Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause.Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness ...Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause.Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory.However,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming.In this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming.Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling.However,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial dysfunction.These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of microglia.To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate.The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury.To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.展开更多
Over the past two decades,superhydrophobic surfaces that are easily created have aroused considerable attention for their superior performances in various applications at room temperature.Nowadays,there is a growing d...Over the past two decades,superhydrophobic surfaces that are easily created have aroused considerable attention for their superior performances in various applications at room temperature.Nowadays,there is a growing demand in special fields for the development of surfaces that can resist wetting by high-temperature molten droplets(>1200°C)using facile design and fabrication strategies.Herein,bioinspired directional structures(BDSs)were prepared on Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2(YSZ)surfaces using femtosecond laser ablation.Benefiting from the anisotropic energy barriers,the BDSs featured with no additional modifiers showed a remarkable increase from 9.2°to 60°in the contact angle of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2(CMAS)melt and a 70.1%reduction in the spreading area of CMAS at 1250°C,compared with polished super-CMAS-melt-philic YSZ surfaces.Moreover,the BDSs demonstrated exceptional wetting inhibition even at 1400°C,with an increase from 3.3°to 31.3°in contact angle and a 67.9%decrease in spreading area.This work provides valuable insight and a facile preparation strategy for effectively inhibiting the wetting of molten droplets on super-melt-philic surfaces at extremely high temperatures.展开更多
Several studies have shown that the immune system is highly regulated by tryptophan metabolism,which serves as an immunomodulatory factor.The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),as an intracellular enzyme that partici...Several studies have shown that the immune system is highly regulated by tryptophan metabolism,which serves as an immunomodulatory factor.The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),as an intracellular enzyme that participates in metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway,is an independent prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer(PC).First,overexpression of IDO1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in the liver and spleen.Second,the high expression of kynurenine induces and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor,resulting in upregulated programmed cell death protein 1 expression.Third,the induction of IDO1 can lead to loss of the T helper 17 cell/regulatory T cell balance,mediated by the proximal tryptophan catabolite from IDO metabolism.In our study,we found that overexpression of IDO1 upregulated CD8+T cells and reduced natural killer T cells in pancreatic carcinoma in mice.Hence,it may be essential to pay more attention to tryptophan metabolism in patients,especially those who are tolerant to immunotherapy for PC.展开更多
A detector setup for the measurement of angular distribution of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier on the radioactive ion beam line in Lanzhou at the heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou...A detector setup for the measurement of angular distribution of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier on the radioactive ion beam line in Lanzhou at the heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou is designed.The beam profile and the scattering angles on the target are deduced by two parallel plate avalanche counters,and four sets of detector telescopes(including doublesided silicon strip detectors) are placed systematically with the beam line,incorporating with Monte Carlo simulations.The data of ^(16)O on ^(89)Y target were analyzed to compare with the simulation results.It is found that the simulated distribution is agreeable with the experimental data.By assuming the pure Rutherford scattering at small scattering angles,the angular distribution of elastic scattering of^(16)O+^(89)Y at low energies can be reasonably obtained.It indicates that this set of detector setup can be used for the measurement of angular distributions of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier.展开更多
Inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) offer more fascinating properties and unique demands in next-generation displays. However, the small size of the microLED chip (1–100 µm) makes it extremel...Inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) offer more fascinating properties and unique demands in next-generation displays. However, the small size of the microLED chip (1–100 µm) makes it extremely challenging for high efficiency and low cost to accurately, selectively, integrate millions of microLED chips. Recent impressive technological advances have overcome the drawbacks of traditional pick-and-place techniques when they were utilized in the assembly of microLED display, including the most broadly recognized laser lift-off technique, contact micro-transfer printing (µTP) technique, laser non-contact µTP technique, and self-assembly technique. Herein, we firstly review the key developments in mass transfer technique and highlight their potential value, covering both the state-of-the-art devices and requirements for mass transfer in the assembly of the ultra-large-area display and virtual reality glasses. We begin with the significant challenges and the brief history of mass transfer technique, and expand that mass transfer technique is composed of two major techniques, namely, the epitaxial Lift-off technique and the pick-and-place technique. The basic concept and transfer effects for each representative epitaxial Lift-off and pick-and-place technique in mass transfer are then overviewed separately. Finally, the potential challenges and future research directions of mass transfer are discussed.展开更多
