Initiating Chinese student teachers into action research

This paper discusses the effectiveness of action research by student teachers during their practicum. Following the review of literature and the presentation of the advantages of action research by student teachers, the paper suggests a three-phased action research process in student teachers＇ practicum. In China, initiating student teachers into an action research approach in teacher preparation programmes, which offers a way to narrow the theory-practice gap, a big problem to student teachers, can effectively integrate professional knowledge and classroom teaching practice and prepare them for the complex role they will face in today＇s world.

Urchin-like NiO Superstructures Prepared by Simple Thermal Decomposition Process

Urchin-like Ni O superstructures have been prepared via a thermal decomposition reaction of Ni C_2O_4 at 400 for 1h. The morphology and structure of the synthesized urchin-like superstructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that urchin-like Ni O superstructures were a polycrystal with cubic structure and typical diameters of 200 to 500 nm and the self-assembly nanoparticles average diameter is 14 nm. The as-prepared Ni O superstructures have a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 60.32 m^2/g. The UV-vis spectrum of urchin-like Ni O consists of one peak at 357 nm(3.47 e V).

Analytical Approximation to the(e)-Wave Solutions of the Hulthén Potential in Tridiagonal Representation

The Schr(o)dinger equation with the Hulthén potential is studied by working in a complete square integrable basis that carries a tridiagonal matrix representation of the wave operator.The arbitrary e-wave solutions are obtained by using an approximation of the centrifugal term.The resulting three-term recursion relation for the expansion coefficients of the wavefunction is presented and the wavefunctions are expressed in terms of the Jocobi polynomial.The discrete spectrum of the bound states is obtained by the diagonalization of the recursion relation.

Winter habitat use of snow leopards in Tomur National Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,Northwest China

Snow leopards are one of the least known large cats, the population of which has dramatically de- creased. Their habitat loss was considered the main reason for the decline during the last decade, but their habitat preferences are still not well known. In this paper, we studied the winter habitat preferences of snow leopards in the Tomur National Nature Reserve （TNNR） in Northwest China during 2004-2005. We used sign surveys and tran- sects to study the winter habitat selection of snow leopards. The results indicated that snow leopards showed a preference for habitat variabilities in slope aspect, vegetation cover, dominant topographical features, landform ruggedness and grazing status. We found that prey availability and dominant topographical features were the most important factors that determined the winter habitat selection of snow leopards. Our results supported the idea that the habitat preferences of snow leopards are a tradeoff between suitable habitat features and avoidance of potential human interactions.

Analytical Solutions of the Manning-Rosen Potential In the Tridiagonal Program

The Schr？dinger equation with the Manning-Rosen potential is studied by working in a complete square integrable basis that carries a tridiagonal matrix representation of the wave operator. In this program, solving the Schr？dinger equation is translated into finding solutions of the resulting three-term recursion relation for the expansion coefficients of the wavefunction. The discrete spectrum of the bound states is obtained by diagonalization of the recursion relation with special choice of the parameters and the wavefunctions is expressed in terms of the Jocobi polynomial.

Impacts of Global Warming on Patterns of Temperature Change in China

Global climate change has a wide range ofimpacts,and this paper presents an investigation onhow global warming has changed the relationshipbetween air temperature and latitude & altitude usingthe meteorological data obtained from 160 stations inChina. The investigation indicates that there are verydistinct seasonal differences in patterns of tempera-ture variation as a function of latitude and altitude:avery significant latitude effect in winter and a verysignificant altitude effect in summer. However,withglobal warming,the latitude effect in winter isweakening and the altitude effect in summer isstrengthening. This pattern of change in therelationship between temperature and latitude &altitude is helpful in efforts to reconstruct and explainthe past temperature patterns and variations.

