一致诊断法估计出最佳的组分数;最后利用平行因子分析(PARAFAC)对混合油样本的三维荧光光谱数据进行定性鉴别和定量分析。研究结果表明:采用发射波长滞后激发波长以消除瑞利散射的仪器校正法会丢失部分有效光谱信息;采用空白扣除法无法彻底消除瑞利散射,在光谱中仍然存在散射干扰,利用PARAFAC解析后得到的激发、发射光谱会出现失真,且预测的浓度值偏差较大;采用Delaunay三角形内插值法消除瑞利散射后,利用PARAFAC解析所得到的激发、发射光谱与真实光谱吻合度较高,且预测的浓度值偏差较小;而采用MDR消除瑞利散射后,利用PARAFAC解析所获得的激发、发射光谱与真实光谱吻合度最高,且相较于其他几种方法预测的浓度值偏差最小,得到的样本回收率为98.9%和100%,预测均方根误差均小于等于0.130。根据定性鉴别、定量分析的结果, MDR能够在保证原有特征光谱不失真的基础上有效消除瑞利散射带来的影响,是一种消除三维荧光光谱数据中瑞利散射较为理想的方法。

补体系统及其糖基化

补体系统是固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,同时也是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫系统的重要桥梁.补体系统由30多种蛋白质组成,且其中绝大多数都经过糖基化修饰.近年来对补体系统的研究,不断揭示出补体系统在抗击病原微生物入侵和维持有机体生理稳态过程中发挥着重要作用.然而补体系统需要严格的调控,不论是激活不足、抑或是过度激活都可能引起疾病的发生.本文概述了近年来对于补体系统的激活、调控和功能研究的最新进展,并首次从糖生物学角度对补体系统蛋白质组分的糖链结构及糖链对相应蛋白质功能的影响进行了综述和小结.

New Trends in Olefin Production

Most olefins （e.g., ethylene and propylene） will continue to be produced through steam cracking （SC） ofhydrocarbons in the coming decade. In an uncertain commodity market, the chemical industry is investingvery little in alternative technologies and feedstocks because of their current lack of economic viability,despite decreasing crude oil reserves and the recognition of global warming. In this perspective, some of themost promising alternatives are compared with the conventional SC process, and the major bottlenecks ofeach of the competing processes are highlighted. These technologies emerge especially from the abundanceof cheap propane, ethane, and methane from shale gas and stranded gas. From an economic point of view,methane is an interesting starting material, if chemicals can be produced from it. The huge availability ofcrude oil and the expected substantial decline in the demand for fuels imply that the future for proventechnologies such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FFS） or methanol to gasoline is not bright. The abundance ofcheap ethane and the large availability of crude oil, on the other hand, have caused the SC industry to shiftto these two extremes, making room for the on-purpose production of light olefins, such as by the catalyticdehydrogenation of orooane.

Ureteral stents in urolithiasis

Ever since the ureteral stent design was fitted with a curl on both sides to prevent it from migrating up or down the ureter some 40 years ago,its use has gained tremendous momentum,aiding in the rise and evolution of endourology and has confidently kept its place in modern time urology.Over the past four decades,several designs,coating and biomaterials have been developed,trying to reduce infection,encrustation and other stent related symptoms.As the ideal stent has not yet been discovered,different ways of helping patients with their complaints have been researched.This review will cover these aspects of stent use in urolithiasis.

Fermented liquid feed for pigs： an ancient technique for the future

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1：1.5 to 1：4. By mixing with water lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethano which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow＇s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.

