Consumption pattern of beta carotene rich foods from 500 households of Coimbatore district was elicited. Through market surveys in four seasons namely: summer, south-west monsoon, north-east monsoon and winter, a year...Consumption pattern of beta carotene rich foods from 500 households of Coimbatore district was elicited. Through market surveys in four seasons namely: summer, south-west monsoon, north-east monsoon and winter, a year calendar of beta carotene rich foods was developed. The total and beta carotene contents of five commonly consumed beta carotene rich foods both in raw and cooked states were determined. Results indicated that greens were mainly purchased from market and consumed 2-3 times per week. Cooking loss was maximum in boiling and minimum in shallow fat frying. Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii),amaranth tender (Amaranthus gangeticus), agathi (Sesbania grandopra), and ponnanganni (Alternanthera sessilis) were the carotene rich foods available round the year. Cost of most greens was highest in summer and lowest in north-east monsoon. Within a cost of 13-14 ps in summer, 4-10 ps in south-west monsoon and north-west monsoon and 4-12 ps in winter season, the entire day's requirement of beta carotene (2400μg) could be obtained in the form of agathi/amaranth throughout the year: in the form of drumstick leaves and mint in south-west monsoon; as curry leaves and coriander leaves in winter and as agathi,paruppukeerai and amaranth in summer. From this year calendar, according to seasonal availability and cost, low-cost high carotene foods can be selected and used for increasing the beta carotene intake in the intervention programmes and in the community展开更多
Heavy duty diesel vehicles compliant with current Euro VI/EPA13 emission limits employ aftertreatment systems based on DOC/DPF technology for soot and particulate matter reduction and SCR catalysts with urea dosing fo...Heavy duty diesel vehicles compliant with current Euro VI/EPA13 emission limits employ aftertreatment systems based on DOC/DPF technology for soot and particulate matter reduction and SCR catalysts with urea dosing for NO x reduction. Traditionally, the majority of the control systems used for urea dosing are map based. However, increasing system complexity combined with real-world performance requirements are a strong motivation to switch to a model-based control approach. Firstly, this article describes a model-based design approach for aftertreatment control development. Focus is on urea dosing control for Euro VI level SCR systems. To achieve the legal emissions limits, including in-service conformity over the vehicle lifetime, advanced model-based control strategies enable maximal NO x conversion in combination with minimum ammonia slip, while ensuring robustness against real-life disturbances. Simulation and experimental results of the control system are presented, which demonstrate the performance and robustness properties. Following this model-based approach, a concept study is performed to explore aftertreatment and control technologies to achieve ultra-low NO x emissions as will be imposed by regulatory bodies in the near future. It is shown that aftertreatment concepts with Passive NO x Adsorber and SCR on DPF are most promising. To optimize overall engine-aftertreatment performance, the modelbased control approach is extended towards Integrated Emission Management(IEM). Based on the actual system state, this supervisory controller minimizes operating costs at each instant in time under all operating conditions. This is key for costoptimal and robust performance.展开更多
国际新媒体联盟(New Media Consortium,简称NMC)所发布的年度地平线报告已经成为全球范围内教育信息化发展的显示器与风向标。2012年10月,北京开放大学与美国新媒体联盟签署协议,授权北京开放大学作为其在中国发行其年度报告中文版的唯...国际新媒体联盟(New Media Consortium,简称NMC)所发布的年度地平线报告已经成为全球范围内教育信息化发展的显示器与风向标。2012年10月,北京开放大学与美国新媒体联盟签署协议,授权北京开放大学作为其在中国发行其年度报告中文版的唯一官方机构。本期学报正式刊出的2013年度地平线报告显示,未来五年内影响高等教育的六大技术为:大规模开放网络课程、平板电脑、游戏和游戏化、学习分析技术、3D打印技术、可穿戴技术。这些新技术对于我们生活中的沟通交流、获取信息、社会交往、日常学习等方面正在产生重大而深远的影响。希望本报告能够有助于国内同行及时了解国际范围内教育信息化的发展趋势、新技术应用,为促进信息技术更有效地提高教学质量服务提供有益借鉴。新媒体联盟总裁莱瑞博士(Larry Johnson)专门写信祝贺2013年度地平线报告(中文版)刊出:"北京开放大学与新媒体联盟的合作已使成千上万的中国教育界同行有机会围绕教育技术及其在大学和中小学课堂应用问题参与全球对话。北京开放大学以其在教育技术、在线学习的实践探索及开展的国际合作等方面取得的业绩成为国际地平线项目有价值的合作者。你们为地平线专题研究做出了贡献,还承担了地平线报告(中文版)的翻译出版。借助你们的帮助,许多国外同行开始了解信息技术如何在中国这一人口大国的大学和中小学得到应用;同时,也使中国教育界了解世界各国同行正在开展的信息化实践探索。"展开更多
