Volatile Solid and Bury Period Influence on Odorous Material Production in Simulating Landfill Treatment

Odor pollution in landfill area has attracted more social attention in China. It is very important to control the generation of odor pollutants in situ. Analyzing odorous materials production form buried waste, simulated columns of different volatile solid (VS) content and different buried period waste were designed. Gas compounds produced from the columns were collected and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) method. It has remarkable relationship between VS content and concentrations of odorous material. When VS content more than 40%, the total amount of odorous compounds increases remarkably. It can be inferred that reduced VS content of original waste may effective decreasing odorous materials production in landfill area. The old rubbish produced more odorous compounds than that of fresh one in simulated columns.

Evaluation of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on PSR Model

Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.

Cohort profile: design and methods of the Chinese colorectal, breast, lung, liver, and stomach cancer screening trial(C-BLAST)

Given the rapid changes in social structure(urbanization),economic structure(industrialization),and demographic structure(population aging)in China,cancer has become a major public health problem1.Extensive evidence has indicated that screening can decrease cancer mortality,particularly among high-risk groups,and several representative national and regional cancer screening programs have been launched in China to cope with the increasing burden of cancer.

脑络欣通抗缺血性脑卒中后脂质过氧化和对线粒体损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探究脑络欣通抗缺血性脑卒中后脂质过氧化损伤和对线粒体损伤的保护作用。方法 取SPF级雄性SD大鼠采用线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,按照Zea Longa评分标准进行神经功能评分。将评分2~3分的模型动物随机分为模型组,脑络欣通低、中、高剂量组,另设正常组和假手术组。造模24 h后开始灌胃给药,早晚各一次,连续7 d,正常组和假手术组灌胃生理盐水。观察脑络欣通对大鼠生活状态、体重、神经功能评分、脑组织病理学、脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量、4-羟基烯醛(4-HNE)水平、线粒体形态结构和缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响。结果 与模型组相比,脑络欣通可提高大鼠生活质量,增加大鼠体重,提高神经功能评分,减少LPO、4-HNE、HIF-1α的累积,并对脑组织病理学损伤和线粒体结构有一定的保护作用。结论 脑络欣通可以通过抑制缺血性脑卒中后的脂质过氧化以及保护线粒体损伤从而发挥神经保护作用。

单因素考察结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化脑络欣通颗粒制备工艺及对脑卒中大鼠的影响

目的 完善脑络欣通颗粒的生产制造工艺考察研究,筛选出最佳辅料构成和最佳制备工艺条件,为脑络欣通颗粒的开发和应用提供理论和实验基础。方法 通过对脑络欣通颗粒干燥工艺的研究,考察辅料种类、辅料用量以及进风温度。在单因素实验的基础上研究脑络欣通颗粒最佳药物辅料构成,利用综合评分筛选出最佳的辅料种类、最佳的药辅比及最佳的乙醇浓度,再通过使用Box-Behnken响应面法对制备工艺设计进行优化。根据所得工艺进行制粒,对脑卒中模型大鼠进行脑络欣通颗粒剂灌胃给药,初步观察脑络欣通颗粒对脑卒中大鼠的疗效。结果既得颗粒剂干燥工艺研究考察结果中,辅料种类为糊精,辅料用量为5%,进风温度为145℃。脑络欣通颗粒最佳制备工艺:辅料种类为糊精,药辅比为1∶0.5,乙醇体积分数为95%,在此条件下综合评分值为0.872 946。相比脑卒中模型组大鼠,脑络欣通颗粒剂组神经元细胞数目有明显增加,初步推断颗粒剂对脑卒中大鼠有治疗作用。结论采用响应面法优选脑络欣通颗粒的制备工艺结果可靠,稳定性较高,方法简单可行,颗粒剂药效显著,可为脑络欣通颗粒剂的工业化生产提供依据。

The energy response of LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals for GECAM