Machine Learning in Chemical Engineering:Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,and Threats

Chemical engineers rely on models for design,research,and daily decision-making,often with potentially large financial and safety implications.Previous efforts a few decades ago to combine artificial intelligence and chemical engineering for modeling were unable to fulfill the expectations.In the last five years,the increasing availability of data and computational resources has led to a resurgence in machine learning-based research.Many recent efforts have facilitated the roll-out of machine learning techniques in the research field by developing large databases,benchmarks,and representations for chemical applications and new machine learning frameworks.Machine learning has significant advantages over traditional modeling techniques,including flexibility,accuracy,and execution speed.These strengths also come with weaknesses,such as the lack of interpretability of these black-box models.The greatest opportunities involve using machine learning in time-limited applications such as real-time optimization and planning that require high accuracy and that can build on models with a self-learning ability to recognize patterns,learn from data,and become more intelligent over time.The greatest threat in artificial intelligence research today is inappropriate use because most chemical engineers have had limited training in computer science and data analysis.Nevertheless,machine learning will definitely become a trustworthy element in the modeling toolbox of chemical engineers.

Effect of osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration on endplate cartilage injury in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration on the endplate cartilage injury in rats.Methods:A total of 48 female Sprague Dawley rats(3 months)were randomly divided into Groups A,B,C and D with 12 rats in each group.Osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration composite model,simple degeneration model and simple osteoporosis model were prepared in Groups A,B and C respectively.After modeling,four rats of each group at 12th.18th and 24th week were sacrificed,Intervertebral height of cervical vertebra C6/C7 was measured.Micro-CT was used to image the endplate of cephalic and caudal cartilage at C6/C7 intervertebral disc.Abraded area rate of C6 caudal and C7 cephalic cartilage endplate was calculated,and then C6/C7 intervertebral disc was routinely embedded and sectioned.stained with safranin O to observe histological changes microscopically.Results:At 12,18 and24 weeks,intervertebral disc height of C6/C7 were(0.58±0.09)mm,(0.53±0.04)mm and(0.04±0.06)mm in Group A rats,(0.55±0.05)mm,(0.52±0.07)mm and(0.07±0.05)mm in Group B rats.At 24th week.intervertebral disc height of Group A rats was significantly lower than that of Group B rats(P<0.05);intervertebral disc height of Groups A and B rats at each time point were significantly lower than that of Groups C and D(P<0.05).There was no significantly statistical difference of intervertebral disc height between Groups C and D(P>0.05).At 12 and 18 weeks,the abraded rate of C6 caudal and C7 cephalic cartilage endplate in Group A rats were significantly higher than that in Groups B.C and D rats(P<0.05);the abraded rate in Group B was significantly higher than that in Groups C and D(P>0.05).Microscopic observation of CT showed that ventral defects in C6caudal or C7 cephalic cartilage endplate in Groups A and B appeared after 12 weeks of modeling;obvious cracks were found in front of the C6 and C7 vertebral body,and cartilage defect shown the trend of"repairing"at 18 and 24 weeks after modeling.Conclusions:Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoporosis can cause damage to the cartilage endplate.Co-existence of these two factors can induce more serious damage to the endplate.which has possitive correlation with intervertebral disc degeneration.Osteoporosis plays a certain role in intervertebral disc degeneration process,and accelerates the degeneration of intervertebral disc in a specific time window.

Influence of bed elevation discordance on flow patterns and head losses in an open-channel confluence

Confluences play a major role in the dynamics of networks of natural and man-made open channels, and field measurements on river confluences reveal that discordance in bed elevation is common.Studies of schematized confluences with a step at the interface between the tributary and the main channel bed reveal that bed elevation discordance is an important additional control for the confluence hydrodynamics.This study aimed to improve understanding of the influence of bed elevation discordance on the flow patterns and head losses in a right-angled confluence of an open channel with rectangular cross-sections.A large eddy simulation (LES)-based numerical model was set up and validated with experiments by others.Four configurations with different bed discordance ratios were investigated.The results confirm that, with increasing bed elevation discordance, the tributary streamlines at the confluence interface deviate less from the geometrical confluence angle, the extent of the recirculation zone (RZ) gets smaller, the ratio of the water depth upstream to that downstream of the confluence decreases, and the water level depression reduces.The bed elevation discordance also leads to the development of a large-scale structure in the lee of the step.Despite the appearance of the large-scale structure, the reduced extent of the RZ and associated changes in flow deflection/contraction reduce total head losses experienced by the main channel with an increase of the bed discordance ratio.It turns out that bed elevation discordance converts the lateral momentum from the tributary to streamwise momentum in the main channel more efficiently.

