Gastric cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor of the digestive system,which seriously threatens human health.The benefit of surgical treatment is limited.The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not sign...Gastric cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor of the digestive system,which seriously threatens human health.The benefit of surgical treatment is limited.The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not significant,and the toxic and side effects are large.Although the diagnosis and treatment modes of molecular targeting and multidisciplinary cooperation have also been further developed and applied,a relatively unified comprehensive treatment standard scheme has not been formed.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as complementary and alternative medicine,has unique advantages in the development of diagnosis and treatment of diseases in China.Therefore,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine formed“Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”on the basis of clinical practice and experience.In this article,the consensus is interpreted from the perspective of nursing,focusing on the pathogenesis,high‑risk factors,characteristic therapies of TCM,and nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for gastric cancer,to provide a reference for front‑line medical personnel in the roots in the future nursing care of gastric cancer.展开更多
Because the inhibition of Nogo proteins can promote neurite growth and nerve cell differentiation, a cell-scaffold complex seeded with Nogo receptor (NgR)-silenced neural stem cells and Schwann cells may be able to ...Because the inhibition of Nogo proteins can promote neurite growth and nerve cell differentiation, a cell-scaffold complex seeded with Nogo receptor (NgR)-silenced neural stem cells and Schwann cells may be able to improve the microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair. Previous studies have found that mild hypothermia helps to attenuate secondary damage in the spinal cord and exerts a neuroprotective effect. Here, we constructed a cell-scaffold complex consisting of a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold seeded with NgR-silenced neural stem cells and Schwann cells, and determined the effects of mild hypothermia combined with the cell-scaffold complexes on the spinal cord hemi-transection injury in the T9 segment in rats. Compared with the PLGA group and the NgR-silencing cells + PLGA group, hindlimb motor function and nerve electrophysiological function were dearly improved, pathological changes in the injured spinal cord were attenuated, and the number of surviving cells and nerve fibers were increased in the group treated with the NgR-silenced cell scaffold + mild hypothermia at 34℃ for 6 hours. Furthermore, fewer pathological changes to the injured spinal cord and more surviving cells and nerve fibers were found after mild hypothermia therapy than in injuries not treated with mild hypothermia. These experimental results indicate that mild hypothermia combined with NgR gene-silenced cells in a PLGA scaffold may be an effective therapy for treating spinal cord injury.展开更多
AIM: To explore the association of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated neoplasia. METHODS: NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples of col...AIM: To explore the association of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated neoplasia. METHODS: NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples of colonic mucosa with IBD colitis, colitis-associated raised low-grade dysplasia (LGD) including dysplasia-associated lesions or masses (DALMs, n = 18) and adenoma-like dysplastic polyps (ALDPs, n = 4), colitis-associated high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 11) and colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CACRC, n = 13), sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyp (SAP, n = 17), and sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC, n = 12). The immunoreactivity of NTSR1 was semiquantitated (as negative, 1+, 2+, and 3+) and compared among different conditions.RESULTS: NTSR1 was not detected in normal mucosa but was expressed similarly in both active and inactive colitis. LGD showed a significantly stronger expression as compared with non-dysplastic colitic mucosa, with significantly more cases showing > 2+ intensity (68.75% in LGD vs 32.26% in nondysplastic mucosa, P = 0.001). However, no significant difference existed between DALMs and ALDPs. CACRC and HGD showed a further stronger expression, with significantly more cases showing 3+ intensity than that in LGD (61.54% vs 12.50% for CACRC vs LGD, P = 0.022; 58.33% vs 12.50% for CACRC/HGD vs LGD, P = 0.015). No significant difference existed between colitis-associated and non-colitic sporadic neoplasia. CONCLUSION: NTSR1 in colonic epithelial cells is overexpressed in IBD, in a stepwise fashion with sequential progress from inflammation to dysplasia and carcinoma.展开更多
A thermodynamic model Mg x(Xs,Mg)6(Xl,Mg)8(Xs and Xl are elements smaller and larger than Mg)for long-period stacking ordered phases(LPSOs)was proposed based on two key factors:the Xs 6 Xl 8-type L12 clusters and the ...A thermodynamic model Mg x(Xs,Mg)6(Xl,Mg)8(Xs and Xl are elements smaller and larger than Mg)for long-period stacking ordered phases(LPSOs)was proposed based on two key factors:the Xs 6 Xl 8-type L12 clusters and the variation of chemical compositions.In general,all available LPSOs can be described with this model.As a representative system,Mg-Y-Zn with three LPSOs was investigated using the CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram)approach aided with first-principles calculations.Two new three-phase equilibria were predicted and were validated by key experiments.The model-based descriptions will be the basis for the research and development of magnesium alloys.展开更多
