The increasing global concern regarding plastic pollution has prompted the research into the consequences of microplastics(MPs)on aquatic ecosystems.Fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis are freshwater planktonic or...The increasing global concern regarding plastic pollution has prompted the research into the consequences of microplastics(MPs)on aquatic ecosystems.Fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis are freshwater planktonic organisms that have existed for 250 million years.This study aimed to uncover the harmful effects of MPs,with a particular focus on their size variations(0.1,1,and 5μm),on the fairy shrimp.We focused on how MPs could significantly affect the survival and growth of fairy shrimp.Notably,larger MPs,especially those measuring 5μm,caused higher mortality rates and hindered the growth compared to smaller ones.The impact of MPs continued even subsequent to depuration in clean water.The accumulation of MPs within the intestines of fairy shrimp resulted in intestinal blockages,disrupted excretory functions,and harmed intestinal epithelial cells.Examinations at the histological,cellular,and molecular levels showed that exposure to MPs triggered necroptosis in intestinal cells,accompanied by alterations in pathways related to transcription,translation,digestion,energy metabolism,and neurological functions.Furthermore,the effects of MPs on gene expression and pathways varied based on particle size,with larger MPs having a more significant effect and causing a strong response in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism pathways.We suggest that the increasing severity of MPs pollution could pose a significant threat to the survival of fairy shrimp.This study provided vital insights into the complex relationship between microplastics and aquatic organisms,and highlighted the urgent need to address the potential devastating impact of plastic pollution on freshwater ecosystems.Additionally,due to their rapid growth,strong reproductive capacity,sensitivity,and ease of cultivation,fairy shrimp hold the potential candidate to serve as a model organism for studying the effects of MPs and other pollutants on freshwater ecosystems.展开更多
Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid ...Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.展开更多
The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food...The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food items, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plant matter, debris, sand, and mud. The objective of this study was to compare different feeds on growth and survival of A. vulgaris reared in fiberglass tanks containing 70 m<sup>3</sup> of seawater salinity 25 ppt over a period of 70 days. Individual shrimps were fed with four different types of feeds i.e., newly hatched Artemia (Ar), rotifer (Ro), newly hatched Artemia + rotifer (ArRo) and shrimp larvae commercial feed (SF). Results suggested that specific growth rates (both for body weight and body length) of shrimps reared with SF were not significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, ArRo and Ro (p ≥ 0.05). The survival rate of A. vulgaris did not vary significantly (p ≥ 0.05) among the Ar, Ro and ArRo treatments. However, the highest survival rate of shrimp (81.78% ± 3.08%) was observed in SF treatment and the percentage of survival rate was significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, Ro and ArRo (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reflected the ability of Acetes shrimps to consume diverse food types including both live feed and pelleted feed. Insights obtained from this research suggested that artificial feed can be as efficient as live feeds. This new knowledge is a needed addition to a currently lacking knowledge base for aquaculture of this Acetes species.展开更多
This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochl...This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.展开更多
The Rauer Group is located on the eastern margin of the early Paleozoic Prydz Belt in East Antarctica,and the typical ultrahigh-temperature(UHT,>900℃)granulites outcrop on Mather Peninsula.However,the timing of UH...The Rauer Group is located on the eastern margin of the early Paleozoic Prydz Belt in East Antarctica,and the typical ultrahigh-temperature(UHT,>900℃)granulites outcrop on Mather Peninsula.However,the timing of UHT metamorphism and P–T path of the UHT granulites have long been debated,which is critical to understanding the tectonic nature and evolution history of the Prydz Belt.Thus,both a sapphirine-bearing UHT metapelitic granulite and a garnet-bearing UHT mafic granulite are selected for zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age dating.The results show that metamorphic zircon mantles yield weighted mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages of 918±29 Ma and 901±29 Ma for the metapelitic and mafic granulites,respectively,while zircon rims and newly grown zircons yield weighted mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages of 523±9 Ma and 532±11 Ma,respectively.These new zircon age data suggest that the UHT granulites may have experienced polymetamorphism,in which pre-peak prograde stage occurred in the early Neoproterozoic Grenvillian orogenesis(1000–900 Ma),whereas the UHT metamorphism occurred in the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Pan-African orogenesis(580–460 Ma).This implies that P–T path of the UHT granulites should consist of two separate high-grade metamorphic events including the Grenvillian and Pan-African events,which are supposed to be related to assembly of Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents respectively,and hence the overprinting UHT metamorphic event may actually reflect an important intracontinental reworking.展开更多
