Protease inhibitors promote herbivore resistance in diverse plant species.Although many inducible protease inhibitors have been identified,there are limited reports available on the biological relevance and molecular ...Protease inhibitors promote herbivore resistance in diverse plant species.Although many inducible protease inhibitors have been identified,there are limited reports available on the biological relevance and molecular basis of constitutive protease inhibitors in herbivore resistance.Here,we identified a serine protease inhibitor,CsSERPIN1,from the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).Expression of CsSERPIN1 was not strongly affected by the assessed biotic and abiotic stresses.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CsSERPIN1 strongly inhibited the activities of digestive protease activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin.Transient or heterologous expression of CsSERPIN1 significantly reduced herbivory by two destructive herbivores,the tea geometrid and fall armyworm,in tea and Arabidopsis plants,respectively.The expression of CsSERPIN1 in Arabidopsis did not negatively influence the growth of the plants under the measured parameters.Our findings suggest that CsSERPIN1 can inactivate gut digestive proteases and suppress the growth and development of herbivores,making it a promising candidate for pest prevention in agriculture.展开更多
When the wind speed changes significantly in a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system,the maximum power point cannot be easily determined in a timely manner.This study proposes a maximum power refer...When the wind speed changes significantly in a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system,the maximum power point cannot be easily determined in a timely manner.This study proposes a maximum power reference signal search method based on fuzzy control,which is an improvement to the climbing search method.A neural network-based parameter regulator is proposed to address external wind speed fluctuations,where the parameters of a proportional-integral controller is adjusted to accurately monitor the maximum power point under different wind speed conditions.Finally,the effectiveness of this method is verified via Simulink simulation.展开更多
Viscous dampers are widely used as passive energy dissipation devices for long-span cable-stayed bridges for mitigation of seismic load-induced vibrations.However,complicated finite element(FE)modeling,together with r...Viscous dampers are widely used as passive energy dissipation devices for long-span cable-stayed bridges for mitigation of seismic load-induced vibrations.However,complicated finite element(FE)modeling,together with repetitive and computationally intensive nonlinear time-history analyses(NTHAs)are generally required in conventional design methods.To streamline the preliminary design process,this paper developed a simplified longitudinal double degree of freedom model(DDFM)for single and symmetric twin-tower cable-stayed bridges.Based on the proposed simplified longitudinal DDFM,the analytical equations for the relevant mass-and stiffness-related parameters and longitudinal natural frequencies of the structure were derived by using analytical and energy methods.Modeling of the relationship between the nonlinear viscous damper parameters and the equivalent damping ratio was achieved through the equivalent linearization method.Additionally,the analytical equations of longitudinal seismic responses for long-span cable-stayed bridges with nonlinear viscous dampers were derived.Based on the developed simplified DDFM and suggested analytical equations,this paper proposed a simplified calculation framework to achieve a simplified design method of nonlinear viscous damper parameters.Moreover,the effectiveness and applicability of the developed simplified longitudinal DDFM and the proposed calculation framework were further validated through numerical analysis of a practical cable-stayed bridge.Finally,the results indicated the following.1)For the obtained fundamental period and longitudinal stiffness,the differences between results of the simplified longitudinal DDFM and numerical analysis were only 2.05%and 1.5%,respectively.2)Relative calculation errors of the longitudinal girder-end displacement and bending moment of the bottom tower section of the bridge obtained from the simplified longitudinal DDFM were limited to less than 25%.3)The equivalent damping ratio of nonlinear viscous dampers and the applied loading frequency had significant effects on the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge.Findings of this study may provide beneficial information for a design office to make a simplified preliminary design scheme to determine the appropriate nonlinear damper parameters and longitudinal seismic responses for long-span cable-stayed bridges.展开更多
Poly (C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which acts as an RNA binding protein, has multiple functions and regulates gene expression by binding to polycytosine, poly (C). The aim of the present study was to investigate the ...Poly (C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which acts as an RNA binding protein, has multiple functions and regulates gene expression by binding to polycytosine, poly (C). The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel function of PCBP1 in the nervous system microenvironmen. The overexpression of PCBP1 has a critical effect on the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of neuroblastoma and glial cells in the direct model, whereas the overexpression of PCBP1 in neuroblastoma or glial cells cannot affect the proliferation or apoptosis of neuroblastoma or glial cells through substances secreted extracellularly. Fur-thermore, through direct or indirect actions, PCBP1 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10;addi-tionally, PCBP1 changed the expression of functional proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The results suggest that PCBP1 can regulate the nervous system in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory re-sponse and expression of relevant functional proteins, and it could provide novel targets for gene treating human neurological disorders.展开更多
基金We thank Prof.Liang Chen for insightful input and valuable scientific suggestions,Prof.Dr Xinchao Wang,Lu Wang and Yuchun Wang for kindly supplying experimental materials,Xiwang Li and Jianying Jin for looking after the insects and plants.This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272053,31901898)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2023PT03,1610212019001)the Elite Youth Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Meng Ye.
