Compound Danshen injection improves endotoxin-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery

AIM: To investigate the effect of compound Danshen injection on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions and the underlying possible mechanism by an inverted intravital microscope and high-speed video camera system. METHODS: LPS was continuously infused through the jugular artery of male Wistar rats at the dose of 2 mg/kg per hour. Changes in mesenteric microcirculation,such as diameters of arterioles and venules,velocity of RBCs in venules,leukocyte rolling,adhesion and emigration,free radicals released from post-capillary venules,FITC- albumin leakage and mast cell degranulation,were observed through an inverted intravital microscope assisted with CCD camera and SIT camera. Meanwhile,the expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 and the production of free radical in neutrophils,and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were quantified by flow cytometry (FACS) in vitro. RESULTS: The continuous infusion with LPS resulted in a number of responses in microcirculation,including a significant increase in the positive region of venulestained with Monastral blue B,rolling and adhesion of leukocytes,production of oxygen radical in venular wall,albumin efflux and enhanced mast cell degranulation in vivo,all of which,except for the leukocyte rolling,were attenuated by the treatment with compound Danshen injection. Experiments performed in vitro further revealed that the expression of CD11b/CD18 and the production of oxygen free radical in neutrophils,and the expression of ICAM-1 in HUVECs were increased by exposure to LPS,and they were attenuated by compound Danshen injection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that compound Danshen injection is an efficient drug with multi-targeting potential for improving the microcirculatory disturbance.

Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculation disturbance induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion

AIM： To assess the effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in mice. METHODS： The superior mesenteric artery （SMA） of C57/BL mice was ligated for 15 min to induce gut ischemia followed by 30-rain reperfusion. In another set of experiments, R1 was continuously infused （10 mg/kg per hour） from 10 min before I/R until the end of the investigation to study the influence of R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut I/R. Hepatic microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy, and the vascular diameter, red blood cell （RBC） velocity and sinusoid perfusion were estimated. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were observed under a laser confocal microscope. Thirty and 60 min after reperfusion, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, alanine aminotransferase （ALl＇） and aspartate transaminase （AST） in peripheral blood were determined. The expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 in neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor- alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） in plasma were evaluated by flow Oltometry. E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in hepatic tissue were examined by immunofluorescence.RESULTS： After gut I/R, the diameters of terminal portal venules and central veins, RBC velocity and the number of perfused sinusoids were decreased, while the leukocyte rolling and adhesion, the expression of E-selectin in hepatic vessels and CD18 in neutrophils, IL-6, MCP-1, LDH, ALT and AST were increased. R1 treatment attenuated these alterations except for IL-6 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION： R1 prevents I/R-induced hepatic microcirculation disturbance and hepatocyte injury, The effect of R1 is related to its inhibition of leukocyte rolling and adhesion by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin in endothelium and CD18 in neutrophils.

In vivo observation of cerebral microcirculation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice

Acute brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage is the major cause of poor prognosis. The pathology of subarachnoid hemorrhage likely involves major morphological changes in the microcirculation. However, previous studies primarily used fixed tissue or delayed injury models. Therefore, in the present study, we used in vivo imaging to observe the dynamic changes in cerebral microcirculation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by perforation of the bifurcation of the middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries in male C57/BL6 mice. The diameter of pial arterioles and venules was measured by in vivo fluorescence microscopy at different time points within 180 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow was examined and leukocyte adhesion/albumin extravasation was determined at different time points before and after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral pial microcirculation was abnormal and cerebral blood flow was reduced after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acute vasoconstriction occurred predominantly in the arterioles instead of the venules. A progressive increase in the number of adherent leukocytes in venules and substantial albumin extravasation were observed between 10 and 180 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These results show that major changes in microcirculation occur in the early stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our findings may promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the early treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Effect of salvianolic acid B on TNF-a induced cerebral microcirculatory changes in a micro-invasive mouse model