Ti-6Al-4V and QAl 10-3-1.5 diffusion bonding has been carried out with Ni/Cu interlayers. The diffusionbonded joints are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and mi...Ti-6Al-4V and QAl 10-3-1.5 diffusion bonding has been carried out with Ni/Cu interlayers. The diffusionbonded joints are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness test. Intermetallic compounds at the interface zone are detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Interracial microstructure of TiNi+CuTi3+α-Ti forms at the Ni/Ti-6Al-4V transition zone and Cu (ss. Ni) solid solution forms between Ni/Cu interlayers. The thickness of reaction layer (TiNi) increases with bonding time by a parabolic law: y^2=Koexp(-150000/RT)t, and K0=2.g×10^-7 m^2/s is figured out from the experiment data.展开更多
We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as wel...We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as well as the P-wave velocity.Waveform cross-correlation is used to assist in the identification of the crustal phases and in determining their arrival times.Depth of the Conrad discontinuity is determined by fitting the travel times of Conrad-diffracted P-waves using a two-layer model.The depth of the Conrad discontinuity under the eastern part of the basin is shallower than the western part,which can be attributed to different crustal shortening mechanisms.The upper crust shortening in the western part of the basin leads to thickening of the upper crust,while multiple thrust faults result in the rise of the Conrad discontinuity in the east.These two different mechanisms determine the depth change of the Conrad discontinuity in the basin from the west to the east,which is supported by the results in this study.展开更多
Evidence⁃based practices of public health will benefit from quantification of passive physical activity assessment.This study aims to investigate the reliability of marker⁃free system(MFS)such as Microsoft Kinect in m...Evidence⁃based practices of public health will benefit from quantification of passive physical activity assessment.This study aims to investigate the reliability of marker⁃free system(MFS)such as Microsoft Kinect in measuring upper extremity motion from different angles.Ten healthy participants performed elbow and shoulder extension/flexion along frontal and median anatomical planes for ten pace⁃controlled repetitions,during which the spatiotemporal positions of upper extremity joints were concurrently recorded by two sensors from 0°and 45°viewing angles.Reliability between the two sensors were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient,intra⁃class correlation coefficients,and 95%limits of agreement and coefficient of variation.Worse reliability was observed when possibility of occlusion was higher.However,better reliability was found when longer observation interval(10 s)was used as elementary measuring unit than shorter observation interval(2 s).The overall angular reliability of activity as displacement or changes in angle was not satisfactory.The results are expected to inform the industry for the extension of MFS to clinic applications.展开更多
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the caudate lobe is technically challenging.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of both superselective transcatheter arterial chemoemboli...Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the caudate lobe is technically challenging.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of both superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and liver resection(LR)for HCC occurring exclusively in the caudate lobe.From January 2008 to September 2021,a total of 129 patients were diagnosed with HCC of the caudate lobe.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the potential clinical factors and established prognostic nomograms with interval validation.Of the total number of patients,78 received TACE and 51 received LR.The overall survival(OS)rates(TACE vs.LR)at 1,2,3,4,and 5 years were 83.9%vs.71.0%;74.2%vs.61.3%;58.1%vs.48.4%;45.2%vs.45.2%;and 32.3%vs.25.0%,respectively.However,subgroup analysis revealed that TACE was superior to LR for treating patients with stage IIb Chinese liver cancer(CNLC-IIb)in the entire cohort(p=0.002).Interestingly,no difference was found between TACE and LR in the treatment outcomes of CNLC-IIa HCC(p=0.6).Based on Child-Pugh A and B calculations,TACE tended to lead to a better OS than LR(p=0.081 and 0.16,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh score,CNLC stage,ascites,alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor size,and anti-HCV are related to OS.Predictive nomograms for 1,2,and 3 years were performed.Based on this study,TACE may provide a longer OS than liver resection for patients with CNLC-IIb HCC of the caudate lobe.Because this suggestion is limited by the study design and relatively small sample size,additional randomized controlled trials are needed.展开更多
Background: There is very limited data available about the epidemiology trial on chronic diseases comprehensive intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive intervention on chronic dis...Background: There is very limited data available about the epidemiology trial on chronic diseases comprehensive intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive intervention on chronic diseases in Baoji and provide basis for the improvement of chronic diseases intervention measures. Methods: Using four stages stratified random sampling method, comprehensive intervention measures were implemented on intervention group (575 individuals) respectively aimed at three crowds of whole population, high risk population and chronic diseases patients. The control group (782 individuals) did not receive special treatment. Two groups were evaluated effect after one year observation. Results: The chronic diseases prevalence rate of whole population in intervention group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), the blood pressure level and smoking proportion of high risk population in intervention group were lower than in control group (P < 0.05), and the blood pressure, blood glucose control rate of chronic diseases patients in intervention group were higher than in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention could prevent the rise of chronic diseases prevalence. The intervention is effective in reducing or halting risk factors of high risk population, particularly in controlling blood pressure, blood glucose of patients. We should establish government leading, department cooperation, social participation, longtime and classified comprehensive intervention mechanism of chronic diseases. We believe that whole population should control the risk factors, high risk population should early diagnosis and treatment, chronic diseases patients should normalized management, and it could be applied in other counties.展开更多
Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction shoul...Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction should call for agility as well due to uncertainty about technological advances and customers’ demand. A technological superiority alone may not guarantee succe ss for new product introduction. We focus on the role of postponement for two ma in processes in new product introduction: new product development and new produc t launch. Postponement enables designers to incorporate the most current technol ogical advances and user needs as these co-evolve with the development process. Postponement can also significantly reduce risk associated with new product lau nch. It thus can be expected that postponement will be increasingly employed in new product introduction.展开更多
CD8^(+)T cell immune responses are regulated by multi-layer networks,while the post-translational regulation remains largely unknown.Transmembrane ectodomain shedding is an important post-translational process orchest...CD8^(+)T cell immune responses are regulated by multi-layer networks,while the post-translational regulation remains largely unknown.Transmembrane ectodomain shedding is an important post-translational process orchestrating receptor expression and signal transduction through proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins.Here,by targeting the sheddase A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease(ADAM)17,we defined a post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by the ectodomain shedding in CD8^(+)T cells.Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed the involvement of post-translational regulation in CD8^(+)T cells.T cellspecific deletion of ADAM17 led to a dramatic increase in effector CD8^(+)T cell differentiation and enhanced cytolytic effects to eliminate pathogens and tumors.Mechanistically,ADAM17 regulated CD8^(+)T cells through cleavage of membrane CD122.ADAM17 inhibition led to elevated CD122 expression and enhanced response to IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation in both mouse and human CD8^(+)T cells.Intriguingly,inhibition of ADAM17 in CD8^(+)T cells improved the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells in solid tumors.Our findings reveal a critical post-translational regulation in CD8^(+)T cells,providing a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting ADAM17 for effective anti-tumor immunity.展开更多
Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a chronic,generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide,but its pathogenesis is poorly understood.The heritability estimate of MDD ...Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a chronic,generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide,but its pathogenesis is poorly understood.The heritability estimate of MDD is 30–40%,suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression.Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress.Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications.These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses,neuroplasticity impairment,neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction,which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.Furthermore,epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD,and may identify new therapeutic targets.Here,we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings,including DNA methylation,histone modification,noncoding RNA,RNA modification,and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD.In addition,we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.展开更多
Stem cell-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Current limitations of stem cells include with their insufficient cell source,poor proliferation capacity,l...Stem cell-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Current limitations of stem cells include with their insufficient cell source,poor proliferation capacity,low nucleus pulposus(NP)-specific differentiation potential,and inability to avoid pyroptosis caused by the acidic IDD microenvironment after transplantation.To address these challenges,embryo-derived long-term expandable nucleus pulposus progenitor cells(NPPCs)and esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelles(PEG-PIB)were prepared for synergistic transplantation.In this study,we propose a biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy;the PEG-PIB were endocytosed to pre-modify the NPPCs with adaptability in harsh IDD microenvironment through inhibiting pyroptosis.The results indicated that the PEG-PIB pre-modified NPPCs exhibited inhibition of pyroptosis in vitro;their further synergistic transplantation yielded effective functional recovery,histological regeneration,and inhibition of pyroptosis during IDD regeneration.Herein,we offer a novel biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy for synergistic transplantation with promising therapeutic effects in IDD regeneration.展开更多
Limited to the structure of traditional light‐emitting devices,electronic devices that can directly convert machine language into human visual information without introducing any back‐end circuit are still not easy ...Limited to the structure of traditional light‐emitting devices,electronic devices that can directly convert machine language into human visual information without introducing any back‐end circuit are still not easy to achieve.Based on a specially designed three‐phase co‐planar electrode structure,a new type of three‐phase alternating current driven organic light‐emitting device with the integration of emission and control functions,full‐color tunability and simple device structure is demonstrated in this study.We integrate the light‐emitting function of color‐tunable light‐emitting devices and the switching of three triodes in a single three phase organic light‐emitting device.The state control of luminous color and luminance intensity merely requires the introduction of a kind of machine language,that is an easy‐to‐program 6‐bit binary number coded digital signals.The color adjustable area covers 66%of the color triangle of the National Television System Committee.Such simple and easy‐to‐integrate light‐emitting system has great potential applications in the next‐generation man‐machine interface.展开更多