Selection of Night Roosting-Sites for Blue-Eared Pheasants in Breeding Season

[ Objective] To represent characteristics of roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasant （ Crossoptilon auritum） in breeding season and the fac- tors affecting selection of roosting-sites. [ Method] A total of 32 night roosting-sites of blue-eared pheasants and 45 control sites were selected from the Gahai-Zecha Nature Reserve in Gansu Province in breeding season. Fifteen habitat factors including landform, vegetation and distance were surveyed. Chi-square test and test of significance were conducted. And major environmental factors affecting selection of roosting-sites were deter- mined by principal component analysis. [ Result] As shown by the chi-square analysis, roosting-sites were characterized by sunny slope; steeper slope; higher arbor coverage, arbor height and trunk diameter; and lower shrub coverage, shrub height, grass coverage and grass height. The principal component analysis showed that shrub coverage, shrub height, distance to road, moss coverage and grass height were the key factors for the blue-eared pheasants to choose roosting-sites. [ Conclusion] Blue-eared pheasants usually select coniferous forest on sunny and steeper slope which has many high shrubs as their night roosting-sites.

Research on the Urban Integration of Land-losing Farmers

Fishbone chart is used to analyze the status of the living ability of land-losing farmers, as well as its causation from the aspects of system layer, social support network, land-losing farmer themselves, and economic layer. Result shows that the system layer includes the unreasonable land compensation, the lack of social security for land-losing farmers, and the employment exclusion of land-losing farmers. Small scale and low heterogeneity are the causations for social support network. Low willingness to become citizens, low cultural quality and difficulty in role change are the causations of land-losing farmers themselves. The low expected return and high living cost are the causations for economic layer. Based on the above analysis, countermeasures to improve the urban-living ability of land-losing farmers are put forward, such as improving the land expropriation system, establishing a multi-level social security system, enhancing the training and employment mechanism of land-losing farmers, and improving the quality of land-losing farmers.

On the Strategies of Helping Students Develop Positive Affections in FLT

Former language experts and education practitioners have explored a lot as to the handing of affective factors in foreign language teaching and learning.Based on their achievements and also the observation,investigation and practice of the present author,several strategies of helping learners overcome negative affects and construct positive ones in foreign language learning and teaching will be put forward,with the guidance of principles formulated in this essay,which is very helpful to our teachers.

Reflections on the Acquisition-learning Hypothesis and the Input Hypothesis

The Acquisition-learning hypothesis and the Input hypothesis are two of the five basic hypotheses in the Monitor model,first described by Krashion in the 1970s.The writer put forward her own assesmemt of the two hypothesises,which is of significance for SLA.

Equivalence In Translation Studies

Equivalence,a term used by many writers to describe the nature and the extent of the relationships which exist be tween SL and TL.The paper introduces it from different perspective and finally reach the conclusion that equivalence serves as the permanent scale for people to measure the reasonable,sufficient and appropriate meaning to their own sense.

Altitude Effects of Climatic Variation on Tibetan Plateau and Its Vicinities

High topographies, such as the Tibetan plateau （TP） in China, have been considered as the sensitive areas in response to global climate change. By analyzing the relationship between warming structure and altitude （1 000-5 000 m） in the TP and its vicinities using the 46-year January mean observed temperature data, we found that there was a significant altitude effect of temperature warming onset time （mutation time） on the plateau and the neighboring regions： the higher the altitude, the later the climate warming happens, and vice versa. There also seems a slight altitude effect on warming magnitude： the higher the altitude, the less the warming magnitude. Therefore, the temperature warming in the high altitude area of the TP （below 5 000 m） responds to global warming less sensitively than the low-altitude neighboring areas both in onset time and magnitude, which may be mainly caused by high albedo and large thermal capacity of the ice/snow cover on the higher part of the plateau and possible heat island effect in the lower part of the plateau.

Precipitation Effects on Temperature—A Case Study in China

To discover the mechanism of the continuous summer temperature decline in certain re-gions against significant global warming,456 national meteorological observational stations with long term of observed daily temperature and precipitation data were applied to analyze the relationship between precipitation and temperature.Results show that there is a significant negative correlation between precipitation and temperature,indicating that precipitation influences temperature signifi-cantly：the more the precipitation,the lower the temperature,and vice versa.The precipitation effect on temperature can reasonably interpret the typical summer temperature in Southwest China and can partly explain why global warming is more significant in winter than in summer and more significant in higher latitude areas than in lower latitude.

On Some Diophantine Fourier Series

We continue our study on arithmetical Fourier series by considering two Fourier series which are related to Diophantine analysis. The first one was studied by Hardy and Littlewood in connection with the classification of numbers and the second one was studied by Hartman and Wintner by Lebesgue integration theory.