Traditionally fermented shrimp paste has a long fermentation period and is susceptible of external factors,which leads to unstable quality and limits its development and application.Therefore,the purpose of this study...Traditionally fermented shrimp paste has a long fermentation period and is susceptible of external factors,which leads to unstable quality and limits its development and application.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to analyze the flavor changes in the shrimp paste fermentation process and screen out the key volatile aroma components in the shrimp paste to control the flavor quality of the shrimp paste products.The overall odor profile was detected by the electronic nose.A total of 106 volatile flavor compounds in the shrimp paste samples at different fermentation stages were identified by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS)and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS).The main aroma components alcohols,aldehydes,pyrazines and other substances in the fermentation process showed an overall upward trend.A total of 17 key volatile aroma components in shrimp paste at different fermentation stages were identified by the relative aroma activity value(ROAV)method.The combination of electronic nose,SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS could comprehensively reflect the changes of volatile components in shrimp paste at different fermentation stages,which helps to further understand the mechanism of shrimp paste flavor formation and provides a basis for the regulation of the flavor quality of shrimp paste products.展开更多
Shrimp sauce,one of the traditional salt-fermented food in China,has a unique flavor that is influenced by the resident microflora.The quality of salt-fermented shrimp sauce was evaluated in this work by determining t...Shrimp sauce,one of the traditional salt-fermented food in China,has a unique flavor that is influenced by the resident microflora.The quality of salt-fermented shrimp sauce was evaluated in this work by determining the total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),the amino acid nitrogen(AAN),organic acid,5’-nucleotide and free amino acids(FAA).Moreover,the dynamics of microbial diversity during processing was investigated by using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the AAN,TVB-N,organic acid,5’-nucleotide and FAA content were in range of 0.93-1.42 g/100 mL,49.91-236.27 mg/100 mL,6.65-20.68 mg/mL,3.51-6.56 mg/mL and 81.27-102.90 mg/mL.Among the microbial diversity found in the shrimp sauce,Tetragenococcus,Flavobacterium,Polaribacter,Haematospirillum and Staphylococcus were the predominant genera.Correlation analysis indicated that the bacteria Tetragenococcus and Staphylococcus were important in the formation of non-volatile compounds.Tetragenococcus positively correlated with a variety of FAAs;Staphylococcus positively correlated with 5’-nucleotides.The analysis indicated that Tetragenococcus and Staphylococcus were the core genera affecting non-volatile components.These findings indicate the dynamics of the bacterial community and non-volatile components inter-relationships during shrimp sauce fermentation and provide a theoretical basis for improving the fermentation process of shrimp sauce.展开更多
Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allerg...Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allergic symptoms,spleen index,intestinal section and diarrhea were measured in shrimp allergy mice.As the results,seabuckthorn juice suppressed the lesions in jejunum tissue,diarrhea and allergic symptoms in shrimp allergy mice.Seabuckthorn juice also reduced serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α)as well as immunoglobulin E(IgE)and stimulated the secretion of interleukin-10(IL-10)in mice with shrimp allergy.Taken together,our findings suggest that increased IL-10 by seabuckthorn juice inhibits Th2 cytokine production to suppress shrimp allergic symptoms.Furthermore,seabuckthorn juice also regulates shrimp allergy by reducing jejunum lesions,inhibiting levels of TNF-αand IgE.展开更多
The Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic framework of the Nanpanjiang Basin has much been disputed.Herein,the middle-acid volcanic rock,dacite,exposed to the Zhesang gold district,southeast Yunnan Province,has been an...The Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic framework of the Nanpanjiang Basin has much been disputed.Herein,the middle-acid volcanic rock,dacite,exposed to the Zhesang gold district,southeast Yunnan Province,has been analyzed.The results show that the dacite belongs to a calc-alkaline series,SiO_(2)contents range from 62.79 to 76.66 wt%.Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of dacite demonstrates that they were formed in the Early Triassic(247.8±1.7 Ma,MSWD=1.2).All samples exhibit enrichment in LILE(e.g.Rb,K,Th,and U),and depletion in HFSE(e.g.Nb,Ta,and Ti),which has the geochemical affinity of I-type granite.La–La/Sm and La–La/Yb discrimination diagrams show that the partial melting,mainly of the mafic lower crust,of rocks,plays a major role in the formation process.The dacite has low initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.706954 to 0.708589)and negative ε_(Nd)(t)values(-11.77 to-10.88).Zircons in dacite have ε_(Hf)(t)values of-16.2 to-8.3,and the two-stage Hf model ages are 1799–2301 Ma,mostly concentrated between 1800 and 1900 Ma,indicating that the magma source area is the reconstructed ancient lower crust mixed with some mantle materials,and crystal fractionation process underwent in the late stage of magma migration.This study reveals that the arc-volcanic rocks of the Early Triassic in the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang Basin were formed by the subduction of the Late Paleozoic ocean basin within the border region between China and Vietnam.展开更多
In this study,we proposed a reliable and sustainable technique for the clean utilization of shrimp wastes,which can yield a solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis OKF04 containing micronutrients at low cost without the ...In this study,we proposed a reliable and sustainable technique for the clean utilization of shrimp wastes,which can yield a solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis OKF04 containing micronutrients at low cost without the risk of contamination.Study of the culture conditions revealed that the head of shrimp Litopenaus vannamei and the wheat bran acted as suitable substrates for the growth of B.subtilis OKF04.With 60%initial moisture content,30℃culture temperature,and 5%inoculation amount,followed by 48 hours of fermentation and 0.5%soluble starch added during the drying process(50℃for 6h),a solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant with a spore amount of 2.4×10^(10)CFU g^(-1)and a high amino acid content was obtained.The solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant was applied to cultivate pakchoi under pot experiment.As the result,of adding to,the size of stems and leaves,nutritional composition,and physiological activity of pakchoi were significantly(P<0.05)enhanced by solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant.B.subtilis OKF04 also significantly(P<0.05)increased the soil’s nutrient content and improved its microbial composition.Furthermore,pakchoi cultivated with a low dose of solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant(0.05 g kg^(-1)soil)resulted in the best results.This study provides a new method for the preparation of microbial inoculants with solid waste shrimp heads.展开更多
Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental conce...Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental concern due to its global warming potential. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the southern coastal region of Shyamnagar, Satkhira, to investigate the feasibility of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming for adaptation to the changing climate and sustaining food production system. The experimental treatments were designed on rice-based diversified farming systems such as rice sole cropping with no NPKS + no soil amendments (T1), rice sole cropping following farmers’ practice (FP) without soil amendment (T2), rice sole cropping following FP with phosphogypsum (PG) amendment (T3), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture with PG amendment (T4), Rice-Crabs mixed culture with PG amendment (T5), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina (Cyanobacteria) inoculation (T6), and Rice-Crabs mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina inoculation (T7). A closed chamber technique was followed to collect gas samples from the rice paddy field and samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. It was found that Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs mixed farming (T7) practices significantly decreased GWPs compared to the rice sole cropping system. In the dry boro season, the maximum GWPs 4175 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 30% and 36.7% under Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs (T7) mixed farming practices, respectively. Furthermore, in the wet aman season, maximum GWP 4525 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 33.0% and 38.8% under Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming, respectively. Rice grain