Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits

Over time,physical activity(PA)has shifted from being a necessity to being an alternative.As a result,levels of PA have sharply decreased.1 Today,we are facing a worldwide pandemic of physical inactivity,with one death every 6 s attributed to insufficient PA.2 To counteract this trend,a tremendous effort is being made to promote regular PA across the lifespan,mainly through the dissemination of knowledge about the health benefits of accumulating sufficient PA.

Lights for epilepsy:can photobiomodulation reduce seizures and offer neuroprotection?

Epilepsy is synonymous with individuals suffering repeated“fits”or seizures.The seizures are triggered by bursts of abnormal neuronal activity,across either the cerebral cortex and/or the hippocampus.In addition,the seizure sites are characterized by considerable neuronal death.Although the factors that generate this abnormal activity and death are not entirely clear,recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role.Current treatment options include drug therapy,which aims to suppress the abnormal neuronal activity,or surgical intervention,which involves the removal of the brain region generating the seizure activity.However,~30%of patients are unresponsive to the drugs,while the surgery option is invasive and has a morbidity risk.Hence,there is a need for the development of an effective non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment for this disorder,one that has few side effects.In this review,we consider the effectiveness of a potential new treatment for epilepsy,known as photobiomodulation,the use of red to near-infrared light on body tissues.Recent studies in animal models have shown that photobiomodulation reduces seizure-like activity and improves neuronal survival.Further,it has an excellent safety record,with little or no evidence of side effects,and it is non-invasive.Taken all together,this treatment appears to be an ideal treatment option for patients suffering from epilepsy,which is certainly worthy of further consideration.

Application of Prunus amygdalus By-products in Eco-friendly Dyeing of Textile Fabrics

Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.

On investigating the soda-lime shot blasting of AZ31 alloy:Effects on surface roughness,material removal rate,corrosion resistance,and bioactivity

In the present study,a novel method of surface finish improvement is proposed using shot blasting of soda lime(SBSL)beads on the Mg-AZ31 alloy.The effect of the soda blasting process parameters,such as blast pressure,stand-off distance,and blast duration,have been studied in-response of material removal rate(MRR)and surface roughness(SR)and corresponding statistical models have been obtained.The multi-objective optimization has also been performed to obtain parameters for maximum MRR and minimum SR.The corrosion behavior of the treated specimens has been performed to study their in-vitro biodegradability in simulated body fluid(SBF)for 1,3,7,10,15,and 21 days.The wettability study of the SBSL treated samples has been investigated using sessile drop methodology.Further,cell adhesion test has also been performed to study the biocompatibility characteristics of the SBSL treated samples using Huh7 liver cell lines.Based on obtained quantitative data as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis of treated samples,the SBSL treatment of the AZ31 alloy has been found highly useful in producing biocompatibility surfaces along with desirable morphological features.

Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Ficus Carica L.

The most abundant phenolic biopolymer in the biosphere is the lignin.This phenolic biopolymer commonly exists in combination with polysaccharides and other cell wall components.In this study,the solvent system dioxane-water is used to extract lignin,which is considered as unaltered native lignin.The dioxane lignin extracted from fig stems was characterized regarding to its structural feature,quantification of its functional groups,molecular weight,and evaluation of its thermal properties.Purity and molecular weight distribution of the studied lignin indicated that isolated lignin contained a low amount of sugar(c.a.19%)and had a high weight-average molecular weight(10068 g.mol-1).Lignin sample had approximately the same amounts of guaiacyl(G)and p-hydroxyphenyl(H)units with relatively fewer syringyl(S)units.The isolated lignin revealed good antioxidant properties.Therefore,it proved to have a high potential of application in new antioxidants formulations.