BACKGROUND: With developments of tissue engineering and genetic engineering, we aim to culture myoblasts, which are characterized by high purity, high quality and high production, for wide application in neural regen...BACKGROUND: With developments of tissue engineering and genetic engineering, we aim to culture myoblasts, which are characterized by high purity, high quality and high production, for wide application in neural regeneration researches. OBJECTIVE: To modify traditional dissociation method in order to obtain myoblasts, which are characterized by high purity, high quality and high production, and explore the biological properties under in vitro culture. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Basic Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Four neonatal Wistar rats of 5 days old, both genders and mean body mass of 10 g were selected in this study. The main reagents and devices were detailed as follows: DMEM medium (Gibco Company), fetus bovine serum (FBS, Hycolne Company), collagenase Ⅱ (Sigma Company), trypsin (Sigma Company), dispase Ⅱ (Sigma Company), desmin antibody (Fuzhou Maixin Company), antibody Ⅱ and ABC kit (Wuhan Baster Biotechnology Company), desk centrifuge (KUBATO, Japan), and inverted phase contrast microscope (LEICA DMIRB, Germany). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Basic Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA from June to October 2006. Neonatal rats were sacrificed under sterile condition to obtain skeletal muscles of limbs, which were washed with cold PBS (containing benzylpenicillin and estreptomicina), and muscular tissue was sheared into pieces. Then, those muscular pieces were added with mixed digestive enzyme (containing 2 g/L collagenase Ⅱ + 5 g/L dispase Ⅱ + 0.28 g/L CaCl2) as twice volume as pieces, dealt with mechanical pipetting for 5 minutes and cultured in CO2 incubator for 10 minutes. The operation was done for three times and the muscular pieces were digested for 45 minutes in total. Moreover, cells were suspended again in order to obtain myoblasts from skeletal muscle of neonatal rats. In addition, myoblasts were purified with differential attachment technique and enzyme digestion so as to observe morphological characteristics and growth, draw growth curve, analyze surface structure under scanning electron microscope, and evaluate with Desmin immunohistochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological characteristics and growth ofmyoblasts cultured in vitro. RESULTS: ①Growth of myoblasts of skeletal muscle: Primary cells had well growth, mature and differentiation. The positive rate of Desmin was 94% and purification of cells was ideal. Growth curve of cells demonstrated that myoblasts which were characterized by high purification started proliferation plentiful through transient growth lag phase (about at one or two days after inoculation). If myoblasts were not dealt with any interventions, they might become sarcotubule gradually at 3 - 5 days after proliferative phase. During this period, myoblasts maintained a monocaryon-bipolarity state under inverted phase contrast microscope. Furthermore, the growth of cells was the strongest and reproductive activity was the most powerful. This suggested that myotube started to form; in addition, muscle fiber of contractility might form under a well culturing condition. ②Immunocytochemical stain with desmin antibody: Interzonal fiber of desmin from myoblasts showed strongly positive reaction. Positive staining existed in cytoplasm had a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. However, myoblasts showed negative or mildly positive reaction. CONCLUSION: It is ideal for modified multi-enzymatic digestion and double purification method to dissociate and purify myoblasts of skeletal muscle; meanwhile, these two methods are both the effective ways to provide convenient conditions to obtain seed cells for neural regeneration researches.展开更多
An overview about one thermodynamic database of multi-component Mg alloys is given in this work.This thermodynamic database includes thermodynamic descriptions for 145 binary systems and 48 ternary systems in 23-compo...An overview about one thermodynamic database of multi-component Mg alloys is given in this work.This thermodynamic database includes thermodynamic descriptions for 145 binary systems and 48 ternary systems in 23-component(Mg–Ag–Al–Ca–Ce–Cu–Fe–Gd–K–La–Li–Mn–Na–Nd–Ni–Pr–Si–Sn–Sr–Th–Y–Zn–Zr)system.First,the major computational and experimental tools to establish the thermodynamic database of Mg alloys are briefly described.Subsequently,among the investigated binary and ternary systems,representative binary and ternary systems are shown to demonstrate the major feature of the database.Finally,application of the thermodynamic database to solidification simulation and selection of heat treatment schedule is described.展开更多
Soil organic carbon has been identified as one of the most important components in soil.Changes in soil organic carbon content will significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentration,which is related to soil fertility...Soil organic carbon has been identified as one of the most important components in soil.Changes in soil organic carbon content will significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentration,which is related to soil fertility,water holding capacity,nutrient cycling,and changes in microbial communities.In recent years,biochar has been proven to be an effective material for increasing carbon storage,and research on the application of biochar in soil ecosystem carbon sequestration and emission reduction functions has received widespread attention.However,due to differences in the specific methods and research objects used in the research process,the current mechanism of the impact of biochar on soil organic carbon is still controversial.This paper mainly revealed the effects of biochar on soil organic carbon from the aspects of the effects of biochar addition on soil aggregates and microorganisms,and also elaborated on the direction worth exploring and objectively evaluated the impact mechanism of biochar on soil organic carbon.展开更多