Purpose： To investigate the effects of salvianolic acid B （SAB） on tumor necrosis factor a （TNF-a） induced alterations of cerebral microcirculation with a bone-abrading model. Methods： The influences of craniotomy model and bone-abrading model on cerebral microcirculation were compared. The bone-abrading method was used to detect the effects of intracerebroventricular application of 40 μg/kg.bw TNF-a on cerebral venular leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）- albulmin and the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes on venules with fluorescence tracer rhodamine 6G, The therapeutical effects of SAB on TNF-a induced microcirculatory alteration were observed, with continuous intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg.h SAB starting at 20 min before or 20 min after TNF-a administration, respectively, The expressions of CDllb/CD18 and CD62L in leukocytes were measured with flow cytometry, Immunohistochemical staining was also used to detect E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, Results： Compared with craniotomy method, the bone-abrading method preserved a higher erythrocyte velocity in cerebral venules and more opening capillaries. TNF-a intervention only caused responses of vascular hyperpermeability and leukocyte roiling on venular walls, without leukocyte adhesion and other hemodynamic changes. Pre- or post-SAB treatment attenuated those responses and suppressed the enhanced expressions of CDII b/CDI8 and CD62L in leukocytes and E-selectin and ICAM-I in endothelial cells induced by TNF-a. Conclusions： The pre- and post-applications of SAB during TNF-a stimulation could suppress adhesive molecular expression and subsequently attenuate the increase of cerebral vascular permeability and leukocyte rolling.

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association (GP-TCM RA).

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association(GP-TCM RA).WJTCM(ISSN 2311-8571,quarterly)aims to report the research progress in clinical efficacy and action mechanism of TCM.

Chinese herbal remedies affecting thrombosis and hemostasis: A review

Acute coronary syndrome, stroke and other ischemic events continue to be the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, and their incidence is rapidly increasing in the developing nations. These cardiovascular disorders clinically manifest as acute atherothrombotic events. Application of oral antiplatelet drugs is a milestone in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, the limited efficacy of these drugs in the setting of arterial thrombosis, their unfavorable side effects, cost-to-benefit issues and the drug resistance phenomenon substantiate the need for the development of new and more efficacious antithrombotic drugs. In recent years, with the progress in the study of the Chinese medicine pharmacology, many Chinese herbs and formulas, as well as active constituents have been reported to possess not only effects on platelet aggregation and activation but also beneficial roles in vascular functions. Compared with currently used antithrombotic agents, herb remedies exert antithrombotic effects in a multi-pathway and multi-target manner. This paper will cover the progress in research on the ameliorating effects of herbal remedies on thrombosis, with focusing on their protection of vascular endothelial cells and inhibition of platelet activation.

Paeonol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-induced Microcirculatory Disturbance in Rat Mesentery

Objective: To investigate the effect of paeonol on lipopolysaccheride(LPS)-induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions.Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups(n=6 in each): Sham group, LPS group, paeonol group, paeonol+LPS group, and LPS+paeonol group. Endotoximia model was conducted by continuous LPS infusion. Changes in mesenteric microcirculatory variables, including diameter of venule, velocity of red blood cells in venule, leukocyte adhesion, free radicals produced in venule and albumin leakage from venule, were observed through an inverted intravital microscope. Meanwhile, the expression of myeloperoxidase(MPO), CD18,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B p65 subunit(NF-κB p65), activator protein-1(AP-1), and Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) was assessed by Western blot.Results: After infusion of LPS, the number of leukocytes adherent to venular wall, the intensity of dihydrorhodamine 123(DHR)fluorescence in the venular walls, and albumin leakage from venules were significantly increased, whereas the red blood cell velocity in venule was decreased. All the manifestations were significantly reduced by pre-treatment and post-treatment with paeonol. Moreover, paeonol significantly attenuated the expression of MPO, CD18, ICAM-1, TLR4, NF-κB p65, AP-1 and JNK in rat mesentery after LPS.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that paeonol could protect from and ameliorate the microcirculation disturbance induced by LPS.

Progression of the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue Syndrome,Microcirculatory Disturbances,in Infectious Diseases and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced endotoxemia is a critical condition that initiates microcirculatory disturbance and may progress to multiple organ failure that threatens the lives of millions of people around the world each year.The pathology of endotoxemia involves multiple insults mediated by a range of signaling pathways.Multitarget management is required to relieve endotoxemia.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a type of therapeutic that commonly contains numerous components and,thus,exhibits multitarget potential.More importantly,some TCM formulas have been proposed and used for effective treatment of endotoxemia-like diseases.In the past 20 years,an increasing number of studies have explored the effects and mechanisms of these formulas and their major bioactive components on microcirculatory disturbance and organ injury caused by LPS.The results obtained thus far provide support for the clinical use of TCM and shed light on the underlying mechanisms.