文摘Protease inhibitors promote herbivore resistance in diverse plant species.Although many inducible protease inhibitors have been identified,there are limited reports available on the biological relevance and molecular basis of constitutive protease inhibitors in herbivore resistance.Here,we identified a serine protease inhibitor,CsSERPIN1,from the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).Expression of CsSERPIN1 was not strongly affected by the assessed biotic and abiotic stresses.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CsSERPIN1 strongly inhibited the activities of digestive protease activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin.Transient or heterologous expression of CsSERPIN1 significantly reduced herbivory by two destructive herbivores,the tea geometrid and fall armyworm,in tea and Arabidopsis plants,respectively.The expression of CsSERPIN1 in Arabidopsis did not negatively influence the growth of the plants under the measured parameters.Our findings suggest that CsSERPIN1 can inactivate gut digestive proteases and suppress the growth and development of herbivores,making it a promising candidate for pest prevention in agriculture.
基金supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61503348the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2015CFA010the 111 project under Grant B17040
文摘When the wind speed changes significantly in a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system,the maximum power point cannot be easily determined in a timely manner.This study proposes a maximum power reference signal search method based on fuzzy control,which is an improvement to the climbing search method.A neural network-based parameter regulator is proposed to address external wind speed fluctuations,where the parameters of a proportional-integral controller is adjusted to accurately monitor the maximum power point under different wind speed conditions.Finally,the effectiveness of this method is verified via Simulink simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51978257 and 52278176)。
文摘Viscous dampers are widely used as passive energy dissipation devices for long-span cable-stayed bridges for mitigation of seismic load-induced vibrations.However,complicated finite element(FE)modeling,together with repetitive and computationally intensive nonlinear time-history analyses(NTHAs)are generally required in conventional design methods.To streamline the preliminary design process,this paper developed a simplified longitudinal double degree of freedom model(DDFM)for single and symmetric twin-tower cable-stayed bridges.Based on the proposed simplified longitudinal DDFM,the analytical equations for the relevant mass-and stiffness-related parameters and longitudinal natural frequencies of the structure were derived by using analytical and energy methods.Modeling of the relationship between the nonlinear viscous damper parameters and the equivalent damping ratio was achieved through the equivalent linearization method.Additionally,the analytical equations of longitudinal seismic responses for long-span cable-stayed bridges with nonlinear viscous dampers were derived.Based on the developed simplified DDFM and suggested analytical equations,this paper proposed a simplified calculation framework to achieve a simplified design method of nonlinear viscous damper parameters.Moreover,the effectiveness and applicability of the developed simplified longitudinal DDFM and the proposed calculation framework were further validated through numerical analysis of a practical cable-stayed bridge.Finally,the results indicated the following.1)For the obtained fundamental period and longitudinal stiffness,the differences between results of the simplified longitudinal DDFM and numerical analysis were only 2.05%and 1.5%,respectively.2)Relative calculation errors of the longitudinal girder-end displacement and bending moment of the bottom tower section of the bridge obtained from the simplified longitudinal DDFM were limited to less than 25%.3)The equivalent damping ratio of nonlinear viscous dampers and the applied loading frequency had significant effects on the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge.Findings of this study may provide beneficial information for a design office to make a simplified preliminary design scheme to determine the appropriate nonlinear damper parameters and longitudinal seismic responses for long-span cable-stayed bridges.
文摘Poly (C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which acts as an RNA binding protein, has multiple functions and regulates gene expression by binding to polycytosine, poly (C). The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel function of PCBP1 in the nervous system microenvironmen. The overexpression of PCBP1 has a critical effect on the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of neuroblastoma and glial cells in the direct model, whereas the overexpression of PCBP1 in neuroblastoma or glial cells cannot affect the proliferation or apoptosis of neuroblastoma or glial cells through substances secreted extracellularly. Fur-thermore, through direct or indirect actions, PCBP1 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10;addi-tionally, PCBP1 changed the expression of functional proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The results suggest that PCBP1 can regulate the nervous system in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory re-sponse and expression of relevant functional proteins, and it could provide novel targets for gene treating human neurological disorders.
