Bio-geomorphologic features and growth process of Tamarix nabkhas in Hotan River Basin, Xinjiang

Tamarix nabkha is one of the most widespread nabkhas, distributing in the arid region of China. Based on the observations outdoors and the simulation experiments in laboratories, analysis in this paper refers to the biological geomorphologic features and growth process of Tamarix nabkhas in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River, Xinjiang. And the results indicate that the ecological type of Tamarix in the study area is a kind of Tugaic soil habitat based on the deep soil of the Populus Diversifolia forests and shrubs. This type of habitat can be divided into three kinds of sub-habitats which demonstrate the features of ecological environment of Tamarix nabkhas during the differential developed phases. Meanwhile, the Tamar, ix nabkha can exert intensified disturbance current on wind-sand flow on the ground,and its root and stems not only have strong potential of sprouting but are characteristic of wind erosion-tolerance, resistance to be buried by sand and respectively tough rigid of the lignified branches, for it has a rather longer life-time. Thus, the wind speed profile influenced by the Tamarix nabkha is different from the Phragmites nabkha and Alhagi nabkha. And the structure of the wind flow is beneficial to aeolian sand accumulating in/around Tamarix shrub, which can create unique Tamarix nabkhas with higher average gradient and longer periodicity of life. Tamarix nabkha evolution in the area experienced three stages： growth stage, mature and steady stage and withering stage. In each stage, morphological features and geomorphic process of Tamarix nabkha are different due to the discrep- ant interaction between the nabkha and aeolian sand flow.

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

Vertical patterns in plant diversity and their relations with environmental factors on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(middle section)in Xinjiang(China)

The investigation of distribution patterns of species diversity is significant for successful biodiversity conservation. The spatial patterns of vegetation and different life-forms species diversity along an elevation gradient in the middle section of the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China were explored, using the detrended canonical correspondence analysis （DCCA） and the generalized additive model （GAM） methods based on a field survey of 53 sampling plots. In this work 158 species of seed plants were recorded, including 141 herbaceous, 14 shrub, and 2 tree species, in which the woody plants are very limited. 53 sampling plots were classified into 9 major plant communities. The results indicate that the herb communities were the most sensitive to changes in elevation gradient. The diversity indices of the community as a whole presented bimodal patterns. The peak values for the species diversities were found in the transition region between mountain steppe desert and mountain desert steppe （2,200-2,300m）, and in the alpine grassland region （2,900-3,100m）, while maximum species diversities were in the areas of intermediate environmental gradient. The main environmental factors on the distribution patterns in plant diversity were the elevation, soft water, total nitroeen, available nitrogen, organic matter, and total salt. The response tendency of the four diversity indices for the whole community to the soil environment was the same as that of the herb layers.

NORMAL FAMILIES OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS WITH SHARED VALUES

We obtain some normality criteria of families of meromorphic functions sharing values related to Hayman conjecture, which improves some earlier related results.

Dynamic analysis and evaluation of Xinjiang forest resources:based on RS and GIS

The forest resources in Xinjiang were surveyed and analyzed based on RS and GIS. Satellite data interpretation was adopted to obtain the general situation of Xinjiang forest resources in assistance with the sampling method and on-the-spot investigations. Based on GIS, related data obtained from satellite remote sensing in 1996 and 2001 were studied through contrastive analysis. Moreover, the dynamic variation of Xinjiang forest resources was studied in an all-around way. In the past five years, the areas of the forestland, woodland, sparse woodland, nursery garden and the land usable for forestry in Xinjiang kept growing, moreover, the forest cover rate and the total standing stock volume increased correspondingly, showing that the wooded area and the amount of growing stock in Xinjiang were increasing. The forestland area in Xinjiang went up to 17,837 km^2 from 17,331 km^2, with an annual average increase of 101 km^2. Accordingly, the forest vegetation came to 1.08% from 1.05%, up 0.03 percentage point; the total standing stock volume went up to 289,985,200 m^3 from 262,416,000 m^3, a total increase of 27,569,200 m^3, an annual average increase of 5,514,000 m^3 and an annual average net growth rate of 2.00%. The analysis results showed that the forest resources in Xinjiang were increasing on the whole, however, there remained some problems, such as the sparse natural forests, low forest cover rate, imbalanced wood age structure, and mono tree species composition, etc.