Nowadays solid-state batteries have become a hot spot in the research of batteries and a significant candidate for commercial batteries for the increasing demands for good safety and excellent energy density.Metal-org...Nowadays solid-state batteries have become a hot spot in the research of batteries and a significant candidate for commercial batteries for the increasing demands for good safety and excellent energy density.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been considered as suitable materials for solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)for the merits of regular channels and large specific surface areas,which can provide a promising structural platform for fast-ion conduction.Therefore,numerous kinds of MOF-based SSEs with enhanced electrochemical performance have been successfully synthesized and studied in recent years.In this review,the recent progress(synthesis methods,physical and chemical characteristics)of MOF-based SSEs for secondary batteries have been summarized.Finally,the challenges and opportunities faced by the future development in this field are put forward,hoping to provide some enlightenment for the synthesis of MOF-based SSEs,so as to create more efficient,long-lasting,and safe SSE-based secondary batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202681(to JW)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Nos.LZ22H090003(to QC),LR23H060001(to CL).
文摘Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause.Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory.However,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming.In this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming.Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling.However,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial dysfunction.These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of microglia.To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate.The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury.To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105212)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023NSFSC0863)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702712).
文摘Over the past two decades,superhydrophobic surfaces that are easily created have aroused considerable attention for their superior performances in various applications at room temperature.Nowadays,there is a growing demand in special fields for the development of surfaces that can resist wetting by high-temperature molten droplets(>1200°C)using facile design and fabrication strategies.Herein,bioinspired directional structures(BDSs)were prepared on Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2(YSZ)surfaces using femtosecond laser ablation.Benefiting from the anisotropic energy barriers,the BDSs featured with no additional modifiers showed a remarkable increase from 9.2°to 60°in the contact angle of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2(CMAS)melt and a 70.1%reduction in the spreading area of CMAS at 1250°C,compared with polished super-CMAS-melt-philic YSZ surfaces.Moreover,the BDSs demonstrated exceptional wetting inhibition even at 1400°C,with an increase from 3.3°to 31.3°in contact angle and a 67.9%decrease in spreading area.This work provides valuable insight and a facile preparation strategy for effectively inhibiting the wetting of molten droplets on super-melt-philic surfaces at extremely high temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005132)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2021ZLGX01)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2019PEE038)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team for the funding support。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200695。
文摘Several studies have shown that the immune system is highly regulated by tryptophan metabolism,which serves as an immunomodulatory factor.The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),as an intracellular enzyme that participates in metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway,is an independent prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer(PC).First,overexpression of IDO1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in the liver and spleen.Second,the high expression of kynurenine induces and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor,resulting in upregulated programmed cell death protein 1 expression.Third,the induction of IDO1 can lead to loss of the T helper 17 cell/regulatory T cell balance,mediated by the proximal tryptophan catabolite from IDO metabolism.In our study,we found that overexpression of IDO1 upregulated CD8+T cells and reduced natural killer T cells in pancreatic carcinoma in mice.Hence,it may be essential to pay more attention to tryptophan metabolism in patients,especially those who are tolerant to immunotherapy for PC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11475013,11175011,11035007)
文摘A detector setup for the measurement of angular distribution of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier on the radioactive ion beam line in Lanzhou at the heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou is designed.The beam profile and the scattering angles on the target are deduced by two parallel plate avalanche counters,and four sets of detector telescopes(including doublesided silicon strip detectors) are placed systematically with the beam line,incorporating with Monte Carlo simulations.The data of ^(16)O on ^(89)Y target were analyzed to compare with the simulation results.It is found that the simulated distribution is agreeable with the experimental data.By assuming the pure Rutherford scattering at small scattering angles,the angular distribution of elastic scattering of^(16)O+^(89)Y at low energies can be reasonably obtained.It indicates that this set of detector setup can be used for the measurement of angular distributions of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier.
