Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on alcoholdependent patients:an observation with the WeChat platform

Background With the continuous improvement of people's material living standards,the consumption of alcoholic beverages is increasing.Alcohol dependence caused by alcohol addiction has become a widespread concern in society.As the brand-new medical and health model created by the modern biomedical technology revolution and the information technology revolution,mobile health has been used more and more widely in the field of medical health with the characteristics of convenience,rapidity and generalisability.With the general use of the social software WeChat,it is feasible to implement mobile health on the WeChat platform.Aim We aimed to explore the clinical effect of WeChat platform used in the cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)on the maintenance period of alcohol dependence and addiction.Methods Seventy alcohol-dependent patients in the withdrawal maintenance stage admitted into our hospital were randomly divided into the CBT on WeChat platform group(the experiment group,n=35)and the general clinical treatment using sertraline group(the control group,n=35)with block randomisation grouping.They were evaluated with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire(SADQ-C)before the treatment,at the end of the fourth week,at the end of the eighth week and at the end of the twelfth week of treatment.In addition,Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were employed to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression of the two groups.Results The SADQ-C,SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after treatment decreased markedly compared with those before treatments,and the differences were statistically significant.Between-group comparison:the SADQ-C scores of the experiment group at the end of the fourth,eighth and twelfth weeks were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant,which indicated that the score reduction in the experiment group was larger than that in the control group.The SAS and SDS scores of the experiment group at these time points were not significantly different from those of the control group,which indicated that these two treatment methods were comparable in treating patients1 anxiety and depression.Conclusion The CBT in tervention using WeChat may improve the subjectively reported severity of alcohol dependence of patients who had completed detoxification.It is conducive to prevention of relapse,and is convenient for patients.It is worthy of clinical application and further study.

Protective effect of curcumin on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus A relationship to the inhibition of neuronal Ca^(2+) influx

BACKGROUND： Previous studies of curcumin have focused mainly on its cytotoxic properties for antitumor therapy. There are few studies addressing the application of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. OBJECTIVE： To observe the protective effect of curcumin against tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus and to explore the intervention effect of curcumin on Ca^2＋ influx following neuronal damage. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell morphological and physiological study was performed at the Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, China, from December 2006 to June 2007. MATERIALS： Curcumin （Sigma, USA） and TNF-α （Sigma, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were isolated from one-day neonatal rats and primarily cultured for 5 days. Following this they received 1 pmol/L curcumin and 100 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Dynamic morphological changes were observed for 1 hour by inverted microscopy. At 48 hours post-treatment, static morphological characteristics of the neurons were observed using inverted microscopy. Subsequently, hippocampal neurons were primarily cultured for 7 days, after receiving 1 pmol/L curcumJn and 4.5 ng/mL TNF-a pre-treatment. Intracellular free Ca^2＋ was measured using Fluo 3/acetoxymethyl ester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effects of curcumin on TNF-a-induced neuronal damage and Ca^2＋ influx in the rat hippocampus were measured. RESULTS： Following curcumin treatment, TNF-a-induced neurons grew as normal. TNF-a induced a rapid Ca^2＋ influx into the neuronal cytoplasm; however, Ca2＋ fluorescence intensity only slightly increased when neurons were co-perfused with curcumin and TNF-α. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has a protective effect on rat hippocampal neurons possibly by reducing the TNF-α-induced rapid Ca^2＋ influx into neuronal cytoplasm and by maintaining the Ca^2＋ homeostasis.