文摘Consumption pattern of beta carotene rich foods from 500 households of Coimbatore district was elicited. Through market surveys in four seasons namely: summer, south-west monsoon, north-east monsoon and winter, a year calendar of beta carotene rich foods was developed. The total and beta carotene contents of five commonly consumed beta carotene rich foods both in raw and cooked states were determined. Results indicated that greens were mainly purchased from market and consumed 2-3 times per week. Cooking loss was maximum in boiling and minimum in shallow fat frying. Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii),amaranth tender (Amaranthus gangeticus), agathi (Sesbania grandopra), and ponnanganni (Alternanthera sessilis) were the carotene rich foods available round the year. Cost of most greens was highest in summer and lowest in north-east monsoon. Within a cost of 13-14 ps in summer, 4-10 ps in south-west monsoon and north-west monsoon and 4-12 ps in winter season, the entire day's requirement of beta carotene (2400μg) could be obtained in the form of agathi/amaranth throughout the year: in the form of drumstick leaves and mint in south-west monsoon; as curry leaves and coriander leaves in winter and as agathi,paruppukeerai and amaranth in summer. From this year calendar, according to seasonal availability and cost, low-cost high carotene foods can be selected and used for increasing the beta carotene intake in the intervention programmes and in the community
文摘Heavy duty diesel vehicles compliant with current Euro VI/EPA13 emission limits employ aftertreatment systems based on DOC/DPF technology for soot and particulate matter reduction and SCR catalysts with urea dosing for NO x reduction. Traditionally, the majority of the control systems used for urea dosing are map based. However, increasing system complexity combined with real-world performance requirements are a strong motivation to switch to a model-based control approach. Firstly, this article describes a model-based design approach for aftertreatment control development. Focus is on urea dosing control for Euro VI level SCR systems. To achieve the legal emissions limits, including in-service conformity over the vehicle lifetime, advanced model-based control strategies enable maximal NO x conversion in combination with minimum ammonia slip, while ensuring robustness against real-life disturbances. Simulation and experimental results of the control system are presented, which demonstrate the performance and robustness properties. Following this model-based approach, a concept study is performed to explore aftertreatment and control technologies to achieve ultra-low NO x emissions as will be imposed by regulatory bodies in the near future. It is shown that aftertreatment concepts with Passive NO x Adsorber and SCR on DPF are most promising. To optimize overall engine-aftertreatment performance, the modelbased control approach is extended towards Integrated Emission Management(IEM). Based on the actual system state, this supervisory controller minimizes operating costs at each instant in time under all operating conditions. This is key for costoptimal and robust performance.
文摘国际新媒体联盟(New Media Consortium,简称NMC)所发布的年度地平线报告已经成为全球范围内教育信息化发展的显示器与风向标。2012年10月,北京开放大学与美国新媒体联盟签署协议,授权北京开放大学作为其在中国发行其年度报告中文版的唯一官方机构。本期学报正式刊出的2013年度地平线报告显示,未来五年内影响高等教育的六大技术为:大规模开放网络课程、平板电脑、游戏和游戏化、学习分析技术、3D打印技术、可穿戴技术。这些新技术对于我们生活中的沟通交流、获取信息、社会交往、日常学习等方面正在产生重大而深远的影响。希望本报告能够有助于国内同行及时了解国际范围内教育信息化的发展趋势、新技术应用,为促进信息技术更有效地提高教学质量服务提供有益借鉴。新媒体联盟总裁莱瑞博士(Larry Johnson)专门写信祝贺2013年度地平线报告(中文版)刊出:"北京开放大学与新媒体联盟的合作已使成千上万的中国教育界同行有机会围绕教育技术及其在大学和中小学课堂应用问题参与全球对话。北京开放大学以其在教育技术、在线学习的实践探索及开展的国际合作等方面取得的业绩成为国际地平线项目有价值的合作者。你们为地平线专题研究做出了贡献,还承担了地平线报告(中文版)的翻译出版。借助你们的帮助,许多国外同行开始了解信息技术如何在中国这一人口大国的大学和中小学得到应用;同时,也使中国教育界了解世界各国同行正在开展的信息化实践探索。"
