A global view of transcriptome dynamics during flower development in Capsicum annuum L.

An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes.In this study,we analyzed the transcriptome data of 36 samples obtained during floral organ development from pepper‘6421’and detected 30016 genes that were expressed in at least one sample.K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the data into 16 clusters based on the similarities between the dynamic expression profiles of genes.Of these,15 clusters exhibited notable up-regulation or down-regulation trends in different developmental stages or tissues of floral organs.We identified transcription factors expressed at the early,medium,and late stages of bud development(F1,F5,F9).Transcription factor families such as AP2-ERF,MADS-box,MYB,bHLH,and NAC showed significant levels of enrichment.In comparison with genes expressed in vegetative tissues at different stages,certain genes were specifically up-regulated during flower development;among these,the number of genes specifically up-regulated during the stamen(Sta10)and bud tetrad development(F4)stages was the highest.Through extensive studies of the ABCDE model of flower development in Arabidopsis,we identified 17 ABCDE model candidate genes in pepper,most of which were up-regulated at specific stages of flower bud development.The expression data provided in this study is the most comprehensive dataset available for pepper to date and will serve as a resource for identifying the functions of many specific genes involved in flower development in pepper and other Solanaceae plants.

Polaron mobility modulation by bandgap engineering in black phaseα-FAPbI_(3)

Lead halide hybrid perovskites(LHP)have emerged as one of the most promising photovoltaic materials for their remarkable solar energy conversion ability.The transportation of the photoinduced carriers in LHP could screen the defect recombination with the help of the large polaron formation.However,the physical insight of the relationship between the superior optical-electronic performance of perovskite and its polaron dynamics related to the electron-lattice strong coupling induced by the substitution engineering is still lack of investigation.Here,the bandgap modulated thin films ofα-FAPbI_(3)with different element substitution is investigated by the time resolved Terahertz spectroscopy.We find the polaron recombination dynamics could be prolonged in LHP with a relatively smaller bandgap,even though the formation of polaron will not be affected apparently.Intuitively,the large polaron mobility in(FAPb I_(3))0.95(MAPbI_(3))0.05thin film is~30%larger than that in(FAPb I_(3))0.85(MAPbBr_(3))0.15.The larger mobility in(FAPb I_(3))0.95(MAPb I_(3))0.05could be assigned to the slowing down of the carrier scattering time.Therefore,the physical origin of the higher carrier mobility in the(FAPb I_(3))0.95(MAPbI_(3))0.05should be related with the lattice distortion and enhanced electron–phonon coupling induced by the substitution.In addition,(FAPbI_(3))0.95(MAPbI_(3))0.05will lose fewer active carriers during the polaron cooling process than that in(FAPb I_(3))0.85(MAPbBr_(3)),indicating lower thermal dissipation in(FAPbI_(3))0.95(MAPbI_(3))0.05.Our results suggest that besides the smaller bandgap,the higher polaron mobility improved by the substitution engineering inα-FAPbI_(3)can also be an important factor for the high PCE of the black phaseα-FAPbI_(3)based solar cell devices.

Crohn’s disease as the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction:An exploratory proposal based on basic and clinical data

Crohn’s disease(CD)is caused by immune,environmental,and genetic factors.It can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract,and although its prevalence is rapidly increasing its etiology remains unclear.Emerging biological and small-molecule drugs have advanced the treatment of CD;however,a considerable proportion of patients are non-responsive to all known drugs.To achieve a breakthrough in this field,innovations that could guide the further development of effective therapies are of utmost urgency.In this review,we first propose the innovative concept of pan-lymphatic dysfunction for the general distribution of lymphatic dysfunction in various diseases,and suggest that CD is the intestinal manifestation of pan-lymphatic dysfunction based on basic and clinical preliminary data.The supporting evidence is fully summarized,including the existence of lymphatic system dysfunction,recognition of the inside-out model,disorders of immune cells,changes in cell plasticity,partial overlap of the underlying mechanisms,and common gut-derived fatty and bile acid metabolism.Another benefit of this novel concept is that it proposes adopting the zebrafish model for studying intestinal diseases,especially CD,as this model is good at presenting and mimicking lymphatic dysfunction.More importantly,the ensuing focus on improving lymphatic function may lead to novel and promising therapeutic strategies for CD.