The GECAM series of satellites utilizes LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals as sensitive materials for gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).To investigate the nonlinearity in the detection of low-energy gamma rays and address the errors in the calibration of the E-C relationship,comprehensive tests and comparative studies of the three aforementioned crystals were conducted using Compton electrons,radioactive sources,and mono-energetic X-rays.The nonlinearity test results of the Compton electrons and X-rays demonstrated substantial differences,with all three crystals presenting a higher nonlinearity for X/-rays than for Compton electrons.Despite the LaBr_(3)(Ce)and LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)crystals having higher absolute light yields,they exhibited a noticeable nonlinear decrease in the light yield,especially at energies below 400 keV.The NaI(Tl)crystal demonstrated an"excess"light output in the 6-200 keV range,reaching a maximum"excess"of 9.2%at 30 keV in the X-ray testing and up to 15.5%at 14 keV during Compton electron testing,indicating a significant advantage in the detection of low-energy gamma rays.Furthermore,we explored the underlying causes of the observed nonlinearity in these crystals.This study not only elucidates the detector responses of GECAM,but also initiates a comprehensive investigation of the nonlinearity of domestically produced lanthanum bromide and sodium iodide crystals.

Predictive value of neutrophil infiltration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori infection

AIM:To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil infiltration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection.METHODS:A total of 315 patients with dyspepsia symptoms who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study.Biopsies were evaluated using the updated Sydney system.The medication history of all patients in the preceding 4 wk was recorded.The diagnosis of H.pylori infection was based on 13 C-urea breath test at least 4 wk after withdrawal of antisecretory drugs,antibiotics and related drugs.For the patients with subtotal gastrectomy,the diagnosis of H.pylori infection was based on anti-H.pylori immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibody.Serum anti-H.pylori IgG antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(Biohit,Finland).RESULTS:The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of neutrophil infiltration in the diagnosis of H.pylori infection were 92.3%,83.5%,77.4% and 94.7%,respectively.Neutrophil infiltration of gastric mucosa in the histological analysis was strongly associated with H.pylori infection(77.4% vs 5.3% in the neutrophil infiltration negative group,P = 0.000).Moderate neutrophil infiltration was more frequent in H.pylori infection when compared to mild infiltration(81.8% and 75%,respectively),but did not reach statistical significance.For those patients with negative rapid urease test,H.pylori was detected in 73.2% of patients with positive neutrophil infiltration on histology.In patients with subtotal gastrectomy,the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil infiltration inH.pylori infection was 50%.CONCLUSION:Neutrophil infiltration is closely associated with H.pylori and may be recognized as a sign of this infection.

From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.

Current status of glucocorticoid usage in solid organ transplantation

Glucocorticoids(GCs)have been the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation(SOT)for decades,due to their potent effects on innate immunity and tissue protective effects.However,some SOT centers are reluctant to administer GCs long-term because of the various related side effects.This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of GCs in SOT.PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 2011 to April 2021 using search syntaxes covering“transplantation”and“glucocorticoids”.GCs are used in transplant recipients,transplant donors,and organ perfusate solution to improve transplant outcomes.In SOT recipients,GCs are administered as induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy.GCs are also the cornerstone to treat acute antibody-and T-cell-mediated rejections.Addition of GCs to organ perfusate solution and pretreatment of transplant donors with GCs are recommended by some guidelines and protocols,to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury peri-transplant.GCs with low bioavailability and high potency for GC receptors,such as budesonide,nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of GCs to specific organs,and combination use of dexamethasone with inducers of immuneregulatory cells,are new methods of GC application in SOT patients to reduce side effects or induce immune-tolerance instead of immunosuppression.Various side effects involving different non-targeted organs/tissues,such as bone,cardiovascular,neuromuscular,skin and gastrointestinal tract,have been noted for GCs.There are also potential drug-drug interactions for GCs in SOT patients.

EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL SELECTED PRESS SEQUENCE IN BREAST LESION CHARACTERIZATION

客观：为了评估 1H spetral 的角色，选择了 point-resolvedspectroscopy (SS 压) 在区分的顺序从由胆碱山峰并且到的恶意标记的恶意的胸损害良性调查影响诊断的因素。方法: 131 个病人的一个总数(年老的 24-83 年，一般水准 44.8 年) 在这研究被注册。Theexaminations 在 1 上被执行。有四隧道的分阶段执行的数组胸 coil.Single-voxel 质子的 5T 扫描仪磁性的回声光谱学(1H 太太) 被 SS 压顺序在外科的指的这些病人或活体检视咨询获得。结果：在这些病人之中， 74 被证明有胸癌， 57 由组织病理学说的考试有良性的损害。31 座提高的胆碱山峰在这 74 证实的恶意的损害，和 5detectable 胆碱被观察山峰在 57 良性的损害被表明。1H SS 压太太的敏感和特性分别地是 41.9% 和 91.2% 。影响诊断的主要因素是 signal-to-noise 比率和病理学的类型。结论：1H SS 压太太能提供新陈代谢的以后侵略的、生物化学的测量并且改进胸的特性磁性的回声成像。在 vivo 的胆碱山峰是恶意的一个特定然而并非敏感的标记。技术因素和损害的组织病理学说的描述影响察觉率。

Evaluation of Growth of Agricultural Listed Companies Based on AHP Weighting Method

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy,and agricultural development is related to the rapid development of long-term stability of the society and economy. Agriculture includes farming,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries. Agricultural listed company as an agricultural enterprise " leader",which directly affects the development of the entire growth of the agricultural industry development and policy,so the study of agricultural listed company's growth is particularly important. This paper uses AHP weighting method to evaluate 2012 financial data on the growth of agricultural listed companies.

禽蛋和禽肉中兽药残留检测技术研究进展

随着我国家禽产业的规模不断扩大,兽药残留问题也更加严峻。兽药残留对人体与环境危害重大。现对目前禽蛋和禽肉中常见的兽药残留种类及最大残留限量进行综述,探讨了(超)高效液相色谱法、(超)高效液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法和免疫学检测法、分子印迹技术、生物芯片技术、生物传感器检测法在禽蛋和禽肉中的应用价值,以期为兽药残留检测和监管提供依据。

Evolutionary genomics of structural variation in the tea plant,Camellia sinensis

Structural variants(SVs)are a type of genetic variation that contribute substantially to phenotypic diversity and evolution.Further study of SVs will help us understand the influence of SVs associated with tea quality and stress resistance and provide new insight into tea plant breeding improvement and genetic research.However,SVs have not been thoroughly discovered in the tea plant genomes.Herein,we constructed a large-scale SV map across a population of 107 resequenced genomes,including both ancient and cultivated tea plants.A total of 44,240 highconfident SVs were identified,including 34,124 DEL(deletions),4,448 DUP(duplications),2,503 INV(inversions),544 INS(insertions)and 2,621 TRA(translocations).In total,12,400 protein-coding genes were overlapped with SVs,of which 49.5%were expressed in all five tea tissues.SVbased analysis of phylogenetic relationships and population structure in tea plants showed a consistent evolutionary history with the SNP-based results.We also identified SVs subject to artificial selection and found that genes under domestication were enriched in metabolic pathways involving theanine and purine alkaloids,biosynthesis of monoterpenoid,phenylpropanoid,fatty acid,and isoflavonoid,contributing to traits of agronomic interest in tea plants.In addition,a total of 27 terpene synthase(TPS)family genes were selected during domestication.These results indicate that these SVs could provide extensive genomic information for tea quality improvement.

Structural characterization and mass spectrometry fragmentation signatures of macrocyclic alkanes isolated from a Sydney Basin torbanite,Australia