Design and development of novel electrode materials is one of several hot topics in studying Li ion battery. The CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach enables calculation of stable and metastable phase equil...Design and development of novel electrode materials is one of several hot topics in studying Li ion battery. The CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach enables calculation of stable and metastable phase equilibria,as well as thermodynamic properties for various materials,w hich has been applied to accelerate modern materials design in recent years. The traditional trial-and-error method is being replaced by the integration of CALPHAD with first-principles calculations,as well as empirical methods and key experiments. The CALPHAD approach and first-principles calculations have been proved to be a powerful tool in studying electrode materials, not only for calculation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties,but also for prediction of cell voltages in Li ion batteries,which allows for the design of future electrode materials with improved stability and efficiency. Examples of the cathode systems(Li-O,Li-Co-O and Li-Ni-O) and anode systems(Li-Sb and Li-Sn),which are studied by applying the CALPHAD approach and first-principles calculations,are presented.展开更多
Phase equilibria of the Mg-Sn-Ag system in Mg-rich corner at 320 and 400℃ were experimentally investigated with nine ternary alloys subjected to electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction techniques.No ternar...Phase equilibria of the Mg-Sn-Ag system in Mg-rich corner at 320 and 400℃ were experimentally investigated with nine ternary alloys subjected to electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction techniques.No ternary compounds were observed at both isothermal sections.Two three-phase triangles,i.e.hcp(Mg)+Mg_(2)Sn+Mg_(3)Ag and Mg_(2)Sn+Mg_(3)Ag+MgAg(bcc_B2),were both observed at 320 and 400℃.A new three-phase region of Ag3Sn+Mg2Sn+MgAg(bcc_B2)was additionally observed at 320℃,which implied that the binary phase Ag3Sn has a considerable solubility of Mg in the ternary system at the temperature.And the maximal solubility of Mg in Ag3Sn was measured to be 27.2 at.%.This result is not consistent with the thermodynamic calculated isothermal section at 350℃ from Wang et al.[11]and put forward a new requirement or refinement for the optimization of the Mg-Sn-Ag ternary system.At 400℃,the maximal solubility of Sn in the Mg3Ag phase was determined to be about 3.0 at.%Sn,and the solubility of Ag in Mg2Sn was negligible.The temperature of ternary eutectic reaction at Mg-rich corner(L↔hcp(Mg)+Mg_(54)Ag_(17)+Mg_(2)Sn)was measured by differential scanning calorimetry.The partial isothermal sections in Mg-rich corner of the ternary system at 320 and 400℃ were then constructed based on the above experimental data.展开更多
As one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,colorectal cancer(CRC)is accompanied by a variety of symptoms in the process of disease development and treatment,which seriously affect the functional state and...As one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,colorectal cancer(CRC)is accompanied by a variety of symptoms in the process of disease development and treatment,which seriously affect the functional state and quality of life of patients.In China,comprehensive intervention measures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)play an indispensable role in the treatment and rehabilitation of CRC.In order to further standardize and improve the treatment and management of CRC by medical staff,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the“Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”in August 2021.This paper interprets this consensus in detail from the perspective of nursing,focusing on the common understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC,TCM diagnosis and syndrome differentiation,integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing,TCM characteristic therapies,etc.,with a view to deepening the understanding and practical application of the consensus among clinical doctors and nurses and improving the level of diagnosis,treatment,and nursing of CRC.展开更多
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in China,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays a unique advantage in the treatment and...Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in China,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays a unique advantage in the treatment and rehabilitation of lung cancer.In order to standardize TCM diagnosis and treatment and disease management of clinical medical workers,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the“Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”in August 2021.Experts’recommendations were made on the clinical staging and syndrome differentiation and classification of lung cancer,characteristic TCM therapies,and nursing care of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.This article interpreted the Consensus on the above aspects from a nursing perspective,hoping to provide references for clinical medical workers in the treatment and nursing care of lung cancer.展开更多
Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide with trophic effects on some neoplasms. Its bioactivities are mainly mediated by neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1). Both NT and NTSR1 were found to be upregulated in breast can...Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide with trophic effects on some neoplasms. Its bioactivities are mainly mediated by neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1). Both NT and NTSR1 were found to be upregulated in breast cancer. NT/NTSR1 thus becomes a potential therapeutic target. We studied whether any correlation exists between the expression of NTSR1 in breast carcinomas and the expression of ER, PR, and Her2. A total 85 cases of invasive ductal (62) and lobular (23) breast carcinomas were studied. Based on their ER/PR profiles, the ductal carcinomas (DCs) were subcategorized into ER+/PR+ (21), ER+/PR﹣ (20), and ER﹣/PR﹣ (21). All of the lobular carcinomas (LCs) were ER+/PR+. 21.57% of all DCs and 5.56% of LCs were Her2 positive. 77.78% of ER﹣/PR﹣ DCs were also Her2 negative (triple negative). The expression of NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and was semiquantitated (as negative, 1+, 2+, 3+). Both 2+ and 3+ were collectively defined as overexpression. The expression of NTSR1 was weak and focal in non-neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. It is increased in 74.19% of DCs (80.95% in ER+/PR+, 75% in ER+/PR﹣, and 66.67% in ER﹣/PR﹣ group), and in 95.65% of LCs. The overexpression of NTSR1 is similar between ER+ DCs and ER﹣ DCs (75% vs 66.67%, p > 0.05) as well as between PR+ DCs and PR﹣ DCs (80.95% in ER+/PR+ DCs vs 75% in ER+/PR﹣ DCs, p > 0.05). And it was seen in 77.78% of Her2+ DCs, 78.38% of Her2﹣ DCs, 94.12% of Her2﹣ LCs, and 78.57% of triple negative DCs. Overall, NTSR1 is commonly overexpressed in both ductal and lobular breast carcinomas and is independent of the ER/PR/Her2 profiles of the tumors. The present data supports the potential benefit of developing NTSR1 blockers in the adjuvant therapy of breast carcinomas, particularly for those “triple negative” tumors.展开更多
Background Hepatic inflammation is the major risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the underlying mechanism by which hepatic inflammation progresses to HCC is poorly understood.This study was designed t...Background Hepatic inflammation is the major risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the underlying mechanism by which hepatic inflammation progresses to HCC is poorly understood.This study was designed to investigate the role of ETS translocation variant 4(ETV4)in linking hepatic inflammation to HCC.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect the expression of ETV4 in HCC tissues and cell lines.RNA sequencing and luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the target genes of ETV4.Hepatocyte-specific ETV4-knockout(ETV4fl/fl,alb-cre)and transgenic(ETV4Hep-TG)mice and diethylnitrosamine-carbon tetrachloride(DEN-CCL4)treatment experiments were applied to investigate the function of ETV4 in vivo.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database mining and pathological analysis were carried out to determine the correlation of ETV4 with tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11(MAPK11).Results We revealed that ETV4 was highly expressed in HCC.High levels of ETV4 predicted a poor survival rate of HCC patients.Then we identified ETV4 as a transcription activator of TNF-αand MAPK11.ETV4 was positively correlated with TNF-αand MAPK11 in HCC patients.As expected,an increase in hepatic TNF-αsecretion and macrophage accumulation were observed in the livers of ETV4Hep-TG mice.The protein levels of TNF-α,MAPK11,and CD68 were significantly higher in the livers of ETV4Hep-TG mice compared with wild type mice but lower in ETV4fl/fl,alb-cre mice compared with ETV4fl/fl mice as treated with DEN-CCL4,indicating that ETV4 functioned as a driver of TNF-α/MAPK11 expression and macrophage accumulation during hepatic inflammation.Hepatocyte-specific knockout of ETV4 significantly prevented development of DEN-CCL4-induced HCC,while transgenic expression of ETV4 promoted growth of HCC.Conclusions ETV4 promoted hepatic inflammation and HCC by activating transcription of TNF-αand MAPK11.Both the ETV4/TNF-αand ETV4/MAPK11 axes represented two potential therapeutic targets for highly associated hepatic inflammation and HCC.ETV4+TNF-αwere potential prognostic markers for HCC patients.展开更多
The pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)serves not only as a bicistronic message RNA to translate core protein(Cp)and DNA polymerase(Pol),but also as the template for reverse transcriptional replication of v...The pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)serves not only as a bicistronic message RNA to translate core protein(Cp)and DNA polymerase(Pol),but also as the template for reverse transcriptional replication of viral DNA upon packaging into nucleocapsid.Although it is well known that pgRNA translates much more Cp than Pol,the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Cp and Pol translation efficiency from pgRNA remains elusive.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effec...Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell- astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B (GB), against oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein (Na-F), and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.展开更多
Bovine foamy virus (BFV), a member of the spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses,contains two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) in addition to the genes coding for gag,po/and env. Borf-1 protein, encoded by BFV ORF-...Bovine foamy virus (BFV), a member of the spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses,contains two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) in addition to the genes coding for gag,po/and env. Borf-1 protein, encoded by BFV ORF-1, is identified as a transcriptional transactivator, which augments gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat (LTR).Further investigations in transient expression assays reveal that the Borf-1 responsive elements are located in the U3 domain of the LTR, upstream from position -140 ( + 1 represents the transcription initiation site), and the BFV RU5 region has an inhibitory effect in LTR-directed gene expression.展开更多
Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties including good formability,high strength and high ductility are prior demands for Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys.This study utilizes calculation of phase diagram(CALPHAD)to simplify t...Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties including good formability,high strength and high ductility are prior demands for Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys.This study utilizes calculation of phase diagram(CALPHAD)to simplify the alloy design and meet these demands.Specifically,CALPHAD was used to finely tune the Mg/Si atomic ratio in solid solution and accurately control the type and content of second phases,especially to avoid the formation of the harmful constituent phaseβ-Al Fe Si.Constituents and dispersoids of only-Al Fe Mn Si phase were found in the alloy prepared.An optimized microstructure with fine grains,micro scale constituents,densely distributed submicron scale dispersoids and extremely dense nano precipitates provides effective impediment to dislocation gliding and induces transgranular fracture.Therefore,the designed alloy has better comprehensive mechanical properties than other 6 xxx series aluminum alloys,including excellent formability,strength and ductility.The low T4P strength of 149 MPa as well as the high elongation of 26.1%implies the alloy’s applicability to automobile body panel forming.The yield strength was rapidly improved from 149 MPa to 277 MPa during the paint bake ageing,because the number density of precipitates is twice as high as that of some other 6xxx alloys.Meanwhile,the elongation was kept at a high level of 20.0%.展开更多
文摘Gastric cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor of the digestive system,which seriously threatens human health.The benefit of surgical treatment is limited.The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not significant,and the toxic and side effects are large.Although the diagnosis and treatment modes of molecular targeting and multidisciplinary cooperation have also been further developed and applied,a relatively unified comprehensive treatment standard scheme has not been formed.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as complementary and alternative medicine,has unique advantages in the development of diagnosis and treatment of diseases in China.Therefore,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine formed“Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”on the basis of clinical practice and experience.In this article,the consensus is interpreted from the perspective of nursing,focusing on the pathogenesis,high‑risk factors,characteristic therapies of TCM,and nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for gastric cancer,to provide a reference for front‑line medical personnel in the roots in the future nursing care of gastric cancer.
基金supported by a grant from the Application Basis and Front Technology Projects of Tianjin(Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin),No.12JCYBJC18000
文摘Because the inhibition of Nogo proteins can promote neurite growth and nerve cell differentiation, a cell-scaffold complex seeded with Nogo receptor (NgR)-silenced neural stem cells and Schwann cells may be able to improve the microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair. Previous studies have found that mild hypothermia helps to attenuate secondary damage in the spinal cord and exerts a neuroprotective effect. Here, we constructed a cell-scaffold complex consisting of a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold seeded with NgR-silenced neural stem cells and Schwann cells, and determined the effects of mild hypothermia combined with the cell-scaffold complexes on the spinal cord hemi-transection injury in the T9 segment in rats. Compared with the PLGA group and the NgR-silencing cells + PLGA group, hindlimb motor function and nerve electrophysiological function were dearly improved, pathological changes in the injured spinal cord were attenuated, and the number of surviving cells and nerve fibers were increased in the group treated with the NgR-silenced cell scaffold + mild hypothermia at 34℃ for 6 hours. Furthermore, fewer pathological changes to the injured spinal cord and more surviving cells and nerve fibers were found after mild hypothermia therapy than in injuries not treated with mild hypothermia. These experimental results indicate that mild hypothermia combined with NgR gene-silenced cells in a PLGA scaffold may be an effective therapy for treating spinal cord injury.
基金Supported by Calgary Laboratory Services Internally Supported Research, RS09-533
文摘AIM: To explore the association of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated neoplasia. METHODS: NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples of colonic mucosa with IBD colitis, colitis-associated raised low-grade dysplasia (LGD) including dysplasia-associated lesions or masses (DALMs, n = 18) and adenoma-like dysplastic polyps (ALDPs, n = 4), colitis-associated high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 11) and colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CACRC, n = 13), sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyp (SAP, n = 17), and sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC, n = 12). The immunoreactivity of NTSR1 was semiquantitated (as negative, 1+, 2+, and 3+) and compared among different conditions.RESULTS: NTSR1 was not detected in normal mucosa but was expressed similarly in both active and inactive colitis. LGD showed a significantly stronger expression as compared with non-dysplastic colitic mucosa, with significantly more cases showing > 2+ intensity (68.75% in LGD vs 32.26% in nondysplastic mucosa, P = 0.001). However, no significant difference existed between DALMs and ALDPs. CACRC and HGD showed a further stronger expression, with significantly more cases showing 3+ intensity than that in LGD (61.54% vs 12.50% for CACRC vs LGD, P = 0.022; 58.33% vs 12.50% for CACRC/HGD vs LGD, P = 0.015). No significant difference existed between colitis-associated and non-colitic sporadic neoplasia. CONCLUSION: NTSR1 in colonic epithelial cells is overexpressed in IBD, in a stepwise fashion with sequential progress from inflammation to dysplasia and carcinoma.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFB0701202).K.Chang ac-knowledges the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.Pro-fessor Zi-Kui Liu is greatly acknowledged for the discussion about the general thermodynamic model for LPSOs.