yield was low under rice sole cropping (3500 kg/ha), which was increased by 11.0% and 14.7% under Rice-Shrimp mixed farming amended with PG and Spirulina (T6) during wet aman and dry boro seasons, respectively. The postharvest soil properties, such as soil organic matter content, redox potential value (Eh), and exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, contents in soil increased significantly with Phosphogypsum and Spirulina applications, however, decreased Na<sup>+</sup> content and electrical conductivity (EC) eventually improved rice plants’ tolerance to salinity and enhanced overall productivity of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming. Conclusively, the conversion of wetland mono rice cropping into mixed Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs farming would be a feasible strategy to sustain rice aquaculture-based farming, ensure food security and mitigate GWPs in coastal wetlands ecosystem.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371704,32373178)。
文摘The increasing global concern regarding plastic pollution has prompted the research into the consequences of microplastics(MPs)on aquatic ecosystems.Fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis are freshwater planktonic organisms that have existed for 250 million years.This study aimed to uncover the harmful effects of MPs,with a particular focus on their size variations(0.1,1,and 5μm),on the fairy shrimp.We focused on how MPs could significantly affect the survival and growth of fairy shrimp.Notably,larger MPs,especially those measuring 5μm,caused higher mortality rates and hindered the growth compared to smaller ones.The impact of MPs continued even subsequent to depuration in clean water.The accumulation of MPs within the intestines of fairy shrimp resulted in intestinal blockages,disrupted excretory functions,and harmed intestinal epithelial cells.Examinations at the histological,cellular,and molecular levels showed that exposure to MPs triggered necroptosis in intestinal cells,accompanied by alterations in pathways related to transcription,translation,digestion,energy metabolism,and neurological functions.Furthermore,the effects of MPs on gene expression and pathways varied based on particle size,with larger MPs having a more significant effect and causing a strong response in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism pathways.We suggest that the increasing severity of MPs pollution could pose a significant threat to the survival of fairy shrimp.This study provided vital insights into the complex relationship between microplastics and aquatic organisms,and highlighted the urgent need to address the potential devastating impact of plastic pollution on freshwater ecosystems.Additionally,due to their rapid growth,strong reproductive capacity,sensitivity,and ease of cultivation,fairy shrimp hold the potential candidate to serve as a model organism for studying the effects of MPs and other pollutants on freshwater ecosystems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596,32071549)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02062)+2 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(2021C02069-5-2)Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2023S003)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project of Ningbo University(HZ202404)。
文摘Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.
文摘The sergestid shrimp Acetes vulgaris has long been an important fishery species in estuaries and coastal waters along the Pang-Rad River, Rayong province, Thailand. In nature, this shrimp feeds on a wide range of food items, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae, plant matter, debris, sand, and mud. The objective of this study was to compare different feeds on growth and survival of A. vulgaris reared in fiberglass tanks containing 70 m<sup>3</sup> of seawater salinity 25 ppt over a period of 70 days. Individual shrimps were fed with four different types of feeds i.e., newly hatched Artemia (Ar), rotifer (Ro), newly hatched Artemia + rotifer (ArRo) and shrimp larvae commercial feed (SF). Results suggested that specific growth rates (both for body weight and body length) of shrimps reared with SF were not significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, ArRo and Ro (p ≥ 0.05). The survival rate of A. vulgaris did not vary significantly (p ≥ 0.05) among the Ar, Ro and ArRo treatments. However, the highest survival rate of shrimp (81.78% ± 3.08%) was observed in SF treatment and the percentage of survival rate was significantly different with treatment feed with Ar, Ro and ArRo (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reflected the ability of Acetes shrimps to consume diverse food types including both live feed and pelleted feed. Insights obtained from this research suggested that artificial feed can be as efficient as live feeds. This new knowledge is a needed addition to a currently lacking knowledge base for aquaculture of this Acetes species.
文摘This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41972050).