A Mechanoelectrical Coupling Model of Neurons under Stretching

Introduction Neurons are situated in a microenvironment composed of various biochemical and biophysical cues,where stretching is thought to have a major impact on neurons.For instance,during a moderate traumatic brain impact,the injury region in axons exhibits significant longitudinal strain;and in a rat model of spinal cord injury,the most severe axonal injury is located in the largest strain region.Stretching may result in microstructural changes in neural tissue and further leading to abnormal electrophysiological function.Hence,it is of great importance to understand the coupled mechanoelectricalbehaviors of neurons under stretching.In spite of significant experimental efforts,the underlying mechanism remains elusive,more works are needed to provide a detailed description of the process that leads to the observed phenomena.Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool that offers a quantitative description of the underlying mechanism of an observed biological phenomenon,including mechanical and electrophysiological behaviors of neurons.Thus,we developed a mechanoelectrical coupling model of neurons under stretching in this study.Mathematical model The mathematical model consists of three submodels,i.e.,the mechanical submodel,the mechanoelectrical coupling submodel and the electrophysiological submodel.The mechanical submodel deals with the relationship between stretching and the deformation of axons,which has specially considered the plastic deformation of axons.The electrophysiological submodel characterizes the feature of neuronal action potential(AP),which is based on the classical H-H model and the cable theory.The mechanoelectrical coupling submodel links the mechanical and electrophysiological submodels through strain-induced equivalent circuit parameter alteration and ion channel injury.Besides,we have discussed a more general deformation condition,where an expanded model coupling the axonal deformation and electrophysiology alteration was explored.As the most essential parameters in an electrophysiological assessment,the amplitude of the AP,the neuronal firing frequency and the electrophysiological signal conduction velocity,which could be affected by stretching,were used as outputs of the model.Results&discussion To understand the mechanoelectrical coupling of neurons under stretching,we developed a mechanoelectrical coupling model.To verify the model,we simulated a slow stretching on an axon following the experimental study in the literature,we observed that as the strain increases,the peak AP declines faster,which is consistent with the experimental data.Moreover,the reduced AP cannot be restored to the original peak,implying that the damage is irreversible.The simulation results also predict that strain induces a more frequent neuronal firing and a faster conduction.In a realistic situation,in addition to stretching,the loading condition is very complicated,which may induce complex axonal deformation(e.g., necking and swelling along the axons).We also simulated such necking deformation impairment and observed that the AP amplitude decreases at the necking region and recovers after that,indicating a blockage of the AP;and the conduction velocity decreases with the increase in deformation degree.Conclusions In this study,we developed a mechanoelectrical coupling model of neurons under stretching with consideration of axonal plastic deformation.With the model,we found that the effect of mechanical loading on electrophysiology mainly manifests as decreased membrane AP amplitude,a more frequent neuronal firing and a faster electrophysiological signal conduction.The model predicts not only stretch-induced injury but also a more gene ral necking deformation case,which may someday be revealed in future by experiments,providing a reference for the prediction and regulation of neuronal function under mechanical loadings.

Artificial neural network algorithm for pulse shape discrimination in 2πα and 2πβ particle surface emission rate measurements

To enhance the accuracy of 2πα and 2πβ particle surface emission rate measurements and address the identification issues of nuclides in conventional methods, this study introduces two artificial neural network(ANN) algorithms: back-propagation(BP) and genetic algorithm-based back-propagation(GA-BP). These algorithms classify pulse signals from distinct α and β particles. Their discrimination efficacy is assessed by simulating standard pulse signals and those produced by contaminated sources, mixing α and β particles within the detector. This study initially showcases energy spectrum measurement outcomes, subsequently tests the ANNs on the measurement and validation datasets, and contrasts the pulse shape discrimination efficacy of both algorithms. Experimental findings reveal that the proportional counter's energy resolution is not ideal, thus rendering energy analysis insufficient for distinguishing between 2πα and 2πβ particles. The BP neural network realizes approximately 99% accuracy for 2πα particles and approximately 95% for 2πβ particles, thus surpassing the GA-BP's performance. Additionally, the results suggest enhancing β particle discrimination accuracy by increasing the digital acquisition card's threshold lower limit. This study offers an advanced solution for the 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rate measurement method, presenting superior adaptability and scalability over conventional techniques.

Robust beamforming for IRS-aided SWIPT in cognitive radio networks

Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)is widely recognized as a promising technique to enhance the system perfor-mance,and thus is a hot research topic in future wireless communications.In this context,this paper proposes a robust BF scheme to improve the spectrum and energy harvesting efficiencies for the IRS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)in a cognitive radio network(CRN).Here,the base station(BS)utilizes spectrum assigned to the primary users(PUs)to simultaneously serve multiple energy receivers(ERs)and information receivers(IRs)through IRS-aided multicast technology.In particular,by assuming that only the imperfect channel state information(CSI)is available,we first formulate a constrained problem to maximize the minimal achievable rate of IRs,while satisfying the harvesting energy threshold of ERs,the quality-of-service requirement of IRs,the interference threshold of PUs and transmit power budget of BS.To address the non-convex problem,we then adopt triangle inequality to deal with the channel uncertainty,and propose a low-complexity algorithm combining alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)with alternating optimi-zation(AO)to jointly optimize the active and passive beamformers for the BS and IRS,respectively.Finally,our simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed BF scheme and also provide useful insights into the importance of introducing IRS into the CRN with SWIPT.