文摘Inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) offer more fascinating properties and unique demands in next-generation displays. However, the small size of the microLED chip (1–100 µm) makes it extremely challenging for high efficiency and low cost to accurately, selectively, integrate millions of microLED chips. Recent impressive technological advances have overcome the drawbacks of traditional pick-and-place techniques when they were utilized in the assembly of microLED display, including the most broadly recognized laser lift-off technique, contact micro-transfer printing (µTP) technique, laser non-contact µTP technique, and self-assembly technique. Herein, we firstly review the key developments in mass transfer technique and highlight their potential value, covering both the state-of-the-art devices and requirements for mass transfer in the assembly of the ultra-large-area display and virtual reality glasses. We begin with the significant challenges and the brief history of mass transfer technique, and expand that mass transfer technique is composed of two major techniques, namely, the epitaxial Lift-off technique and the pick-and-place technique. The basic concept and transfer effects for each representative epitaxial Lift-off and pick-and-place technique in mass transfer are then overviewed separately. Finally, the potential challenges and future research directions of mass transfer are discussed.
基金The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.50375065the National Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology are acknowledged.
文摘Ti-6Al-4V and QAl 10-3-1.5 diffusion bonding has been carried out with Ni/Cu interlayers. The diffusionbonded joints are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness test. Intermetallic compounds at the interface zone are detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Interracial microstructure of TiNi+CuTi3+α-Ti forms at the Ni/Ti-6Al-4V transition zone and Cu (ss. Ni) solid solution forms between Ni/Cu interlayers. The thickness of reaction layer (TiNi) increases with bonding time by a parabolic law: y^2=Koexp(-150000/RT)t, and K0=2.g×10^-7 m^2/s is figured out from the experiment data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 41930103,41674052).
文摘We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as well as the P-wave velocity.Waveform cross-correlation is used to assist in the identification of the crustal phases and in determining their arrival times.Depth of the Conrad discontinuity is determined by fitting the travel times of Conrad-diffracted P-waves using a two-layer model.The depth of the Conrad discontinuity under the eastern part of the basin is shallower than the western part,which can be attributed to different crustal shortening mechanisms.The upper crust shortening in the western part of the basin leads to thickening of the upper crust,while multiple thrust faults result in the rise of the Conrad discontinuity in the east.These two different mechanisms determine the depth change of the Conrad discontinuity in the basin from the west to the east,which is supported by the results in this study.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51708152)the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(Grant No.JCYJ20170811155435737).
文摘Evidence⁃based practices of public health will benefit from quantification of passive physical activity assessment.This study aims to investigate the reliability of marker⁃free system(MFS)such as Microsoft Kinect in measuring upper extremity motion from different angles.Ten healthy participants performed elbow and shoulder extension/flexion along frontal and median anatomical planes for ten pace⁃controlled repetitions,during which the spatiotemporal positions of upper extremity joints were concurrently recorded by two sensors from 0°and 45°viewing angles.Reliability between the two sensors were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient,intra⁃class correlation coefficients,and 95%limits of agreement and coefficient of variation.Worse reliability was observed when possibility of occlusion was higher.However,better reliability was found when longer observation interval(10 s)was used as elementary measuring unit than shorter observation interval(2 s).The overall angular reliability of activity as displacement or changes in angle was not satisfactory.The results are expected to inform the industry for the extension of MFS to clinic applications.