文摘The Rauer Group is located on the eastern margin of the early Paleozoic Prydz Belt in East Antarctica,and the typical ultrahigh-temperature(UHT,>900℃)granulites outcrop on Mather Peninsula.However,the timing of UHT metamorphism and P–T path of the UHT granulites have long been debated,which is critical to understanding the tectonic nature and evolution history of the Prydz Belt.Thus,both a sapphirine-bearing UHT metapelitic granulite and a garnet-bearing UHT mafic granulite are selected for zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age dating.The results show that metamorphic zircon mantles yield weighted mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages of 918±29 Ma and 901±29 Ma for the metapelitic and mafic granulites,respectively,while zircon rims and newly grown zircons yield weighted mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages of 523±9 Ma and 532±11 Ma,respectively.These new zircon age data suggest that the UHT granulites may have experienced polymetamorphism,in which pre-peak prograde stage occurred in the early Neoproterozoic Grenvillian orogenesis(1000–900 Ma),whereas the UHT metamorphism occurred in the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Pan-African orogenesis(580–460 Ma).This implies that P–T path of the UHT granulites should consist of two separate high-grade metamorphic events including the Grenvillian and Pan-African events,which are supposed to be related to assembly of Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents respectively,and hence the overprinting UHT metamorphic event may actually reflect an important intracontinental reworking.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901903)the Innovation Team Project of Hebei (Province) Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (HBCT2018170207)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX20_1426)
文摘Traditionally fermented shrimp paste has a long fermentation period and is susceptible of external factors,which leads to unstable quality and limits its development and application.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to analyze the flavor changes in the shrimp paste fermentation process and screen out the key volatile aroma components in the shrimp paste to control the flavor quality of the shrimp paste products.The overall odor profile was detected by the electronic nose.A total of 106 volatile flavor compounds in the shrimp paste samples at different fermentation stages were identified by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS)and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS).The main aroma components alcohols,aldehydes,pyrazines and other substances in the fermentation process showed an overall upward trend.A total of 17 key volatile aroma components in shrimp paste at different fermentation stages were identified by the relative aroma activity value(ROAV)method.The combination of electronic nose,SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS could comprehensively reflect the changes of volatile components in shrimp paste at different fermentation stages,which helps to further understand the mechanism of shrimp paste flavor formation and provides a basis for the regulation of the flavor quality of shrimp paste products.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901903)the Innovation Team Project of Hebei (Province) Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (HBCT2018170207)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX20_1426)
文摘Shrimp sauce,one of the traditional salt-fermented food in China,has a unique flavor that is influenced by the resident microflora.The quality of salt-fermented shrimp sauce was evaluated in this work by determining the total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),the amino acid nitrogen(AAN),organic acid,5’-nucleotide and free amino acids(FAA).Moreover,the dynamics of microbial diversity during processing was investigated by using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the AAN,TVB-N,organic acid,5’-nucleotide and FAA content were in range of 0.93-1.42 g/100 mL,49.91-236.27 mg/100 mL,6.65-20.68 mg/mL,3.51-6.56 mg/mL and 81.27-102.90 mg/mL.Among the microbial diversity found in the shrimp sauce,Tetragenococcus,Flavobacterium,Polaribacter,Haematospirillum and Staphylococcus were the predominant genera.Correlation analysis indicated that the bacteria Tetragenococcus and Staphylococcus were important in the formation of non-volatile compounds.Tetragenococcus positively correlated with a variety of FAAs;Staphylococcus positively correlated with 5’-nucleotides.The analysis indicated that Tetragenococcus and Staphylococcus were the core genera affecting non-volatile components.These findings indicate the dynamics of the bacterial community and non-volatile components inter-relationships during shrimp sauce fermentation and provide a theoretical basis for improving the fermentation process of shrimp sauce.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(31601395)the Open Research Fund Program of Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development,Beijing Technology and Business University(PRRD-2021-YB8)+1 种基金the Key Program for Shaanxi Science and Technology(2020NY-146)Lueyang Black-Bone Chicken Industry Development Research Institute(WJYJY-2021-9)。
文摘Tropomyosin(TM)in shrimp is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world.In the present study,the effect of seabuckthorn juice against TM-induced shrimp allergy was investigated in BALB/c mice.Allergic symptoms,spleen index,intestinal section and diarrhea were measured in shrimp allergy mice.As the results,seabuckthorn juice suppressed the lesions in jejunum tissue,diarrhea and allergic symptoms in shrimp allergy mice.Seabuckthorn juice also reduced serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α)as well as immunoglobulin E(IgE)and stimulated the secretion of interleukin-10(IL-10)in mice with shrimp allergy.Taken together,our findings suggest that increased IL-10 by seabuckthorn juice inhibits Th2 cytokine production to suppress shrimp allergic symptoms.Furthermore,seabuckthorn juice also regulates shrimp allergy by reducing jejunum lesions,inhibiting levels of TNF-αand IgE.