Individual hydrocarbons identified to be macrocyclic alkanes in a torbanite from the Sydney Basin(Australia)were successfully isolated from its extracts using preparative gas chromatography and analyzed by NMR.Saturated cyclic structures were confirmed by single peaks in the NMR~1H and~(13)C spectra indicating single forms of H and C atoms exist in these biomarker molecules.This is consistent with the methylene unit in a ring system assignment of the macrocyclic alkanes and accounts for a formula of(CH2)n.The unusual molecular structures of these compounds are consistent with those that were identified from previous GC retention index data and co-injection with a standard supports the previous research.The mass spectral fragmentation behaviors of representative cyclic alkanes were further investigated by comparing them with the mass spectra of isolated individual macrocyclic alkanes.The characteristic fragment ions in the macrocyclic alkanes of(M–28)+and base peaks of m/z 97,111,125,etc.,can be assigned as being generated by simple a-/i-cleavage and hydrogen rearrangement.These fragmentation pathways combined with retention indices should assist in differentiating these compounds from monounsaturated alkenes and alkylated monocyclics having similar mass spectral characteristics in other geological samples.

系统性红斑狼疮不同中医辨证分型与血清炎性因子及免疫因子相关性分析

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮不同中医辨证分型与血清炎性因子及免疫因子的相关性分析。方法 选取2021年7月-2022年7月在门诊及病房就诊的105例系统性红斑狼疮患者作为观察组,根据患者中医辨证分型,分为热毒炽盛组46例、肝肾阴虚组28例及脾肾阳虚组31例,并选取同期体检健康者50例作为对照组。观察并比较各组患者疾病活动积分、血清炎性因子水平及免疫因子水平,并采用Pearson法进行相关性分析。结果 不同证型患者组间系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数(systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity of index, SLEDAI)评分相比有所差异,并且热毒炽热组评分最高,肝肾阴虚组评分最低(P<0.05);观察组与对照组相比,观察组干扰素(interferon, IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6及肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)-α水平均高于对照组,并且IL-2水平低于对照组(P<0.05);不同证型患者组间IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平相比有所差异,其中热毒炽盛组IL-2及TNF-α水平均高于脾肾阳虚组(P<0.05),热毒炽盛组与脾肾阳虚组IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平均高于肝肾阴虚组,热毒炽盛组IFN-γ及IL-6水平方面与脾肾阳虚组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组与对照组相比,观察组免疫球蛋白(immune globulin, Ig)M、IgA及IgG水平均较对照组高,并且补体(complement, C)3及C4水平均较对照组低(P<0.05);不同证型患者组间IgM、IgA、IgG、C3及C4水平相比有所差异,其中肝肾阴虚组IgM水平最高,热毒炽盛组IgM水平最低,热毒炽盛组IgA及IgG水平最高,肝肾阴虚组IgA及IgG水平最低,脾肾阳虚组C3及C4水平最高(P<0.05),热毒炽盛组C3及C4水平与肝肾阴虚组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);热毒炽盛组SLEDAI评分与IFN-γ、IL-6及TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.849,0.776,0.837,P均<0.05),与IL-2水平呈负相关(r=-0.653,P<0.05);肝肾阴虚组SLEDAI评分与IFN-γ、IL-6及TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.839,0.821,0.715,P均<0.05),与IL-2水平呈负相关(r=-0.737,P<0.05);脾肾阳虚组SLEDAI评分与IFN-γ、IL-6及TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.807,0.709,0.763,P均<0.05),与IL-2水平呈负相关(r=-0.760,P<0.05);热毒炽盛组SLEDAI评分与IgM、IgA及IgG水平呈正相关(r=0.785,0.881,0.820,P均<0.05),与C3及C4水平呈负相关(r=-0.764,-0.789,P均<0.05);肝肾阴虚组SLEDAI评分与IgM、IgA及IgG水平呈正相关(r=0.657,0.673,0.700,P均<0.05),与C3及C4水平呈负相关(r=-0.756,-0.767,P均<0.05);脾肾阳虚组SLEDAI评分与IgM、IgA及IgG水平呈正相关(r=0.836,0.753,0.752,P均<0.05),与C3及C4水平呈负相关(r=-0.794,-0.771,P均<0.05)。结论 系统性红斑狼疮不同中医辨证分析与血清炎性因子及免疫因子存在一定相关性,故可对血清炎症因子及免疫因子等相关指标进行检测,并作为中医辨证论治的辅助指标,从而有利于提高诊断价值。