Interactions between water-land resources and oasis urban development at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China

Urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is largely constrained by fragile physical environ- ments. The characteristics of an urban settlement are different from those in other regions of China. This paper analyses the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal variations for oasis urban development and water-land resources at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains by principal component analysis and a coupling degree model. The result shows that the degree and change in regional use of water and land resources are different among the studied cities/counties during their development. The built-up areas of these cities/counties have changed little with increasing populations and urbanization levels, which well reflects that the urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is limited by oasis areas. Per capita amount of water supplied, however, presented a trend of slowed growth with increasing levels of urbanization. Water consumption gradually increased with urban development and the improvement of people＇s living standards, accompanied by enhanced water use efficiency. The level of urbanization can be assessed through the coupling degree between oasis urban development and the use of water and land resources. A high coupling degree represents a high level of comprehensive urban devel- opment and use of water-land resources. Alternatively, a low coupling degree denotes a low level of urban devel- opment and water-land resource use.

Contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils of Baghrash County, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Soil pollution significantly reduces environmental quality.In this study,farmland soil samples were collected from 25 sites in Baghrash County,Northwest China;and the concentrations of eight heavy-metal elements(arsenic,As;cadmium,Cd;chromium,Cr;copper,Cu;manganese,Mn;nickel,Ni;lead,Pb;zinc,Zn)were determined by standard methods.The spatial distribution,contamination level,and ecological risk stature of heavy metals were analyzed based on GIS technology,the Geo-accumulation Index(Igeo),the Pollution Load Index(PLI),and the Potential Ecological Risk Index(RI).Results indicated that(1)The average concentrations of Cd exceeded 12.12 times the allowed national standard for soil environmental quality of China.The average concentrations of Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,and Zn exceeded the background values of irrigation soils in Xinjiang by 60.58,1.25,1.50,4.95,and 5.10 times,respectively.(2)The pollution order of the average value of Igeo for heavy metals was ranked as Cd>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cu>As>Mn.The individual potential ecological risk index for heavy metals was ranked in the order of Cd>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn.The average PLI for the study area showed a heavy pollution level,while the average RI showed a considerable ecological risk stature,as compared to the classification standard.(3)The spatial distribution patterns of eight heavy metal elements were substantially heterogeneous.The moderately polluted areas with moderate potential ecological risks were distributed in the southern parts of the study area,whereas the heavily polluted areas with considerable potential ecological risks were distributed in the northern parts.Overall,it was observed that Cd contributed most to the PLI and RI of the farmland soils in Baghrash County.The pollution risk of Cd should be a major concern,and human activities in the region should be cautious.

Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions Concerning Shared Analytic Function

In this paper, we use Pang-Zalcman lemma to investigate the normal family of meromorphic functions concerning shared analytic function, which improves some earlier related results.

Geostatistical analysis of variations in soil salinity in a typical irrigation area in Xinjiang, northwest China

Characterizing spatial and temporal variability of soil salinity is tremendously important for a variety of agronomic and environmental concerns in arid irrigation areas. This paper reviews the characteristics and spatial and temporal variations of soil salinization in the Ili River Irrigation Area by applying a geostatistical approach. Results showed that: (1) the soil salinity varied widely, with maximum value of 28.10 g/kg and minimum value of 0.10 g/kg, and was distributed mainly at the surface soil layer. Anions were mainly SO42- and Cl-, while cations were mainly Na+ and Ca2+; (2) the abundance of salinity of the root zone soil layer for different land use types was in the following order: grassland > cropland > forestland. The abundance of salinity of root zone soil layers for different periods was in the following order: March > June > September; (3) the spherical model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0-3 cm and 3-20 cm soil layers in March and June, and the 3-20 cm soil layer in September, while the exponential model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0-3 cm soil layer in September. Relatively strong spatial and temporal structure existed for soil salinity due to lower nugget effects; and (4) the maps of kriged soil salinity showed that higher soil salinity was distributed in the central parts of the study area and lower soil salinity was distributed in the marginal parts. Soil salinity tended to increase from the marginal parts to the central parts across the study area. Applying the kriging method is very helpful in detecting the problematic areas and is a good tool for soil resources management. Managing efforts on the appropriate use of soil and water resources in such areas is very important for sustainable agriculture, and more attention should be paid to these areas to prevent future problems.

Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions Concerning Shared Fixed-points

In this paper, we study the normality criteria of meromorphic functions concerning shared fixed-points, we obtain: Let F be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D. Let n, k ≥ 2 be two positive integers. For every f ∈ F, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least (nk+2)/(n-1). If f(f(k))nand g(g(k))nshare z in D for each pair of functions f and g, then F is normal.