SYNTHESIS OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE ALKYLOXY BIPHENYL METHACRYLATES

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of a series of alkyloxy biphenyls were described.These includes 4-alkyloxy-4 -hydroxy biphenyls,p-alkyloxy biphenyl meth acrylytes,and the polymer of p-ethoxy biphenyl meth acrylate (PEBPMA).The effects of reaction conditions on the yields of products were investigated.The liquid crystalline behaviour of the products was characterized by DSC, polarizing microscopy..It was found that the PEBPMA showed smectic phase.

ESR Signal Intensity and Crystallinity of Quartz from Three Major Asian Dust Sources: Implication for Tracing the Provenances of Eolian Dust

We measured Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) signal intensity and Crystallinity Index(CI) of fine-(<16 m) and coarse-grained(>16 m) quartz in surface samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in western China, the Badain Juran, Tengger and Mu Us deserts in northern China, and the Gobi desert in southern Mongolia. The aim was to test if these two parameters can be used as the accurate provenance tracers of Asian dust. Coarse-grained quartz displays spatial variability of the ESR signal intensity within each desert and of the CI within the Taklimakan and the Mongolian Gobi deserts. Coarse-grained quartz derived from the Mongolian Gobi and northern China deserts can be differentiated from the Taklimakan desert using the ESR signal intensity. By contrast, variability of ESR signal intensity and CI of fine-grained quartz particles is distinct within the Taklimakan and the Mongolian Gobi deserts, but less significant in three deserts of northern China. Spatially, fine-grained dust originating from three major Asian dust sources(i.e., the Gobi-sandy deserts in western China, northern China and southern Mongolia) can be differentiated using the combination of the ESR and CI signals. Our results suggest that combination of the ESR and CI results can discriminate the sources of fine-grained dust better than coarse-grained dust, providing an effective approach to trace the provenance of fine-grained dust depositions on the land and in the ocean.

Early adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma component arising in the gastroesophageal junction: A case report

BACKGROUND Early adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)component arising in the gastroesophageal junctional(GEJ)region is rare and even rarer in young patients.Here,we report such a case in a 29-year-old Chinese man.CASE SUMMARY This patient presented to our hospital with a 3-mo history of dysphagia and regurgitation.Upper endoscopy revealed an elevated nodule in the distal esophagus 1.6 cm above the GEJ line,without Barrett’s esophagus or involvement of the gastric cardia.The nodule was completely resected by endoscopic submu-cosal dissection(ESD).Pathological examination confirmed diagnosis of intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma mixed with an NEC component,measuring 1.5 cm.Immunohistochemically,both adenocarcinoma and NEC components were positive for P53 with a Ki67 index of 90%;NEC was positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin.Next-generation sequencing of 196 genes demonstrated a novel germline mutation of the ERCC3 gene in the DNA repair pathway and a germline mutation of the RNF43 gene,a common gastric cancer driver gene,in addition to pathogenic somatic mutations in P53 and CHEK2 genes.The patient was alive without evidence of the disease 36 mo after ESD.CONCLUSION Early adenocarcinoma with an NEC component arising in the distal esophageal side of the GEJ region showed evidence of gastric origin.

Monte Carlo method for evaluation of surface emission rate measurement uncertainty

The aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rates using the windowless multiwire proportional counter method.This study used the Monte Carlo method (MCM) to validate the conventional Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) method.A dead time measurement model for the two-source method was established based on the characteristics of a single-channel measurement system,and the voltage threshold correction factor measurement function was indirectly obtained by fitting the threshold correction curve.The uncertainty in the surface emission rate was calculated using the GUM method and the law of propagation of uncertainty.The MCM provided clear definitions for each input quantity and its uncertainty distribution,and the simulation training was realized with a complete and complex mathematical model.The results of the surface emission rate uncertainty evaluation for four radioactive plane sources using both methods showed the uncertainty’s consistency E_(n)<0.070 for the comparison of each source,and the uncertainty results of the GUM were all lower than those of the MCM.However,the MCM has a more objective evaluation process and can serve as a validation tool for GUM results.

Hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid to alkanes over Ni/activated carbon catalyst

To produce paraffin from hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid,model compound of bio-oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)of microalgae has been an attractive focus in recent years.In order to avoid energy-intensive separation process of water and bio-oil,it is of importance that deoxygenation upgrading of fatty acids under hydrothermal conditions similar to HTL process.Herein,it is the first time to explore the application of activated carbon(AC)-supported non-noble-metal catalysts,such as Ni,Co,and Mo,and so on,in the hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of long-chain fatty acids,and the obtained Ni/AC-H(the Ni/AC was further H_(2)pre-reduced)is one of the best catalysts.In addition,it is found that the catalytic activity can be further improved by H_(2)pre-reduction of catalyst.Characterization results that are more low valences of nickel and oxygen vacancy can be obtained after H_(2)pre-reduction,thus significant promoting the deoxygenation especially the decarbonylation pathway of fatty acids.The total alkanes yield can reaches 95.9%at optimal conditions(280℃,360 min).This work confirmed that the low-priced AC-supported non-noble-metal catalysts have great potential compared with the noble-metal catalyst,in hydrothermal upgrading of bio-oil.

Temporal lobe malacia as a rare cause of gelastic seizure:A case report

BACKGROUND Gelastic seizure(GS)is a rare type of epilepsy that most commonly appears in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma.It is rarely associated with other types of brain damage.This particular type of epilepsy is relatively rare and has few links to other brain lesions.Temporal lobe malacia is mostly caused by cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage,which can lead to seizures.We report a case of GS in a woman with temporal lobe malacia which was reported for the first time in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old female,diagnosed case of GS,presented with repetitive stereotyped laughter a month prior to presentation,happening multiple times daily and with each time lasting for 5-15s.Electroencephalogram displayed a focal seizure seen in the right temporal region.Magnetic resonance imaging head with contrast showed a right temporal lobe malacia.The patient was started on levetiracetam daily.The patient indicated that they had fully recovered and were not experiencing any recurrent or stereotyped laughter during their daily routines.These results remained consistent even after a one-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION GS can be caused by temporal lobe malacia,which is an uncommon but potentially grave condition.The outcome of this present case exhibited the importance of the temporal lobe in the genesis of GS.

基于特征选择和GA-BP神经网络的多源遥感农田土壤水分反演

土壤水分是影响水文、生态和气候等环境过程的重要参数,而微波遥感是农田地表土壤水分测量的重要手段之一。针对微波遥感反演农田地表土壤水分受植被覆盖影响较大的问题,该研究提出了一种基于特征选择和GA-BP神经网络(Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation neural network)的多源遥感农田地表土壤水分反演方法。首先对Sentinel-1微波遥感数据和Sentinel-2光学遥感数据进行预处理并提取21个特征参数;然后采用差分进化特征选择(Differential Evolution Feature Selection,DEFS)算法从21个特征中选出包含10个参数的最优特征子集,并利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)法将特征子集进行降维;之后建立BP神经网络,采用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对BP网络的节点权值进行优化,使用降维后的特征矩阵和部分实测土壤含水量数据对BP网络进行训练;最后利用训练好的GA-BP网络对研究区土壤水分进行反演,并利用实测数据对反演结果精度进行对比验证。试验结果表明,该研究反演结果的决定系数为0.7893,均方根误差为0.0287 cm^(3)/cm^(3),相比单纯使用GA-BP神经网络,加入DEFS和PCA之后决定系数提高了0.2157,同时均方根误差降低了0.0295 cm^(3)/cm^(3)。该结果展示了DEFS和PCA算法在土壤水分反演最优特征集选择的有效性,为多源遥感农田地表土壤水分反演提供了新思路。

基于多源雷达遥感技术的黄河径流反演研究

黄河是我国华北地区重要的水资源,采用雷达遥感方式对其径流进行监测可以便捷地反映出黄河的旱涝变化趋势,具有重要的现实意义。目前,雷达遥感径流反演常用雷达高度计(RA)获取水位信息用以构建水深-径流模型,这种方法忽略了河面变化对径流波动的影响,具有一定的局限性。该文提出一种基于多源雷达遥感技术的径流计算模型(MRRS-RCM),综合应用RA测高技术与合成孔径雷达(SAR)信息提取技术,以曼宁公式为基础,构建MRRS-RCM模型实现径流反演。该文选取黄河下游3个研究站点进行径流反演实验,结果证明MRRSRCM模型径流反演结果的相对均方根误差(RRMSE)达到13.969%,优于传统径流监测15%~20%的精度要求。

Transcriptional Analysis of Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Associated with Host Rice