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (WJTCM), a peer reviewed and open access journal, is sponsored by WFCMS, and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association (GP-TCM RA).

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association(GP-TCM RA).WJTCM(ISSN 2311-8571,quarterly)aims to report the research progress in clinical efficacy and action mechanism of TCM,natural medicine,Chinese materia medica,acupuncture and moxibustion to doctors and biomedical researchers around the world,so as to provide new thoughts and methodsfor solving complex diseases and knotty diseases.

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association(GP-TCM RA).WJTCM(ISSN 2311-8571,quarterly)aims to report the research progress in clinical efficacy and action mechanism of TCM,natural medicine,Chinese materia medica,acupuncture and moxibustion to doctors and biomedical researchers around the world,so as to provide new thoughts and methods for solving complex diseases and knotty diseases.

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association(GP-TCM RA).

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (WJTCM,English Journal),a peer reviewed and open acess journal,is supervised by State Adminstration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) and sponsored by WFCMS.It is both a publication of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) and the offcial journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association (GP-TCM RA).The journal won the support of Project of Upgrading the Influence of China Science&Technology Periodical,2015 D Category,organized by six government bodies including China Association of Science and Technology etc.

Panax Notoginseng Saponins Restrains Ischemia-reperfusion-induced Rat Mesenteric Microcirculatory Disturbance

Objective: To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on ischemia reperfusion(I/R) induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions.Methods: Male Wistar rats weighting 200–250 g were subjected to 10 min ligation of the superior mesenteric artery and vein, followed by60 min reperfusion. PNS(5 mg/kg/hr) was continuously administrated starting from 10 min before ischemia or 10 min after reperfusion until60 min after reperfusion via left jugular vein. Leukocytes adhesion, mast cell degranulation, endothelial peroxidation, and albumin leakage of rat mesenteric venules were observed. Serum myeloperoxidase(MPO) level, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression and Src phosphorylation were examined.Results: PNS ameliorated leukocyte adhesion and mast cell degranulation, while with no obvious effects on endothelial peroxidation and albumin leakage. In addition, PNS inhibited serum MPO increase, intestinal ICAM-1 expression and Src phosphorylation induced by I/R.Conclusions: PNS ameliorated I/R-induced leukocyte adhesion and mast cell degranulation, the former is related to its inhibition of Src phosphorylation and ICAM-1 expression.

Invitation Letter for Contributions

World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),a peer reviewed and open access journal,is sponsored by WFCMS,and it is the official journal of Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Association(GP-TCM RA).WJTCM(ISSN 2311-8571,quarterly)aims to report the research progress in clinical efficacy andaction mechanism of TCM.

Foreword

It is with great pleasure that we announce the founding of a new journal named World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM).which is a quarterly,peer-reviewed open access journal(ISSN 2311-8571)sponsored by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS)In the past twenty years.Traditional Chinese medicine has made great progress both in basic research and clinical studies since Chinese government initiated the program called'TCM Modernization and Globalization'in 1996.Research activities focused on TCM theory,acupuncture.TCM chemistry,quality control,toxicology,pharmacology.

AMELIORATING EFFECTS OF CARDIOTONIC PILLS,A COMPOUND CHINESE MEDICINE ON MYOCARDIAL MICROCIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE AND MYOCARDIAL INJURY AFTER ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION

Cardiotonic Pills(CP)is a compound preparation of Chinese medicine consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza,Panax notoginseng and Borneol,and it has been approved in 1994by the China State Food and Drug Administration for treating ischemic angina pectoris.It has passed the Phase II clinical trials by the US Food and Drug Administration in2009,December,demonstrating its potential to prolong

Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Science is the Way Forward

On behalf of the editorial team of World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WJTCM),we would like to convey our sincere gratitude to the great efforts of our editorial board members,referees,authors,readers and all the warmhearted supporters to contribute for the journal growth in the first year of its release in 2015.