文摘A thermodynamic model Mg x(Xs,Mg)6(Xl,Mg)8(Xs and Xl are elements smaller and larger than Mg)for long-period stacking ordered phases(LPSOs)was proposed based on two key factors:the Xs 6 Xl 8-type L12 clusters and the variation of chemical compositions.In general,all available LPSOs can be described with this model.As a representative system,Mg-Y-Zn with three LPSOs was investigated using the CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram)approach aided with first-principles calculations.Two new three-phase equilibria were predicted and were validated by key experiments.The model-based descriptions will be the basis for the research and development of magnesium alloys.
基金the 38th China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2005038055 the Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Liaoning Province, No. 2005225003-14the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 20052204
文摘BACKGROUND: With developments of tissue engineering and genetic engineering, we aim to culture myoblasts, which are characterized by high purity, high quality and high production, for wide application in neural regeneration researches. OBJECTIVE: To modify traditional dissociation method in order to obtain myoblasts, which are characterized by high purity, high quality and high production, and explore the biological properties under in vitro culture. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Basic Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Four neonatal Wistar rats of 5 days old, both genders and mean body mass of 10 g were selected in this study. The main reagents and devices were detailed as follows: DMEM medium (Gibco Company), fetus bovine serum (FBS, Hycolne Company), collagenase Ⅱ (Sigma Company), trypsin (Sigma Company), dispase Ⅱ (Sigma Company), desmin antibody (Fuzhou Maixin Company), antibody Ⅱ and ABC kit (Wuhan Baster Biotechnology Company), desk centrifuge (KUBATO, Japan), and inverted phase contrast microscope (LEICA DMIRB, Germany). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Basic Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA from June to October 2006. Neonatal rats were sacrificed under sterile condition to obtain skeletal muscles of limbs, which were washed with cold PBS (containing benzylpenicillin and estreptomicina), and muscular tissue was sheared into pieces. Then, those muscular pieces were added with mixed digestive enzyme (containing 2 g/L collagenase Ⅱ + 5 g/L dispase Ⅱ + 0.28 g/L CaCl2) as twice volume as pieces, dealt with mechanical pipetting for 5 minutes and cultured in CO2 incubator for 10 minutes. The operation was done for three times and the muscular pieces were digested for 45 minutes in total. Moreover, cells were suspended again in order to obtain myoblasts from skeletal muscle of neonatal rats. In addition, myoblasts were purified with differential attachment technique and enzyme digestion so as to observe morphological characteristics and growth, draw growth curve, analyze surface structure under scanning electron microscope, and evaluate with Desmin immunohistochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological characteristics and growth ofmyoblasts cultured in vitro. RESULTS: ①Growth of myoblasts of skeletal muscle: Primary cells had well growth, mature and differentiation. The positive rate of Desmin was 94% and purification of cells was ideal. Growth curve of cells demonstrated that myoblasts which were characterized by high purification started proliferation plentiful through transient growth lag phase (about at one or two days after inoculation). If myoblasts were not dealt with any interventions, they might become sarcotubule gradually at 3 - 5 days after proliferative phase. During this period, myoblasts maintained a monocaryon-bipolarity state under inverted phase contrast microscope. Furthermore, the growth of cells was the strongest and reproductive activity was the most powerful. This suggested that myotube started to form; in addition, muscle fiber of contractility might form under a well culturing condition. ②Immunocytochemical stain with desmin antibody: Interzonal fiber of desmin from myoblasts showed strongly positive reaction. Positive staining existed in cytoplasm had a high nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. However, myoblasts showed negative or mildly positive reaction. CONCLUSION: It is ideal for modified multi-enzymatic digestion and double purification method to dissociate and purify myoblasts of skeletal muscle; meanwhile, these two methods are both the effective ways to provide convenient conditions to obtain seed cells for neural regeneration researches.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0301101)the project of Innovation-driven plan in Central South University(No.2015CX004)Thermo_calc AB,and National Nature Science Fundation of China(No.50731002).