光引发格氏试剂合成与三苯甲醇制备实验改进

在大学有机化学实验中,通过格氏试剂与苯甲酸酯反应制备三苯甲醇是一项经典的实验教学项目。该实验通常利用碘加热方法引发制备苯基溴化镁,但碘加热引发过程不易控制,且易产生副产物联苯,导致产率不高,甚至部分学生不能成功得到格氏试剂,导致实验失败。本文通过光照的方法来引发制备格氏试剂,无需碘加热引发。在520 nm的LED灯光照下,溴苯和镁可以直接反应得到苯基溴化镁,反应不需要加热,即使在-10℃下都可以顺利进行。该光源廉价易得,改进后的光照方法能够使格氏试剂合成时间缩短、产率提高,实验成功率也得以提升,因此该方法值得在全国其他高校推广应用。

Next‑Generation Green Hydrogen: Progress and Perspective from Electricity, Catalyst to Electrolyte in Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

Green hydrogen from electrolysis of water has attracted widespread attention as a renewable power source.Among several hydrogen production methods,it has become the most promising technology.However,there is no large-scale renewable hydrogen production system currently that can compete with conventional fossil fuel hydrogen production.Renewable energy electrocatalytic water splitting is an ideal production technology with environmental cleanliness protection and good hydrogen purity,which meet the requirements of future development.This review summarizes and introduces the current status of hydrogen production by water splitting from three aspects:electricity,catalyst and electrolyte.In particular,the present situation and the latest progress of the key sources of power,catalytic materials and electrolyzers for electrocatalytic water splitting are introduced.Finally,the problems of hydrogen generation from electrolytic water splitting and directions of next-generation green hydrogen in the future are discussed and outlooked.It is expected that this review will have an important impact on the field of hydrogen production from water.

Plasma Metabonomics of Human Adenovirus-infected Patients with Pneumonia and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains unclear.In the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of HAdV-7-infected patients with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)were explored.Methods In total,35 patients were enrolled in the study following an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army,of whom 14 had pneumonia and 21 had URTI.Blood samples were collected at the acute stage and at the recovery stage and were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics.Results Over 90% of the differential metabolites identified between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients were lipids and lipid-like molecules,including glycerophospholipids,fatty acyls,and sphingolipids.The metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched were primarily the lipid metabolism pathways,including sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and linoleic acid metabolism.The sphingolipid metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients and between the acute and recovery stages for the pneumonia patients,but not between the acute and recovery stages for the URTI patients.Ceramide and lactosylceramide,involved in sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly higher in the pneumonia patients than in the URTI patients with good discrimination abilities[area under curve(AUC)0.742 and 0.716,respectively;combination AUC 0.801].Conclusion Our results suggested that HAdV modulated lipid metabolism for both the patients with URTI and pneumonia,especially the sphingolipid metabolism involving ceramide and lactosylceramide,which might thus be a potential intervention target in the treatment of HAdV infection.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Erhuang Suppository for Treatment of Persistent High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Impact on Transcriptome of Uterine Cervix

Objective High-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection is the chief cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and cervical carcinoma.The Erhuang suppository(EHS)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prepared from realgar(As2S2),Coptidis rhizoma,alumen,and borneolum syntheticum and has been used for antiviral and antitumor purposes.However,whether EHS can efficiently alleviate HR-HPV infection remains unclear.This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of EHS for the treatment of persistent HR-HPV infection in the uterine cervix.Methods In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of EHS in a randomized controlled clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up.Totally,70 patients with persistent HR-HPV infection were randomly assigned to receive intravaginal administration of EHS or placebo.HPV DNA,ThinPrep cytologic test(TCT),colposcopy,and safety evaluation were carried out after treatment.Microarray analysis was performed to compare transcriptome profiles before and after EHS treatment.A K14-HPV16 mouse model was generated to confirm the efficiency of EHS.Results After 3 months,74.3%(26/35)of the patients in the treatment group were HPV negative,compared to 6.9%(2/29)in the placebo group.High-throughput microarrays revealed distinct transcriptome profiles after treatment.The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in complement activation,immune response,and apoptotic processes.The K14-HPV16 mouse model also validated the remarkable efficacy of EHS.Conclusion This study demonstrated that EHS is effective against HR-HPV infection and cervical lesions.Additionally,no obvious systemic toxicity was observed in patients during the trial.The superior efficacy and safety of EHS demonstrated its considerable value as a potential cost-effective drug for the treatment of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical diseases.