Pseudomonas stutzeriA1501, associative and endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium showed the capacity of colonization in the rice roots and considered as the good colonizer in the rice plant. The experiment was conducted to study the expression of genes potentiality relevant to the association of nitrogen fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri with host rice and reveal the molecular mechanism by which underlying interaction between bacteria and host rice. The bacteria were shown to be uniformly distributed on the rhizoplane of the root and the density of bacteria was found at the intercellular junction and micro colony developed on the surface of the epidermal cells and on the cellular junctions. Root exudates of rice were the major components of carbon and energy sources for bacteria. RT-PCR analyses of pilK, metE, rpoN and fdhE genes expression of P. stutzeri A1501 were performed at positive and negative (control) conditions. After 1 h, it was found that pilK, metE and rpoN transcription were increased 5.7, 6.4 and 3.4-fold, respectively, whereas in the fdhE gene has no expression. Consequently, after 4 h pilk, fdhE, metE and rpoN were decreased -1.9, -4.4, -0.2 and -0.8-fold, respectively. The gene pilK, expression was up-regulation after 1 h and down-regulation after 4 h that has twitching motility to convey the bacterial cell to point of attachment in to host plant. The gene expressions of the bacteria, pilK, metE, rpoN and fdhE were up- and down-regulated during the influence of root exudates which regulated the colonization of bacteria during plant-microbe interaction.

有机化学与实验课程在线“双练教学”模式的探索与实践

在有机化学与实验在线课程中,采用课前、课后开放式或半开放式小测练,在网络教学平台上探索以练促学的“双练教学”模式。通过“双练教学”,学生的学习状态、自信与积极性得到了改善和提高。同时,教师通过在线学生成绩数据分析、问卷和互动反馈,及时了解和掌握学生的学习状况并适时调整教学内容,在线上教学中取得了良好的效果。

基于低秩汉克尔矩阵重构技术的星载间断调频连续波SAR成像方法

间断调频连续波(IFMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种新型的集轻量化、低成本和低功耗于一体的新型SAR系统。该系统采用单根天线发射和接收信号,颠覆了传统的调频连续波(FMCW) SAR系统设计理念。在该模式下,由于发射机工作时接收机关闭,导致合成孔径中出现周期性的间隔,采用传统成像算法进行成像,在聚焦SAR图像中将会出现周期性的虚假目标。为了有效地抑制虚假目标,该文基于子孔径回波数据,提出一种新的成像算法,即基于子孔径投影的低秩汉克尔矩阵重构技术(LHRTSP)。实验结果表明与现有方法相比,所提方法对虚假目标的抑制效果更佳,验证了所提方法的有效性。

显示器件亮度测量影响因素研究

亮度作为显示器件的关键技术指标之一,其测量结果的准确度易受多种因素影响。本文根据测量的设备、环境、方法及显示器件亮度的空间特性、时间特性、光谱特性等,对显示器件亮度的影响因素进行分析。

基于积累孔径插值技术的星载间断调频连续波SAR成像方法

间断调频连续波(IFMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)模式通过在不同时间间隔内交替发射和接收信号,解决了星载调频连续波(FMCW)SAR必须收发分置的问题。然而,在该模式下,雷达天线会间歇性地工作于发射和接收状态,从而导致回波数据中出现周期性的空缺。为了解决上述问题,该文提出了一种基于积累孔径插值技术的缺失数据迭代自适应成像处理方法(MIAA-AAIT),用于恢复缺失的数据。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效地恢复缺失数据,从而显著提高成像质量,大幅降低由周期性数据缺失引起的虚假目标能量。

基于CEEMD和排列熵的SAR窄带干扰抑制方法

为了有效抑制合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统中常见的窄带干扰(NBI),本文提出一种基于互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)和排列熵(PE)的NBI抑制方法。矩峰度系数法用于检测原始回波中是否存在NBI,对包含NBI的回波使用CEEMD将其分解为一系列本征模态函数(IMF)。计算所有IMF排列熵得到全局阈值以区分NBI和有用信号,并使用去除NBI后的IMF分量重建信号以获得良好聚焦的SAR图像。结果表明:所提方法能有效克服经验模态分解(EMD)带来的模态混叠问题,且干扰抑制性能优于传统频域陷波法及基于EMD的NBI抑制方法。

一体化教学体系在有机化学实验课程中的实践

本文主要介绍有机化学实验课程中“教、学、实践”一体化教学体系的构建,并探讨该一体化教学体系有效服务于“教师教学”和“学生学习”两个中心的实践运用。