Research on Coupling Relationship between Social Economy and Ecological Environment in Jinghe County of Aiby Lake Basin,Xinjiang

Based on the theory of sustainable development,using the theory and method of coupling relationship,the main city of Aiby Lake basin——Jinghe County in Xinjiang is selected. Based on the analyses of natural condition,population growth,land use type and ecological environment,the comprehensive evaluation index systems of socio-economic development level and eco-environment quality in Jinghe County are constructed. Using principal component analysis,a comprehensive evaluation of socio-economic development level and ecological environment quality in Jinghe County is conducted by combining with Excel. Their coupling relationship is studied,and quantitative coordination degree between social economy and ecological environment in Jinghe County is obtained. The results show that in recent 50 years,socio-economic development level in Jinghe County is rising,but the ecological environment quality is falling. Their coupling degree C changes during [- 1. 260, ＋ 0. 482],in other words,their coupling relationship is changing between ＂ reluctant coordination＂ and ＂ not coordination＂. After entering into the 21 stcentury,their coupling relationship is basically ＂ reluctant coordination＂. On this basis,the existing problems in the process of sustainable development in Jinghe County are analyzed,and the suggestions about promoting coordinated development between social economy and ecological environment are put forward.

A Note on Normal Families of Meromorphic Functions and Sharing Set

In the paper,we prove the main result:Let k(≥2)be an integer,and a,b and c be three distinct complex numbers.Let F be a family of functions holomorphic in a domain D in complex plane,all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k.Suppose that for each f∈F,f(z)and f(k)(z)share the set{a,b,c}.Then F is a normal family in D.

The Normal Family of Meromorphic Functions Concerning Shared Analytic Function

In this paper,we study the normal criterion of meromorphic functions concerning shared analytic function.We get some theorems concerning shared analytic function,which improves some earlier related results.

Study on ecological migration in Xinjiang, China

This paper expounds on the meaning of migration and the status quo of studies at home and abroad on migration and ecological migration. It focuses on the discussion of the necessity of ecological migration in Xinjiang, and the problems faced by the ecological emigrants, such as the lack of water, the serious land salination and basification, sand storms, and the adaptation to the environment. Besides, it probes into the problems existing in the ecological migration, including the unscientific design of the moving project, the defects of the reclamation work, and the irrational treatment of the relation between ecological migration and regional development. Based on this, we put forward some suggestions about and countermeasures against those problems.

The Value Distribution and Normality Criteria of a Class of Meromorphic Functions

In this article,we use Zalcman Lemma to investigate the normal family of meromorphic functions concerning shared values,which improves some earlier related results.

Normal Families of Holomorphic Functions Concerning Zero Numbers

In this paper, we study the normal families related with a Hayman conjecture of higher derivative concerning zero numbers, and get one normal criteria.Our result improve some earlier related result.

Some Notes on Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions

In this paper, we study the normality of families of meromorohic functions related to a Hayman conjecture. We prove that the conditions in Hayman conjecture and in other criterions can be relaxed. The results in this paper improve some previous results.

Normality Criteria of Meromorphic Functions

In this paper, we consider normality criteria for a family of meromorphic functions concerning shared values. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D, m, n, k and d be four positive integers satisfying m ≥ n ＋ 2 and d≥k＋1/m-n-1 and a（≠ 0）, b be two finite constants. Suppose that every f∈F has all its zeros and poles of multiplicity at least k and d, respectively. If （fn）（k）-afm and （gn）（k） -agm share the value b for every pair of functions （f, g） of ~, then is normal in D. Our results improve the related theorems of Schwick （Schwick W. Normality criteria for families of meromorphic function. J. Anal. Math., 1989, 52： 241-289）, Li and Gu （Li Y T, Gu Y X. On normal families of meromorphic functions. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2009, 354： 421-425）.

Normal Families of Meromorphic Functions and Shared Set

In this paper,we study the normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions concerning shared set depending on f∈F.Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in the unit disc A.For each f∈F,all zeros of f have multiplicity at least 2 and there exist nonzero complex numbers b_f,c_f satisfying(i) b_f/c_f is a constant;(ii) min{σ(0,b_f),σ(0,c_f),σ(b_f,c_f)} ≥m for some m > 0;(iii) E_f'(S_f)■ E_f(S_f),where S_f = {b_f,c_f}.Then F is normal in A.At the same time,the corresponding results are also proved.The results in this paper improve and generalize the related results

Cognition and Motivation:Analysis of the Willingness of Potential Trustors in Land Trusteeship Based on the Survey and Research of Land Trusteeship Experiment in X Prefecture,Xinjiang

The problem of identifying and absorbing new demand subjects in the operation of land trusteeship in X Prefecture is prominent.Under the guidance of studying the willingness of farmers in X Prefecture to participate in land trusteeship,this paper makes statistical analysis and empirical analysis.Finally,it is concluded that the willingness of farmers to participate in land trusteeship is related to farmers'agricultural operation,farmers'awareness of land trusteeship and incentive factors related to government policies.The better the situation of farmers'agricultural operation,the lower their trusteeship willingness.Farmers'awareness of land trusteeship and policy-related incentive factors play a positive role in promoting their willingness.