基金funding by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82200695)Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(2021HXBH023)Sichuan Science and Technology Program of China(2021YJ0429).
文摘Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the caudate lobe is technically challenging.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of both superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and liver resection(LR)for HCC occurring exclusively in the caudate lobe.From January 2008 to September 2021,a total of 129 patients were diagnosed with HCC of the caudate lobe.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the potential clinical factors and established prognostic nomograms with interval validation.Of the total number of patients,78 received TACE and 51 received LR.The overall survival(OS)rates(TACE vs.LR)at 1,2,3,4,and 5 years were 83.9%vs.71.0%;74.2%vs.61.3%;58.1%vs.48.4%;45.2%vs.45.2%;and 32.3%vs.25.0%,respectively.However,subgroup analysis revealed that TACE was superior to LR for treating patients with stage IIb Chinese liver cancer(CNLC-IIb)in the entire cohort(p=0.002).Interestingly,no difference was found between TACE and LR in the treatment outcomes of CNLC-IIa HCC(p=0.6).Based on Child-Pugh A and B calculations,TACE tended to lead to a better OS than LR(p=0.081 and 0.16,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh score,CNLC stage,ascites,alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor size,and anti-HCV are related to OS.Predictive nomograms for 1,2,and 3 years were performed.Based on this study,TACE may provide a longer OS than liver resection for patients with CNLC-IIb HCC of the caudate lobe.Because this suggestion is limited by the study design and relatively small sample size,additional randomized controlled trials are needed.
文摘Background: There is very limited data available about the epidemiology trial on chronic diseases comprehensive intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive intervention on chronic diseases in Baoji and provide basis for the improvement of chronic diseases intervention measures. Methods: Using four stages stratified random sampling method, comprehensive intervention measures were implemented on intervention group (575 individuals) respectively aimed at three crowds of whole population, high risk population and chronic diseases patients. The control group (782 individuals) did not receive special treatment. Two groups were evaluated effect after one year observation. Results: The chronic diseases prevalence rate of whole population in intervention group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), the blood pressure level and smoking proportion of high risk population in intervention group were lower than in control group (P < 0.05), and the blood pressure, blood glucose control rate of chronic diseases patients in intervention group were higher than in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention could prevent the rise of chronic diseases prevalence. The intervention is effective in reducing or halting risk factors of high risk population, particularly in controlling blood pressure, blood glucose of patients. We should establish government leading, department cooperation, social participation, longtime and classified comprehensive intervention mechanism of chronic diseases. We believe that whole population should control the risk factors, high risk population should early diagnosis and treatment, chronic diseases patients should normalized management, and it could be applied in other counties.
文摘Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction should call for agility as well due to uncertainty about technological advances and customers’ demand. A technological superiority alone may not guarantee succe ss for new product introduction. We focus on the role of postponement for two ma in processes in new product introduction: new product development and new produc t launch. Postponement enables designers to incorporate the most current technol ogical advances and user needs as these co-evolve with the development process. Postponement can also significantly reduce risk associated with new product lau nch. It thus can be expected that postponement will be increasingly employed in new product introduction.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFA1100702(to B.Z.)National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 82271792(to L.S.),32200727(to L.S.)and 82071828(to C.S.)+5 种基金Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province 2024CX-GXPT-45(to C.S.)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2017JM8148(to Lin Shi)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities xtr072022002(to B.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82350114(to L.Z.)the Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Fund of Jiangsu Province BK20220049(to L.Z.)Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory SZS2023005(to L.Z.).