Removal of Cu(II),Pb(II),Mg(II),and Fe(II) by Adsorption onto Alginate/Nanocellulose Beads as Bio-Sorbent

Alginate blended with cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),cellulose nanofibers(CNF),and tri-carboxylate cellulose nanofibers(TPC-CNF)prepared and encapsulated in the form of microcapsules(bio-polymeric beads).The cellulosic nanomaterials that used in this study were investigated as nanomaterials for wastewater treatment applications.Batch experiments were performed to study the removal of copper,lead,magnesium,and iron from aqueous solutions by the prepared beads.The effects of the sorbent dosage and the modified polymers on the removing efficiency of the metal cations were examined.Atomic absorption was used to measure the metal ions concentrations.The modified bio-polymeric beads(Alg-CNF,Alg-CNC,and Alg-TPC-CNF)exhibited high-efficiency towards removing of the metal cations;Cu^(2+),Pb^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Fe^(2+).The Alg-TPC-CNF composite was exhibited excellent removing efficiency which around 95%for Pb,92%for Cu,43%for Fe and 54%for Mg.These outcomes affirm that the utilization of nanomaterials giving higher adsorption capacities contrasted with similar material in its micro or macrostructure form.

New Biobased Polyurethane Materials from Modified Vegetable Oil

Bio-based polyurethanes(PUs)have been occurred a large attention nowadays.It was found to be an alternative to the petrochemical based materials to the fact of their weak environmental influence,availability,good price and biodegradability.In addition,the nature shows several bio-derived compounds as raw materials for the synthesis of polyols,including the vegetable oils,polyphenol,terpene,and other bio-renewable sources.With the aim to develop a new family of biobased polyurethanes(PUs)via vegetable oils,the elaboration of new Jojoba-based PUs was performed by catalyst-free polycondensation reaction of a synthesized Jojoba diol with various diisocyanates such us toluene diisocyanate(TDI)and isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI).All the compounds were characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies,and their properties were determined by gel permeation chromatography,differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.The obtained results show renewable vegetable oils-based PUs materials can be preparing using a new environmentally ways and giving various good properties performances.

Additive manufacturing of tungsten,tungsten-based alloys,and tungsten matrix composites

Tungsten(W) materials are gaining more and more attention due to the extended applications of metallic systems in the extreme environments.Given W’s unique characteristics like room-temperature brittleness,additive manufacturing(AM)techniques could give them a higher design flexibility and manufacturability.With the growing focus and thriving development of W-faced AM techniques,since the mechanical performance of additively manufactured W parts is still unsatisfactory,a critical review to further explore the possibilities of combining W and AM processes is urgently needed.In this review,we systematically explain the fundamentals of AM processes for W materials.Following the traditional classification,we further discuss the widely used AM processes including wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM),electron beam melting(EBM),laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),laser direct energy deposition(laser DED),and other modified yet emergent AM techniques.Accordingly,since additively manufacturing W materials is processing parameter-sensitive,we illustrated the effects of various important processing parameters on the AM process control and final parts’ quality.With this detailed understanding,various categories of AM-compatible W materials(i.e.,pure W,W alloys,and W composites) were presented,and their general mechanical performance,distinct role(particularly the role of different alloying elements and added secondary-phase particles in W),and application-oriented benefits have been summarized.After clarifying the current status,main challenges,and triumphant successes for additively manufacturing W materials,we further provide a concise prospect into the development of additively manufactured(AMed) W materials by integrating potential fabrication,measurement,alloy design,and application’s considerations.In summary,this critical review investigates the fundamental and practical problems crucially limiting the applications of AMed W materials,and the comprehensive discussion concentrates the history of the development and combination between AM techniques and W design.All the understanding is of great importance to achieving foreseeable successful future applications of AMed W materials.

Cellulose Nanocrystal from Washingtonia Fibre and Its Characterization

Cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)is a biomaterial derived from plant lignocellulosic components,widely applied in various industrial fields.Concurrently,with the growth of awareness in developing green nanomaterial,the explored Washingtonia fibre could be alternative biomass for obtaining CNC products.In the present work,different acid concentrations of 5%,15%,and 25%hydrochloric solutions were employed to produce CNCs from Washingtonia fibre.With the chemical treatments,the yield of the CNC product was successfully retained at 21.6%-25.1%.Individually separated and needle-shaped CNC particles could be observed under the microscopic viewing with the increased acid concentrations.From elemental analysis,a relatively pure cellulose compartment was produced for all CNC samples.The zeta potential values between-10 to-16 mV proved that each nanoparticle sample possessed dispersion ability within an aqueous solution.Meanwhile,the degree of crystallinity and the thermal behavior of CNCs were enhanced with the increased acidic concentrations.Hence,the isolated CNCs(with 15%)from Washingtonia fibre lead a CNC with the highest aspect ratio(30).This parameter is so important that these structures show empowering points of view as nanomaterials for reinforced polymer composites,and it could be a reliable nano-filler for the composite fabrication process in the future.