Effect of Temperature and Strain Rate on Dynamic Properties of Low Silicon TRIP Steel

The dynamic tensile test of 0.11C-0.62Si-1.65Mn TRIP steel was carried out at different strain rates and test temperatures. The results show that both temperature and strain rate affect the retained austenite transformation. At high strain rates, the uniform elongation decreases, whereas the total elongation and energy absorption increase. The tensile strength is less strain rate sensitive. With raising test temperature, the tensile strength is reduced and the mechanical properties generally deteriorate, especially at 110℃,However, excellent mechanical properties were obtained at 50℃ and 75℃.

Pediatric vascular tumors of the liver:Review from the pathologist’s point of view

Differential diagnosis of pediatric vascular liver tumors can be challenging due to inconsistent nomenclature,histologic overlap and the rarity of some entities.Here we give an up-to-date overview of the most important entities.We discuss the clinic,histology and pathophysiology of hepatic congenital and infantile heman-gioma,hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and hepatic angio-sarcoma.

Small bowel capsule endoscopy:Where are we after almost 15 years of use?

The development of capsule endoscopy(CE) in 2001 has given gastroenterologists the opportunity to investigate the small bowel in a non-invasive way. CE is most commonly performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, but other indications include diagnosis or follow-up of Crohn's disease, suspicion of a small bowel tumor, diagnosis and surveillance of hereditary polyposis syndromes, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel lesions and celiac disease.Almost fifteen years have passed since the release of the small bowel capsule. The purpose of this review is to offer the reader a brief but complete overview on small bowel CE anno 2014, including the technical and procedural aspects, the possible complications and the most important indications. We will end with some future perspectives of CE.

负氢离子转移反应对脂肪烃催化裂化体系贡献的定量研究

负氢离子转移反应(htr)是重要的催化裂化基元反应之一。利用单事件微动力学模型对脂肪烃催化裂化的评估结果,从分子层面论述了htr反应的自催化特性。结果表明:原料中1-辛烯的存在提高了正碳离子活性中心覆盖率,尤其在原料转化率低的情况下,进而产生了更高的htr反应速率。htr反应速率不受原料中烯烃加入的影响,生成叔正碳离子的htr反应速率比生成仲正碳离子的速率快近5个数量级。对裂化反应机理比率(CMR)和反应链长(CL)的考察结果表明:当原料为纯烷烃时,两者的数值相近;当原料中加入烯烃时,CMR会受到明显影响,而CL几乎保持恒定。

核糖体失活蛋白及其在黄瓜中的表达分析（英文）

核糖体失活蛋白是一类具有高度特异性r RNA N-糖苷酶活性的蛋白,它们能够使原核或真核细胞的核糖体失活因而具有细胞毒性.由于其独特的生物学性质,核糖体失活蛋白被认为在农业和医学中都有着巨大的应用潜力.我们之前的研究表明,黄瓜的基因组中共包含2个2类核糖体失活蛋白基因,分别命名为Cumsa AB1和Cumsa AB2.以蓖麻毒蛋白Ricin为代表,2类核糖体失活蛋白通常由2条二硫键连接的肽链组成:具有N-糖苷酶活性的A链与具有凝集素活性的B链.本文研究了黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的表达情况.亚细胞定位研究表明Cumsa AB1经过蛋白分泌通路表达于细胞外,这与蛋白质序列分析显示的Cumsa AB1包含一个信号肽而不含转膜区域相一致.对黄瓜的不同生长阶段的不同组织中的转录水平分析表明,Cumsa AB1在大部分组织中以极低的水平表达,而Cumsa AB2表达水平则明显更高,尤其在第一片真叶阶段和刚开花的植物中.最后,我们使用分子模拟对黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的结构及糖结合位点进行了分析.本研究对黄瓜中核糖体失活蛋白的亚细胞定位、表达水平和可能的蛋白质结构进行了研究,为其进一步的生物学功能研究提供了重要信息.