Morroniside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in iris pigment epithelial cells through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect of morroniside(Mor)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated iris pigment epithelial cells(IPE).METHODS:IPE cells were induced by LPS and treated with Mor.Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit(CCK)-8,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits,and the protein expression of TLR4,JAK2,p-JAK2,STAT3,and p-STAT3 was analyzed by Western blotting.In addition,overexpression of TLR4 and Mor treatment of LPS-stimulated IPE cells were also tested for the above indices.RESULTS:Mor effectively promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of LPS-treated IPE cells.In addition,Mor significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 and significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4,p-JAK2,and p-STAT3 in LPS-treated IPE cells.The effect of Mor on LPS-treated IPE cells was markedly attenuated after overexpression of TLR4.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that Mor may ameliorate LPS-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPE through inhibition of TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Promoting normal childbirth:Research status and application of upright positions in the second stage of labour

In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to normal childbirth.The World Health Organization(WHO),International Confederation of Midwives(ICM),Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association(CMCHA)have actively advocated normal childbirth[[1],[2],[3]].It is proved that normal childbirth can improve birth outcomes.

Transfer of disulfide bond formation modules via yeast artificial chromosomes promotes the expression of heterologous proteins inKluyveromyces marxianus

Kluyveromyces marxianus is a food-safe yeast with great potential for producing heterologous proteins.Improving the yield in K.marxianus remains a challenge and incorporating large-scale functional modules poses a technical obstacle in engineering.To address these issues,linear and circular yeast artificial chromosomes of K.marxianus(KmYACs)were constructed and loaded with disulfide bond formation modules from Pichia pastoris or K.marxianus.These modules contained up to seven genes with a maximum size of 15 kb.KmYACs carried telomeres either from K.marxianus or Tetrahymena.KmYACs were transferred successfully into K.marxianus and stably propagated without affecting the normal growth of the host,regardless of the type of telomeres and configurations of KmYACs.KmYACs increased the overall expression levels of disulfide bond formation genes and significantly enhanced the yield of various heterologous proteins.In high-density fermentation,the use of KmYACs resulted in a glucoamylase yield of 16.8 g/l,the highest reported level to date in K.marxianus.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cells containing KmYACs suggested increased flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis,enhanced flux entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and a preferred demand for lysine and arginine as features of cells overexpressing heterologous proteins.Consistently,supplementing lysine or arginine further improved the yield.Therefore,KmYAC provides a powerful platform for manipulating large modules with enormous potential for industrial applications and fundamental research.Transferring the disulfide bond formation module via YACs proves to be an efficient strategy for improving the yield of heterologous proteins,and this strategy may be applied to optimize other microbial cell factories.

联合内镜诊断模型在早期食管癌诊断中的应用价值探讨

目的探讨全新联合内镜诊断模型在提高早期食管癌诊断率中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2019年1月期间就诊福建省食管癌早诊早治促进联盟中高发区多家医院疑诊早期食管癌/癌前病变患者共206例作为研究对象。根据病理诊断结果分为高级别上皮内瘤变/食管癌组和炎症/低级别上皮内瘤变组,对比超声内镜(EUS)、碘染色素内镜及放大电子染色内镜(ME-NBI)在早期食管癌中的诊断价值,并建立多种联合内镜诊断模型,创建受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价其对早期食管癌的诊断价值。结果三种内镜诊断早期食管癌的敏感度依次为93.6%、83.2%及73.6%;特异度分别为37.0%、25%及55.6%;准确度分别为86.4%、82.0%及72.8%。单因素分析显示各内镜下表现(浸润深度、IPCL分型、碘染情况、草席征)对早期食管癌有鉴别意义(P<0.05)。在校准年龄、性别、病灶位置等因素后,纳入上述影响因素的联合内镜诊断模型诊断早期食管癌的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为95.6%、89.1%和80.6%,ROC曲线下面积为0.951。结论多种内镜联合诊断明显优于单一的内镜检查方法,结合EUS、ME-NBI、碘染色素内镜的联合内镜诊断模型可明显提高早期食管癌的诊断准确性。