Comparative DNA methylation reveals epigenetic adaptation to high altitude in snub-nosed monkeys

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in environmental adaptations.Here,using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing,we generated comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation profiles for the high-altitude Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)and the closely related golden snub-nosed monkey(R.roxellana).Our findings indicated a slight increase in overall DNA methylation levels in golden snub-nosed monkeys compared to Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys,suggesting a higher prevalence of hypermethylated genomic regions in the former.Comparative genomic methylation analysis demonstrated that genes associated with differentially methylated regions were involved in membrane fusion,vesicular formation and trafficking,hemoglobin function,cell cycle regulation,and neuronal differentiation.These results suggest that the high-altitude-related epigenetic modifications are extensive,involving a complete adaptation process from the inhibition of single Ca^(2+)channel proteins to multiple proteins collaboratively enhancing vesicular function or inhibiting cell differentiation and proliferation.Functional assays demonstrated that overexpression or down-regulation of candidate genes,such as SNX10,TIMELESS,and CACYBP,influenced cell viability under stress conditions.Overall,this research suggests that comparing DNA methylation across closely related species can identify novel candidate genomic regions and genes associated with local adaptations,thereby deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying environmental adaptations.

The Moderating Effect of Organizational Identification on Occupational Stress and Insomnia Among Nurses

Objective:To explore the relationship between organizational identification,occupational stress,and insomnia among nurses and to analyze the moderating role of organizational identification between occupational stress and insomnia.Methods:Through stratified sampling,720 nurses working in a tertiary A-level hospital in Shandong Province from March to May 2021 were surveyed using an effort-reward imbalance questionnaire,an organizational identification questionnaire,and the Athens Insomnia scale.Results:Organizational identification was negatively correlated with occupational stress and insomnia(r_(1)=-0.121,P_(1)<0.01;r_(2)=-0.144,P_(2)<0.01).Occupational stress was positively correlated with insomnia(r=0.379,P<0.01).Organizational identity significantly moderated nurses’occupational stress and insomnia(β=-0.192,t=-2.558,P<0.05).Conclusion:Occupational stress and organizational identification can predict insomnia.Organizational identification could negatively mediate the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia.Improving organizational identification may help alleviate insomnia symptoms by relieving occupational stress.

产品要素对在线知识付费量的影响及边界条件研究

在线知识付费日趋成为普遍现象,学者们探究了产品要素对付费意愿的影响,却忽视了在不同类型产品中作用的差异以及累计销量的作用。本研究主要探究产品要素对用户在线付费意愿的影响,并探讨产品类型的调节作用。通过在线爬虫,我们获取了知乎在线问答中知识付费数据,使用SPSS对数据进行管理和分析,并采用负二项回归对面板数据进行分析来检验本研究的假设。结果表明,价格对付费意愿有显著的负向影响,而累计咨询量正向影响用户的付费意愿;用户评价和平台认可度对付费意愿的影响不显著;享乐型产品的价格负向影响付费量,而实用型产品中这种影响不显著。本研究还讨论了对在线知识付费领域的理论和实践贡献。

Research on the Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Driving Forces of Green Spaces in the Central Urban Area of Zunyi City

Green space,as a medium for carrying out urban functions and guiding urban development,is becoming a scarce resource along with the urbanization process and the intensification of environmental problems.In the face of the spatial mismatch between high demand and low supply,it is of great significance to clarify the evolution mechanism of green space to undertake national spatial planning,protect the natural strategic resources in the urban fringe area,and promote the sustainable development of the“three living spaces.”The study focuses on the Zunyi City Center,selecting the 20 years of rapid development following its establishment as a city as the study period.It explores the dynamic evolution of green space and the main driving forces during different periods using remote-sensing image data.The study shows that from 2003 to 2023,the total scale of green space has an obvious decreasing trend along with the expansion of the urban built-up area.A large amount of arable land is being converted to construction land,resulting in a sudden decrease in arable land area.In the past 10 years,the comprehensive land use dynamics have accelerated.Still,the spatial difference has gradually narrowed,indicating that the overall development intensity of Zunyi City’s central urban area has increased.There is a gradual spread of the trend to the hilly areas.The limiting effect of the mountainous natural environment on the city’s development has gradually diminished under the superposition of external factors,such as economic development,industrial technological upgrading,and policy orientation so the importance of the effective protection and rational utilization of urban green space has become more prominent.

