Wireless Sensor Enabled Public Transportation System

Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) in real time is becoming an urgent necessity due to rapid increase in the number of vehicles on roads. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology can be used for vehicle identification to gather information in real-time from roads by getting the vehicles location from RFID readers placed in the vehicle. This paper focuses on designing the Public Vehicle Location System (PVLS). The proposed structure consists of passive RFID tags placed at various locations on the chosen route, RFID reader on the Bus, wireless communication with a PC and commanding software (RFID reader and database structure), also PVLS applications and website. The designed system controls, manages and monitors the performance of RFID readers. It also filters and stores the information in an appropriate format so that it could be used without difficulty in the application system and website. The system implemented by using RFID is placed in the Bus which is programmed by Visual C# 2008 with Compact .Net Framework.

Power Quality Improvement of Distribution Network Using BESS and Capacitor Bank

The power demand around the world is increasing rapidly.The aging distribution network architectures are used by the existing utility companies to deliver power to the consumers,which significantly affects the reliability,stability and quality of the delivered power.Different techniques such as compensation devices have been used by power system engineers and researchers to maintain the quality of power transmitted to end users.In this paper,wattage and volt-amp reactive(VAR)planning scheme has been proposed by using the combination of battery energy storage systems(BESS)and compensators to deal with the vulnerability of networks to voltage drop and system inefficiency.The cost-effective combination of BESS and shunt capacitor bank will then be analyzed to indicate the benefit of the proposed scheme.

Workability Behaviour of Fe-C-Mo Steel Preforms During Cold Forging

A systematic method to construct the workability diagram for powder metallurgy （P/M） materials has been proposed. Preforms of Fe-0.8 %C, Fe-0.8% C-1% Mo and Fe-0.8 % C 2 % Mo were prepared to the relative den-sity of 0.86 with two different geometries through primary operations of P/M processes. Each sintered preform was cold upset forged with incremental compressive loading of 0.04 MN under three different lubricant conditions till a visible crack appeared at the free surface. Oyane＇s fracture criterion was used to develop a theory to study P/M prod-ucts. The least square method was used to determine the constants in fracture criteria and these equations were even- tually used to construct workability diagram. It is found that the proposed method was well in agreement with the experimental results.

Carbon mineralization in subtropical alluvial arable soils amended with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars

Subtropical recent alluvial soils are low in organic carbon(C).Thus,increasing organic C is a major challenge to sustain soil fertility.Biochar amendment could be an option as biochar is a C-rich pyrolyzed material,which is slowly decomposed in soil.We investigated C mineralization(CO_(2)-C evolution)in two types of soils(recent and old alluvial soils)amended with two feedstocks(sugarcane bagasse and rice husk)(1%,weight/weight),as well as their biochars and aged biochars under a controlled environment(25±2℃)over 85 d.For the recent alluvial soil(charland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment(1140 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)followed by the rice husk treatment(1090 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(150 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Similarly,for the old alluvial soil(farmland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution(1290 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment and then in the rice husk treatment(1270 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(200 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was in the aged rice husk biochar treatment.Aged sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochar treatments reduced absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution by 10%and 36%,respectively,compared with unamended recent alluvial soil,and by 10%and 18%,respectively,compared with unamended old alluvial soil.Both absolute and normalized C mineralization were similar between the sugarcane bagasse and rice husk treatments,between the biochar treatments,and between the aged biochar treatments.In both soils,the feedstock treatments resulted in the highest cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution,followed by the biochar treatments and then the aged biochar treatments.The absolute and normalized CO_(2)-C evolution and the mineralization rate constant of the stable C pool(K_(s))were lower in the recent alluvial soil compared with those in the old alluvial soil.The biochars and aged biochars had a negative priming effect in both soils,but the effect was more prominent in the recent alluvial soil.These results would have good implications for improving organic matter content in organic C-poor alluvial soils.