Cellulose Fibre from Schinus molle and Its Characterization

The exploitation of biomass represents a major environmental challenge related to the protection of the environment and the progressive exhaust of fossil resources.In this perspective,the main objective of this work is the extraction and the characterization of natural lignocellulosic fibers from the Schinus molle.The cellulose fibre extraction was investigated employing conditions of alkali treatment.After the alkaline steps,a bleaching treatment was done and let to a yield about 45%pure cellulose.The identification of the chemical composition of Schinus molle reveals that this raw material contains a high level of biopolymers with a cellulose rate of 53.2%.Extracted cellulose fibers have been characterized by several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared,X-ray diffraction,Morfi,and by the determination of their degree of polymerization.FT-IR results confirm the purity of the cellulosic fibers,and XRD analysis reveals that the crystallinity increases after the delignification and bleaching treatments.

Strong dependency of the tribological behavior of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses on relative humidity in ambient air

Thanks to their outstanding mechanical properties,Bulk Metallic Glasses(BMGs)are new alternatives to traditional crystalline metals for mechanical and micromechanical applications including power transmission.However,the tribological properties of BMGs are still poorly understood,mostly because their amorphous nature induces counter intuitive responses to friction and wear.In the present study,four different BMGs(Cu_(47)Zr_(46)Al_(7),Zr_(46)Cu_(45)Al_(7)Nb_(2),Zr_(60)Cu_(28)Al_(12),and Zr_(61)Cu_(25)Al_(12)Ti_(2))underwent ball-on-disc friction tests against 100Cr6 steel balls(American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI)52100)at different relative humidities(RHs)ranging from 20%to 80%.Controlling humidity enabled to observe a high repeatability of the friction and wear responses of the BMG.Interestingly,the friction coefficient decreased by a factor of 2 when the humidity was increased,and the wear rate of BMGs was particularly low thanks to a 3rd-body tribolayer that forms on the BMG surface,composed of oxidized wear particles originating from the ball.The morphology of this tribolayer is highly correlated to humidity.The study also identifies how the tribolayer is built up from the initial contact until the steady state is achieved.

Optimizing magneto-ionic performance in structure/composition-engineered ternary nitrides

Magneto-ionics,an emerging approach to manipulate magnetism that relies on voltage-driven ion motion,holds the promise to boost energy efficiency in information technologies such as spintronic devices or future non-von Neumann computing architectures.For this purpose,stability,reversibility,endurance,and ion motion rates need to be synergistically optimized.Among various ions,nitrogen has demonstrated superior magneto-ionic performance compared to classical species such as oxygen or lithium.Here,we show that ternary Co_(1−x)Fe_(x)N compound exhibits an unprecedented nitrogen magneto-ionic response.Partial substitution of Co by Fe in binary CoN is shown to be favorable in terms of generated magnetization,cyclability and ion motion rates.Specifically,the Co_(0.3)5Fe_(0.65)N films exhibit an induced saturation magnetization of 1,500 emu/cm^(3),a magneto-ionic rate of 35.5 emu/(cm^(3)·s)and endurance exceeding 10^(3) cycles.These values significantly surpass those of other existing nitride and oxide systems.This improvement can be attributed to the larger saturation magnetization of Co_(0.35)Fe_(0.65) compared to individual Co and Fe,the nature and size of structural defects in as-grown films of different composition,and the dissimilar formation energies of Fe and Co with N in the various developed crystallographic structures.

Levels of insecticide resistance to deltamethrin,malathion,and temephos,and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands(French West Indies)

