《无机化学》教材编写的实践与思考

结合教材修订的时代背景,回顾总结了吉林大学等三校编写的各版次《无机化学》编写的背景、特色和主要修订内容,提出教材内容必须紧扣教学大纲要求,注意与高中化学课程的衔接,知识讲授上要照顾到大一学生的知识基础,始终保持可读性、可讲授性的教材建设理念,并对新时期新版《无机化学》教材修订进行了展望,以期能为“互联网+”时代的高校无机化学教材建设提供一定的参考。

结合以旧换新的预售策略

近来,预售和以旧换新项目在许多行业中越来越受欢迎,现有文献分别研究了这两种策略,但这两个策略相结合的情况还没有被研究过。受商业实践的启示,我们研究了一种新的预售策略(AT策略),该策略利用以旧换新作为参与预售的奖励或折扣。本研究分析了在分别采用AT策略、传统预售策略(AS策略)和传统以旧换新策略(TN策略)时卖家的定价决策和最佳利润。我们发现当旧产品的残值足够低且产品成本不是太小时,相对于AT策略,卖家选择AS策略更优。另外,相对于TN策略,当产品残值和产品成本较低时,卖家在大多数情况下应该采用AT策略。此外,我们证明了在AT策略中当产品价格极高时卖家仍旧是有利可图的。即使消费者在预售阶段的效用是负的,他们仍愿意参加预售,因为购买两代产品的总消费者剩余是正的。

Accurate quantification of TiO_(2)(B)'s phase purity via Raman spectroscopy

Bronze phase titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)(B))could be a promising high-power anode for lithium ion battery.However,TiO_(2)(B)is a metastable material,so the as-synthesized samples are inevitably accompanied by the existence of anatase phases.It has been found that the TiO_(2)(B)'s purity is positively correlated with its electrochemical performance.Herein,we have established an accurate quantification of the TiO_(2)(B)/anatase ratio,by figuring out the function between the purity of TiO_(2)(B)phase in the high purity range and its Raman spectra features in combination of the calibration by the synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction(XRD).Compared with the time-consuming electrochemical method,the rapid,sensitive and non-destructive features of Raman spectroscopy have made it a promising candidate for determining the purity of TiO_(2)(B).Further,the correlations developed in this work should be instructive in synthesizing pure TiO_(2)(B)and furthermore optimizing its electrochemical charge storage properties.

Isolation,identification and artificial inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani on pear during storage

Pear is a fruit crop of worldwide importance and cold storage is an integral part of the production and distribution of pears.An uncharacterized fungal disease has been observed on‘Huangguan’pear fruit during cold storage in Hebei Province.The fungus was consistently isolated from diseased fruit by routine tissue separation method,and shown to be the causal agent according to Koch postulates.Based on its morphology,molecular characteristics,pathogenicity and ITS sequence,the fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani.This study recorded postharvest fruit rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani on pear fruit in China.

Research Progress in Tomato Responses to Abiotic Stress

Tomato is a kind of vegetable with high economic benefits in protected farmland.Accounting for 30% of vegetable planting area in the entire protected farmland,tomato plays an essential role in cultivation of protected vegetable.Different abiotic stresses have different degrees of influence on growth and development,yield,and fruit quality of tomatoes.Therefore,finding out life activity rules of tomatoes under different abiotic stresses will be of great significance to breeding for stress tolerance and increasing tomato yield and income.This paper made an overview of research progress in tomato responses to abiotic stress in growth and development,physiology and biochemistry,and gene regulation.

A haplotype-resolved genome reveals the genetic basis of spine formation in Atelerix albiventris

Hedgehogs,small nocturnal mammals of the Erinaceinae subfamily,play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance(Hernandez,2008;Taucher et al.,2020).Atelerix albiventris(A.albiventris),a species native to West and Central Africa,is the smallest of the African hedgehogs.A.albiventris has undergone domestication and is utilized in biomedical research and offered in the exotic pet trade(Santana et al.,2010).In recent years,hedgehog population numbers have shown a declining trend due to human-induced disturbance(Johnson et al.,2015).

Nanocarbon catalysts with co-active S−P−C sites enhance metal-free direct oxidation of alcohols

In this study,a sulfur–phosphorus co-doped nanocarbon(SPC)catalyst was syn-thesized using a straightforward one-step colloidal carbonization method and demonstrated high performance in the metal-free direct oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.This metal-free SPC catalyst showed exceptional efficiency,achiev-ing a conversion rate of 90%for benzyl alcohol and a selectivity of 94%toward benzaldehyde within only 1 h at 130◦C.Moreover,it displays exceptional cycle stability and a high turnover frequency(17.1×10-3 mol g-1 h-1).Theoretical analysis suggested that the catalyst’s superior performance is attributed to the presence of unsaturated edge defects and S-P-moieties,which increase the density of states at the Fermi level,lower the band gap energy,and promote electron localization.Additionally,the doping introduces cooperative co-active S-P-C sites,facilitating a synergistic multisite catalytic effect that lowers the energy barriers.These findings represent a significant advancement in the field of metal-free direct alcohol oxidation.

Prevalence and factors associated with pentavalent vaccination:a cross-sectional study in Southern China

Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced vaccine compliance and completion.Thus,it is critical to develop combination vaccines to reduce the number of injections and simplify the immunization schedule.This study aimed to investigate the current status of the pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis andHaemophilus influenzae type B conjugate(DTaP-IPV/Hib)vaccination in Southern China as well as explore the factors in the general population associated with uptake and the differences between urban and rural populations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recently enrolled kindergarten students in Hainan Province between December 2022 and January 2023.The study employed a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method.Information regarding the demographic characteristics and factors that influence decisions were collected from the caregivers of children via an online questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the status of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccinations.Results Of the 4818 valid responses,95.3%of children were aged 3-4 years,and 2856(59.3%)held ruralhukou.Coverage rates of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine,from 1 to 4 doses,were 24.4%,20.7%,18.5%,and 16.0%,respectively.Caregivers who are concerned about vaccine efficacy[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-1.79],the manufacturer(aOR=2.05,95%CI:1.69-2.49),and a simple immunization schedule(aOR=1.26,95%CI:1.04-1.54)are factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccinating children against DTaP-IPV/Hib.In addition,caregivers in urban areas showed more concern about the vaccine price(P=0.010)and immunization schedule(P=0.022)in regard to vaccinating children.Conclusions The DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine coverage rate in Hainan Province remains low.Factors such as lower socioeconomic status,cultural beliefs,concerns about vaccine safety,and cost may hinder caregivers from vaccinating their children.Further measures,such as health education campaigns to raise knowledge and awareness,and encouragement of domestic vaccine innovation,which would reduce out-of-pocket costs,could be implemented to improve the coverage of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccination.

SOLVABILITY OF DISCRETE FRACTIONAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

In this paper, by introducing a new approach, we investigate a discrete fractional boundary value problem. We transform a fractional nonlinear difference equation on a finite discrete segment with boundary conditions into a system, and obtain some conditions for the existence of solutions to the equation, based on coincidence degree theory and matrix theory but not on Green’s function.