基金supported by the Open Fund for Sanjiang Key Laboratory of Mineralization and Resource Exploration and Utilization,Ministry of Natural Resources(ZRZYBSJSYS2021002)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.202202AG050006)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772070)supported by the National Research Center of Geoanalysis(NRCG)Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(CAGS)。
文摘The Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic framework of the Nanpanjiang Basin has much been disputed.Herein,the middle-acid volcanic rock,dacite,exposed to the Zhesang gold district,southeast Yunnan Province,has been analyzed.The results show that the dacite belongs to a calc-alkaline series,SiO_(2)contents range from 62.79 to 76.66 wt%.Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of dacite demonstrates that they were formed in the Early Triassic(247.8±1.7 Ma,MSWD=1.2).All samples exhibit enrichment in LILE(e.g.Rb,K,Th,and U),and depletion in HFSE(e.g.Nb,Ta,and Ti),which has the geochemical affinity of I-type granite.La–La/Sm and La–La/Yb discrimination diagrams show that the partial melting,mainly of the mafic lower crust,of rocks,plays a major role in the formation process.The dacite has low initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.706954 to 0.708589)and negative ε_(Nd)(t)values(-11.77 to-10.88).Zircons in dacite have ε_(Hf)(t)values of-16.2 to-8.3,and the two-stage Hf model ages are 1799–2301 Ma,mostly concentrated between 1800 and 1900 Ma,indicating that the magma source area is the reconstructed ancient lower crust mixed with some mantle materials,and crystal fractionation process underwent in the late stage of magma migration.This study reveals that the arc-volcanic rocks of the Early Triassic in the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang Basin were formed by the subduction of the Late Paleozoic ocean basin within the border region between China and Vietnam.
基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-48)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201812020)。
文摘In this study,we proposed a reliable and sustainable technique for the clean utilization of shrimp wastes,which can yield a solid inoculant of Bacillus subtilis OKF04 containing micronutrients at low cost without the risk of contamination.Study of the culture conditions revealed that the head of shrimp Litopenaus vannamei and the wheat bran acted as suitable substrates for the growth of B.subtilis OKF04.With 60%initial moisture content,30℃culture temperature,and 5%inoculation amount,followed by 48 hours of fermentation and 0.5%soluble starch added during the drying process(50℃for 6h),a solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant with a spore amount of 2.4×10^(10)CFU g^(-1)and a high amino acid content was obtained.The solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant was applied to cultivate pakchoi under pot experiment.As the result,of adding to,the size of stems and leaves,nutritional composition,and physiological activity of pakchoi were significantly(P<0.05)enhanced by solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant.B.subtilis OKF04 also significantly(P<0.05)increased the soil’s nutrient content and improved its microbial composition.Furthermore,pakchoi cultivated with a low dose of solid B.subtilis OKF04 inoculant(0.05 g kg^(-1)soil)resulted in the best results.This study provides a new method for the preparation of microbial inoculants with solid waste shrimp heads.
文摘Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental concern due to its global warming potential. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the southern coastal region of Shyamnagar, Satkhira, to investigate the feasibility of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming for adaptation to the changing climate and sustaining food production system. The experimental treatments were designed on rice-based diversified farming systems such as rice sole cropping with no NPKS + no soil amendments (T1), rice sole cropping following farmers’ practice (FP) without soil amendment (T2), rice sole cropping following FP with phosphogypsum (PG) amendment (T3), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture with PG amendment (T4), Rice-Crabs mixed culture with PG amendment (T5), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina (Cyanobacteria) inoculation (T6), and Rice-Crabs mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina inoculation (T7). A closed chamber technique was followed to collect gas samples from the rice paddy field and samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. It was found that Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs mixed farming (T7) practices significantly decreased GWPs compared to the rice sole cropping system. In the dry boro season, the maximum GWPs 4175 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 30% and 36.7% under Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs (T7) mixed farming practices, respectively. Furthermore, in the wet aman season, maximum GWP 4525 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 33.0% and 38.8% under Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming, respectively. Rice grain yield was low under rice sole cropping (3500 kg/ha), which was increased by 11.0% and 14.7% under Rice-Shrimp mixed farming amended with PG and Spirulina (T6) during wet aman and dry boro seasons, respectively. The postharvest soil properties, such as soil organic matter content, redox potential value (Eh), and exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, contents in soil increased significantly with Phosphogypsum and Spirulina applications, however, decreased Na<sup>+</sup> content and electrical conductivity (EC) eventually improved rice plants’ tolerance to salinity and enhanced overall productivity of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming. Conclusively, the conversion of wetland mono rice cropping into mixed Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs farming would be a feasible strategy to sustain rice aquaculture-based farming, ensure food security and mitigate GWPs in coastal wetlands ecosystem.