文摘An overview about one thermodynamic database of multi-component Mg alloys is given in this work.This thermodynamic database includes thermodynamic descriptions for 145 binary systems and 48 ternary systems in 23-component(Mg–Ag–Al–Ca–Ce–Cu–Fe–Gd–K–La–Li–Mn–Na–Nd–Ni–Pr–Si–Sn–Sr–Th–Y–Zn–Zr)system.First,the major computational and experimental tools to establish the thermodynamic database of Mg alloys are briefly described.Subsequently,among the investigated binary and ternary systems,representative binary and ternary systems are shown to demonstrate the major feature of the database.Finally,application of the thermodynamic database to solidification simulation and selection of heat treatment schedule is described.
文摘Soil organic carbon has been identified as one of the most important components in soil.Changes in soil organic carbon content will significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentration,which is related to soil fertility,water holding capacity,nutrient cycling,and changes in microbial communities.In recent years,biochar has been proven to be an effective material for increasing carbon storage,and research on the application of biochar in soil ecosystem carbon sequestration and emission reduction functions has received widespread attention.However,due to differences in the specific methods and research objects used in the research process,the current mechanism of the impact of biochar on soil organic carbon is still controversial.This paper mainly revealed the effects of biochar on soil organic carbon from the aspects of the effects of biochar addition on soil aggregates and microorganisms,and also elaborated on the direction worth exploring and objectively evaluated the impact mechanism of biochar on soil organic carbon.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51531009 and 51671219)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2017JJ3409)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)CH-1688/1-1 and Nachwuchsakademie Program
文摘Design and development of novel electrode materials is one of several hot topics in studying Li ion battery. The CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach enables calculation of stable and metastable phase equilibria,as well as thermodynamic properties for various materials,w hich has been applied to accelerate modern materials design in recent years. The traditional trial-and-error method is being replaced by the integration of CALPHAD with first-principles calculations,as well as empirical methods and key experiments. The CALPHAD approach and first-principles calculations have been proved to be a powerful tool in studying electrode materials, not only for calculation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties,but also for prediction of cell voltages in Li ion batteries,which allows for the design of future electrode materials with improved stability and efficiency. Examples of the cathode systems(Li-O,Li-Co-O and Li-Ni-O) and anode systems(Li-Sb and Li-Sn),which are studied by applying the CALPHAD approach and first-principles calculations,are presented.
基金The financial support from National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFB0701202)State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University,China(No.1991DA105636),are greatly acknowledged.
文摘Phase equilibria of the Mg-Sn-Ag system in Mg-rich corner at 320 and 400℃ were experimentally investigated with nine ternary alloys subjected to electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction techniques.No ternary compounds were observed at both isothermal sections.Two three-phase triangles,i.e.hcp(Mg)+Mg_(2)Sn+Mg_(3)Ag and Mg_(2)Sn+Mg_(3)Ag+MgAg(bcc_B2),were both observed at 320 and 400℃.A new three-phase region of Ag3Sn+Mg2Sn+MgAg(bcc_B2)was additionally observed at 320℃,which implied that the binary phase Ag3Sn has a considerable solubility of Mg in the ternary system at the temperature.And the maximal solubility of Mg in Ag3Sn was measured to be 27.2 at.%.This result is not consistent with the thermodynamic calculated isothermal section at 350℃ from Wang et al.[11]and put forward a new requirement or refinement for the optimization of the Mg-Sn-Ag ternary system.At 400℃,the maximal solubility of Sn in the Mg3Ag phase was determined to be about 3.0 at.%Sn,and the solubility of Ag in Mg2Sn was negligible.The temperature of ternary eutectic reaction at Mg-rich corner(L↔hcp(Mg)+Mg_(54)Ag_(17)+Mg_(2)Sn)was measured by differential scanning calorimetry.The partial isothermal sections in Mg-rich corner of the ternary system at 320 and 400℃ were then constructed based on the above experimental data.
文摘As one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,colorectal cancer(CRC)is accompanied by a variety of symptoms in the process of disease development and treatment,which seriously affect the functional state and quality of life of patients.In China,comprehensive intervention measures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)play an indispensable role in the treatment and rehabilitation of CRC.In order to further standardize and improve the treatment and management of CRC by medical staff,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the“Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”in August 2021.This paper interprets this consensus in detail from the perspective of nursing,focusing on the common understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC,TCM diagnosis and syndrome differentiation,integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing,TCM characteristic therapies,etc.,with a view to deepening the understanding and practical application of the consensus among clinical doctors and nurses and improving the level of diagnosis,treatment,and nursing of CRC.