CNT modified by mesoporous carbon anchored by Ni nanoparticles for CO_(2) electrochemical reduction

The design of novel catalysts for efficient electroreduction of CO_(2) into valueadded chemicals is a promising approach to alleviate the energy crisis.Herein,we successfully modify the carbon nanotube by a layer of mesoporous carbon shell anchored by nickel(Ni)nanoparticles.Ni species effectively enable carbon deposition derived from pyrolysis of surfactant 1-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to form a mesoporous carbon shell.At the same time,Ni nanoparticles can be embedded in the mesoporous carbon shell due to the confinement effect.Owing to the dispersive Ni nanoparticles and N-doping active sites of mesoporous carbon,the as-prepared electrocatalyst exhibits exciting catalytic performance for the selective reduction of CO_(2) to carbon monoxide(CO)with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 98%at a moderate overpotential of−0.81 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)and a high partial current density of 60 mA cm^(−2) in H-cell with an aqueous electrolyte.

Review on Heteroatom Doping Carbonaceous Materials Toward Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction into chemicals or fuels by electrocatalysis can eff ectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the energy crisis.Currently,CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction(CO_(2)RR)has been considered as an ideal way to achieve“carbon neutrality.”In CO_(2)RR,the characteristics and properties of catalysts directly determine the reaction activity and selectivity of the catalytic process.Much attention has been paid to carbon-based catalysts because of their diversity,low cost,high availability,and high throughput.However,electrically neutral carbon atoms have no catalytic activity.Incorpo-rating heteroatoms has become an eff ective strategy to control the catalytic activity of carbon-based materials.The doped carbon-based catalysts reported at present show excellent catalytic performance and application potential in CO_(2)RR.Based on the type and quantity of heteroatoms doped into carbon-based catalysts,this review summarizes the performances and catalytic mechanisms of carbon-based materials doped with a single atom(including metal and without metal)and multi atoms(including metal and without metal)in CO_(2)RR and reveals prospects for developing CO_(2)electroreduction in the future.

Interfacial-interaction-induced fabrication of biomass-derived porous carbon with enhanced intrinsic active sites

Carbon catalysis is an attractive metal-free catalytic transformation,and its performance is significantly dependent on the number of accessible active sites.However,owing to the inherent stability of the C-C linkage,only limited active sites at the edge defects of the basal plane can be obtained even after a harsh oxidation treatment.In this study,the concept of interfacial interactions was adopted to propose an efficient strategy to develop highly active carbon catalysts.The alumina/carbon interface formed in situ acted as a cradle for the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups.In the absence of oxidation treatment,the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups and the specific surface area can reach 1.27 mmol·g^(-1) and 2340 m^(2)·g^(-1),respectively,which are significantly higher than those of carbon prepared by traditional hard template methods.This active carbon shows a significant enhancement in catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of amine to imine,about 22-fold higher than that of a well-known graphite oxide catalyst.Such interfacial interaction strategies are based on sustainable carbon sources and can effectively tune the porous structure of carbon in the micro-and meso-ranges.This conceptual finding offers new opportunities for the development of high-performance carbon-based metal-free catalysts.

Why does a high-fat diet induce preeclampsia-like symptoms in pregnant rats?

Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid metabolism disorder-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 days. Thus, these pregnant rats experienced preeclampsia-like syndromes such as hyper-tension and proteinuria. Simultaneously, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mRNA and protein ex-pressions were upregulated in the rat hippocampus. These findings indicate that increased expres-sion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 promotes the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced pree-clampsia in pregnant rats.

Study on Horizontal Well Layout Boundary Considering Wellbore Pressure Loss

Based on the Dikken analytical calculation method of wellbore pressure loss under single-phase fluid and turbulent flow conditions, the correlation model between horizontal well output and horizontal section length and horizontal section distributed pressure difference is constructed. The influence degree of wellbore pressure loss on daily oil production of horizontal well, horizontal section pressure and production effect of horizontal well under different horizontal well lengths is analyzed, which provides certain reference for the design of horizontal well length and well layout.

