This paper first introduces the basic concepts of the automated warehouse, on the basis of it, this paper introduces in detail the basic conditions of the studied system, and designs the overall structure of the form ...This paper first introduces the basic concepts of the automated warehouse, on the basis of it, this paper introduces in detail the basic conditions of the studied system, and designs the overall structure of the form of the system for the modem warehousing industry. This paper introduced related technology of a bar code and radio frequency identification （RFID） in the system. Automatic recognition of shape code is one of the most widely used ways in modem warehousing industry, and RFID is development direction of the automatic identification in warehousing industry, that has greatly enhanced the management level applied in the system. System testing show that： this system is reliable, stable, convenient operation, information processing, convenient and quick, has achieved the anticipated target, meet the actual demand of logistics laboratory.展开更多
The characteristics of initial leader of triggered lightning flashes are studied by use of a highspeed digital camera system with the rate of 1000 frame per second and simultaneous measurements of current and electric...The characteristics of initial leader of triggered lightning flashes are studied by use of a highspeed digital camera system with the rate of 1000 frame per second and simultaneous measurements of current and electric field change with 0.1 μs time resolution. The results show that the altitude-triggered lightning was initiated by bidirectional propagation leader because of 'current interruption' by air gap,whereas the grounded-triggered one was not. The onset of downward-moving positive leader was prior to that of the upward-going negative leader for 843 ms in an altitude-triggered lightning under the positive ambient electric field. The downward-moving leader, regardless of its polarity, would produce inhomogeneous distribution of luminosity (current) along the channel on the moment of connection to the ground.展开更多
Facing the threat of market follower encroachment,this paper constructs game theoretical models based on different channel structures and market structures,investigates following manufacturer's encroachment strate...Facing the threat of market follower encroachment,this paper constructs game theoretical models based on different channel structures and market structures,investigates following manufacturer's encroachment strategy and technology strategies,and discusses the impact of following manufacturer's strategy on quality decisions.The results show that encroachment always improves consumer surplus by slashing prices when leading manufacturer adopts in-house R&D(IRD);otherwise,it results in lower consumer surplus with mild competition if leading manufacturer is at a technological disadvantage.Furthermore,the technology strategies of following manufacturer are related to their R&D capabilities.The superior one is outsourcing R&D(ORD)for the manufacturers when their R&D capability is weak,otherwise,IRD is optimal.In a word,the leading manufacturer always prefers IRD under certain conditions,while the following manufacturer always prefers ORD.In addition,encroachment restrains quality innovative motivation under fixed or quality-sensitive R&D costs,but can improve quality level when consumers have a higher reference dependency for quality;meanwhile,the following manufacturer adopting ORD is always beneficial to quality improvement.展开更多
文摘This paper first introduces the basic concepts of the automated warehouse, on the basis of it, this paper introduces in detail the basic conditions of the studied system, and designs the overall structure of the form of the system for the modem warehousing industry. This paper introduced related technology of a bar code and radio frequency identification （RFID） in the system. Automatic recognition of shape code is one of the most widely used ways in modem warehousing industry, and RFID is development direction of the automatic identification in warehousing industry, that has greatly enhanced the management level applied in the system. System testing show that： this system is reliable, stable, convenient operation, information processing, convenient and quick, has achieved the anticipated target, meet the actual demand of logistics laboratory.
文摘The characteristics of initial leader of triggered lightning flashes are studied by use of a highspeed digital camera system with the rate of 1000 frame per second and simultaneous measurements of current and electric field change with 0.1 μs time resolution. The results show that the altitude-triggered lightning was initiated by bidirectional propagation leader because of 'current interruption' by air gap,whereas the grounded-triggered one was not. The onset of downward-moving positive leader was prior to that of the upward-going negative leader for 843 ms in an altitude-triggered lightning under the positive ambient electric field. The downward-moving leader, regardless of its polarity, would produce inhomogeneous distribution of luminosity (current) along the channel on the moment of connection to the ground.
基金The authors would like to express their gratitude to the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their encouraging comments and insightful suggestions,which substantially improved the quality of this paper.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71771044.
文摘Facing the threat of market follower encroachment,this paper constructs game theoretical models based on different channel structures and market structures,investigates following manufacturer's encroachment strategy and technology strategies,and discusses the impact of following manufacturer's strategy on quality decisions.The results show that encroachment always improves consumer surplus by slashing prices when leading manufacturer adopts in-house R&D(IRD);otherwise,it results in lower consumer surplus with mild competition if leading manufacturer is at a technological disadvantage.Furthermore,the technology strategies of following manufacturer are related to their R&D capabilities.The superior one is outsourcing R&D(ORD)for the manufacturers when their R&D capability is weak,otherwise,IRD is optimal.In a word,the leading manufacturer always prefers IRD under certain conditions,while the following manufacturer always prefers ORD.In addition,encroachment restrains quality innovative motivation under fixed or quality-sensitive R&D costs,but can improve quality level when consumers have a higher reference dependency for quality;meanwhile,the following manufacturer adopting ORD is always beneficial to quality improvement.