文摘CD8^(+)T cell immune responses are regulated by multi-layer networks,while the post-translational regulation remains largely unknown.Transmembrane ectodomain shedding is an important post-translational process orchestrating receptor expression and signal transduction through proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins.Here,by targeting the sheddase A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease(ADAM)17,we defined a post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by the ectodomain shedding in CD8^(+)T cells.Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed the involvement of post-translational regulation in CD8^(+)T cells.T cellspecific deletion of ADAM17 led to a dramatic increase in effector CD8^(+)T cell differentiation and enhanced cytolytic effects to eliminate pathogens and tumors.Mechanistically,ADAM17 regulated CD8^(+)T cells through cleavage of membrane CD122.ADAM17 inhibition led to elevated CD122 expression and enhanced response to IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation in both mouse and human CD8^(+)T cells.Intriguingly,inhibition of ADAM17 in CD8^(+)T cells improved the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells in solid tumors.Our findings reveal a critical post-translational regulation in CD8^(+)T cells,providing a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting ADAM17 for effective anti-tumor immunity.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021ZD0201900)1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC21004,ZYGD22007)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82120108002,81821002,82171527,82200695)Distinguished Young Scholar of Zhejiang(LR20H090001 to C.W.)Municipal Key R&D Program of Ningbo(2022Z127).
文摘Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a chronic,generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide,but its pathogenesis is poorly understood.The heritability estimate of MDD is 30–40%,suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression.Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress.Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications.These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses,neuroplasticity impairment,neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction,which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.Furthermore,epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD,and may identify new therapeutic targets.Here,we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings,including DNA methylation,histone modification,noncoding RNA,RNA modification,and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD.In addition,we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
基金Nature Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y20H060063,LY19H060005,LQ18H060003,LZ22H090003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.82072465,NO.81772379,NO.81972096,NO.82172457,NO.82002327)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M612011)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y201941476).
文摘Stem cell-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Current limitations of stem cells include with their insufficient cell source,poor proliferation capacity,low nucleus pulposus(NP)-specific differentiation potential,and inability to avoid pyroptosis caused by the acidic IDD microenvironment after transplantation.To address these challenges,embryo-derived long-term expandable nucleus pulposus progenitor cells(NPPCs)and esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelles(PEG-PIB)were prepared for synergistic transplantation.In this study,we propose a biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy;the PEG-PIB were endocytosed to pre-modify the NPPCs with adaptability in harsh IDD microenvironment through inhibiting pyroptosis.The results indicated that the PEG-PIB pre-modified NPPCs exhibited inhibition of pyroptosis in vitro;their further synergistic transplantation yielded effective functional recovery,histological regeneration,and inhibition of pyroptosis during IDD regeneration.Herein,we offer a novel biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy for synergistic transplantation with promising therapeutic effects in IDD regeneration.
基金supported by the Key‐Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B010924003)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B1515120030,No.2020A1515010449)+3 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2019JLP‐11)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190808182803805)Shenzhen OLED Materials and Devices Technology Engineering Research Center([2018]1410)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Science and Technology(ZDSYS_(2)0140509094114164).
文摘Limited to the structure of traditional light‐emitting devices,electronic devices that can directly convert machine language into human visual information without introducing any back‐end circuit are still not easy to achieve.Based on a specially designed three‐phase co‐planar electrode structure,a new type of three‐phase alternating current driven organic light‐emitting device with the integration of emission and control functions,full‐color tunability and simple device structure is demonstrated in this study.We integrate the light‐emitting function of color‐tunable light‐emitting devices and the switching of three triodes in a single three phase organic light‐emitting device.The state control of luminous color and luminance intensity merely requires the introduction of a kind of machine language,that is an easy‐to‐program 6‐bit binary number coded digital signals.The color adjustable area covers 66%of the color triangle of the National Television System Committee.Such simple and easy‐to‐integrate light‐emitting system has great potential applications in the next‐generation man‐machine interface.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200044)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1904215)aswellas Changjiang scholarspro gram of the Ministry of Education(Q2018270).
文摘Nowadays solid-state batteries have become a hot spot in the research of batteries and a significant candidate for commercial batteries for the increasing demands for good safety and excellent energy density.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been considered as suitable materials for solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)for the merits of regular channels and large specific surface areas,which can provide a promising structural platform for fast-ion conduction.Therefore,numerous kinds of MOF-based SSEs with enhanced electrochemical performance have been successfully synthesized and studied in recent years.In this review,the recent progress(synthesis methods,physical and chemical characteristics)of MOF-based SSEs for secondary batteries have been summarized.Finally,the challenges and opportunities faced by the future development in this field are put forward,hoping to provide some enlightenment for the synthesis of MOF-based SSEs,so as to create more efficient,long-lasting,and safe SSE-based secondary batteries.