中小学教师线上教学核心胜任力模型构建研究

随着互联网技术不断与教育融合,特别是在经历新冠疫情防控期间大规模在线教育实践基础上,各地中小学教师对基于互联网的线上教学与辅导从“探索”转向“适应”。这种线上教学并不同于常规的信息化教学环境,具有空间分离、学生差异大、组织灵活多样、突发状况多等特殊性,对师生提出巨大的挑战。教师需要具备哪些核心能力应对这种挑战成为值得研究和思考的问题。通过德尔菲法确定中小学教师线上教学核心胜任力指标词典,构建由职业素养、信息素养、线上教学素养、发展素养、个人特质组成的中小学教师线上教学核心胜任力模型,并进行模型的验证性分析,期待对建立教师线上教学考评体系、提升教师线上教学能力有一定价值。

梳型长短侧链聚羧酸减水剂对水泥早期水化行为的影响及作用机理

调节异戊烯醇聚氧乙烯醚(TPEG)的聚合度及与丙烯酸(AA)的摩尔比,以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)为链转移剂,通过水溶液自由聚合法合成了长侧链聚羧酸(LPCE)、长短侧链聚羧酸(LSPCEs)和短侧链聚羧酸(SPCE)3类梳型聚羧酸减水剂(PCEs)。研究了长短侧链比例对水泥早期水化行为的影响,进一步通过PCEs水溶液聚集形态、吸附性能和引气性能等探讨了长短侧链比例对水泥水化行为影响的作用机理。结果表明,SPCE有利于延缓水泥的早期水化,使水化诱导期延长,这是由于SPCE较LSPCEs和LPCE,在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量更大、吸附层厚度更高所致。加入水泥后,随着短侧链比例的增大,PCEs水溶液的起泡高度有增加趋势,而LPCE水溶液的黏度较大,稳泡性能较LSPCEs和SPCE好。

一例X染色体结构重排导致DMD疾病

假肥大型肌营养不良(Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy,DMD/BMD)是一种最常见的进行性肌营养不良疾病,呈X-连锁隐性遗传,主要由DMD基因的缺失、重复及点突变所致,极少数病例是由于染色体结构重排破坏了DMD基因而引起疾病的发生。本文报告了1例经多重连接探针扩增技术(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)和下一代测序检测后原因未明的、具有典型症状的DMD患者。采用核型分析、FISH分析及三代测序、Sanger测序综合分析发现,患者存在母源性的X染色体臂间倒位(Chr.X:g.[31939463–31939465del;31939466–131765063 inv;131765064–131765067del])半合子变异。由于该变异破坏了DMD基因和HS6ST2基因,因此推测该变异是患者发病的遗传学病因。患者表现肌无力等典型的DMD症状,没有明显的Paganini-Miozzo综合征相关症状。本病例的明确诊断,提示结构重排破坏DMD基因也是导致DMD重要原因之一;常规遗传学检测阴性的患者应考虑核型分析、FISH验证等结构重排变异检测技术,通过三代测序技术能确定大概的重排断点位置,Sanger测序可明确断点区域序列。本病例报告通过明确的遗传学诊断为该患者所在家庭进行生殖干预、降低再生育风险提供了诊疗基础。

官员更替、政策连续性与贫困治理绩效——来自国家级贫困县脱贫的经验证据

党的十八大以来,我国贫困治理体系呈现出中央统筹规划、地方因地制宜相结合的特征,促进了经济增长和民生保障的相互协调。现有研究从不同角度解释中国的脱贫奇迹以及相应的治理机制,无论在哪种机制下,地方官员在治理实践中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。论文将中国精准扶贫、脱贫攻坚作为实证研究背景,通过分析2012—2018年1948个县级行政单位的1733位县委书记的履历和辖区社会经济匹配数据,考察地方官员更替如何塑造中国贫困治理绩效。论文进一步探究区域经济、官僚政治情境与官员更替的交互效应,并考察官员更替对县级政府财政支出的影响,验证了地方官员影响贫困治理政策连续性的逻辑。研究发现:(1)县级官员更替引发扶贫政策不连续,对辖区贫困治理带来负面影响,长期频繁的官员更替则会产生长期的负面影响。(2)官员更替的影响在距离中心城市近、农业经济比重高的县更为明显。继任官员由外省调入时会放大该负面效应,由本县提拔时该负面效应不再显著;离任官员落马会放大该负面效应,获得提拔时该负面效应不再显著。(3)地方财政是官员更替影响治理绩效的作用渠道。研究为理解扶贫等社会政策领域地方治理绩效的来源拓展了新的理论思路,为优化官员人事管理机制提供了政策启示。