Background:In the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands,Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the only recognized vectors of dengue,chikungunya,and Zika viruses.For around 40 years,malathion was used as a mosquito adulticide and temephos as a larvicide.Since the European Union banned the use of these two insecticide molecules in the first decade of the 21st century,deltamethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis are the remaining adulticide and larvicide,respectively,used in Guadeloupe.In order to improve the management of vector control activities in Guadeloupe and Saint Martin,we investigated Ae.aegypti resistance to and mechanisms associated with deltamethrin,malathion,and temephos.Methods:Ae.aegypti mosquitoes were collected from six different localities of Guadeloupe and Saint Martin.Larvae were used for malathion and temephos bioassays,and adult mosquitoes for deltamethrin bioassays,following World Health Organization recommendations.Knockdown resistance(Kdr)genotyping for V1016I and F1534C mutations,and expression levels of eight enzymes involved in detoxification mechanisms were examined in comparison with the susceptible reference Bora Bora strain.Results:Resistance ratios(RR50)calculated for Ae.aegypti larvae showed high resistance levels to temephos(from 8.9 to 33.1-fold)and low resistance levels to malathion(from 1.7 to 4.4-fold).Adult females displayed moderate resistance levels to deltamethrin regarding the time necessary to affect 50%of individuals,varying from 8.0 to 28.1-fold.Molecular investigations on adult mosquitoes showed high resistant allele frequencies for V1016I and F1534C(from 85 to 96%and from 90 to 98%,respectively),as well as an overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene,GSTe2,the carboxylesterase CCEae3a,and the cytochrome genes 014614,CYP6BB2,CYP6M11,and CYP9J23.Conclusions:Ae.aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and Saint Martin exhibit multiple resistance to organophosphates(temephos and malathion),and pyrethroids(deltamethrin).The mechanisms associated with these resistance patterns show strong frequencies of F1534C and V1016I Kdr mutations,and an over-expression of CCEae3a,GSTe2,and four cytochrome P450 genes(014614,CYP9J23,CYP6M11,CYP6BB2).These results will form the baseline for a deeper understanding of the insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms of Ae.aegypti populations and will be used to improve vector control strategies in Guadeloupe and Saint Martin.

An efficient sensitivity analysis for energy performance of building envelope: A continuous derivative based approach

Within the framework of building energy assessment,this article proposes to use a derivative based sensitivity analysis of heat transfer models in a building envelope.Two,global and local,estimators are obtained at low computational cost,to evaluate the influence of the parameters on the model outputs.Ranking of these estimators values allows to reduce the number of model unknown parameters by excluding non-significant parameters.A comparison with variance and regression-based methods is carried out and the results highlight the satisfactory accuracy of the continuous-based approach.Moreover,for the carried investigations the approach is 100 times faster compared to the variance-based methods.A case study applies the method to a real-world building wall.The sensitivity of the thermal loads to local or global variations of the wall thermal properties is investigated.Additionally,a case study of wall with window is analyzed.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen in children:a two-case report of laparoscopic total or partial splenectomy and a literature review

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transfor-mation(SANT)is a rare splenic lesion first described by Martel et al in 2004.^(1)As reported,SANT is a benign vascular lesion of the red pulp of the spleen,presenting under the microscope as angiomatoid nodules in a fibrosclerotic stroma.

Histone variants:critical determinants in tumour heterogeneity

Malignant cell transformation could be considered as a series of cell reprogramming events driven by oncogenic transcription factors and upstream signalling pathways.Chromatin plasticity and dynamics are critical determinants in the control of cell reprograming.An increase in chromatin dynamics could therefore constitute an essential step in driving oncogenesis and in generating tumour cell heterogeneity,which is indispensable for the selection of aggressive properties,including the ability of cells to disseminate and acquire resistance to treatments.Histone supply and dosage,as well as histone variants,are the best-known regulators of chromatin dynamics.By facilitating cell reprogramming,histone under-dosage and histone variants should also be crucial in cell transformation and tumour metastasis.Here we summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of histone supply and histone variants in chromatin dynamics and their ability to enhance oncogenic cell reprogramming and tumour heterogeneity.

Bubbles and incentives:an experiment on asset markets

We explore the effects of competitive incentives and of their time horizon on the evolution of both asset prices and trading activity in experimental asset markets.We compare(i)a no-bonus treatment;(ii)a short-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of each trading period;(iii)a long-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of the 15 periods of the market.We find that the existence of bonus contracts does not increase the likelihood of bubbles but it affects their severity,depending on the time horizon of bonuses.Markets with longterm bonus contracts experience lower price deviations and a lower turnover of assets than markets with either no bonuses or long-term bonus contracts.Short-term bonus contracts increase price deviations but only when markets include a higher share of male traders.At the individual level,the introduction of bonus contracts increases the trading activity of males,probably due to their higher competitiveness.