文摘Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in China,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays a unique advantage in the treatment and rehabilitation of lung cancer.In order to standardize TCM diagnosis and treatment and disease management of clinical medical workers,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the“Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine”in August 2021.Experts’recommendations were made on the clinical staging and syndrome differentiation and classification of lung cancer,characteristic TCM therapies,and nursing care of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.This article interpreted the Consensus on the above aspects from a nursing perspective,hoping to provide references for clinical medical workers in the treatment and nursing care of lung cancer.
文摘Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide with trophic effects on some neoplasms. Its bioactivities are mainly mediated by neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1). Both NT and NTSR1 were found to be upregulated in breast cancer. NT/NTSR1 thus becomes a potential therapeutic target. We studied whether any correlation exists between the expression of NTSR1 in breast carcinomas and the expression of ER, PR, and Her2. A total 85 cases of invasive ductal (62) and lobular (23) breast carcinomas were studied. Based on their ER/PR profiles, the ductal carcinomas (DCs) were subcategorized into ER+/PR+ (21), ER+/PR﹣ (20), and ER﹣/PR﹣ (21). All of the lobular carcinomas (LCs) were ER+/PR+. 21.57% of all DCs and 5.56% of LCs were Her2 positive. 77.78% of ER﹣/PR﹣ DCs were also Her2 negative (triple negative). The expression of NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and was semiquantitated (as negative, 1+, 2+, 3+). Both 2+ and 3+ were collectively defined as overexpression. The expression of NTSR1 was weak and focal in non-neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. It is increased in 74.19% of DCs (80.95% in ER+/PR+, 75% in ER+/PR﹣, and 66.67% in ER﹣/PR﹣ group), and in 95.65% of LCs. The overexpression of NTSR1 is similar between ER+ DCs and ER﹣ DCs (75% vs 66.67%, p > 0.05) as well as between PR+ DCs and PR﹣ DCs (80.95% in ER+/PR+ DCs vs 75% in ER+/PR﹣ DCs, p > 0.05). And it was seen in 77.78% of Her2+ DCs, 78.38% of Her2﹣ DCs, 94.12% of Her2﹣ LCs, and 78.57% of triple negative DCs. Overall, NTSR1 is commonly overexpressed in both ductal and lobular breast carcinomas and is independent of the ER/PR/Her2 profiles of the tumors. The present data supports the potential benefit of developing NTSR1 blockers in the adjuvant therapy of breast carcinomas, particularly for those “triple negative” tumors.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFC2303400,2022YFC2305205Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB29010000。
文摘Background Hepatic inflammation is the major risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the underlying mechanism by which hepatic inflammation progresses to HCC is poorly understood.This study was designed to investigate the role of ETS translocation variant 4(ETV4)in linking hepatic inflammation to HCC.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to detect the expression of ETV4 in HCC tissues and cell lines.RNA sequencing and luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the target genes of ETV4.Hepatocyte-specific ETV4-knockout(ETV4fl/fl,alb-cre)and transgenic(ETV4Hep-TG)mice and diethylnitrosamine-carbon tetrachloride(DEN-CCL4)treatment experiments were applied to investigate the function of ETV4 in vivo.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database mining and pathological analysis were carried out to determine the correlation of ETV4 with tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11(MAPK11).Results We revealed that ETV4 was highly expressed in HCC.High levels of ETV4 predicted a poor survival rate of HCC patients.Then we identified ETV4 as a transcription activator of TNF-αand MAPK11.ETV4 was positively correlated with TNF-αand MAPK11 in HCC patients.As expected,an increase in hepatic TNF-αsecretion and macrophage accumulation were observed in the livers of ETV4Hep-TG mice.The protein levels of TNF-α,MAPK11,and CD68 were significantly higher in the livers of ETV4Hep-TG mice compared with wild type mice but lower in ETV4fl/fl,alb-cre mice compared with ETV4fl/fl mice as treated with DEN-CCL4,indicating that ETV4 functioned as a driver of TNF-α/MAPK11 expression and macrophage accumulation during hepatic inflammation.Hepatocyte-specific knockout of ETV4 significantly prevented development of DEN-CCL4-induced HCC,while transgenic expression of ETV4 promoted growth of HCC.Conclusions ETV4 promoted hepatic inflammation and HCC by activating transcription of TNF-αand MAPK11.Both the ETV4/TNF-αand ETV4/MAPK11 axes represented two potential therapeutic targets for highly associated hepatic inflammation and HCC.ETV4+TNF-αwere potential prognostic markers for HCC patients.
基金This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272315)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7222108)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1303600).
文摘The pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)serves not only as a bicistronic message RNA to translate core protein(Cp)and DNA polymerase(Pol),but also as the template for reverse transcriptional replication of viral DNA upon packaging into nucleocapsid.Although it is well known that pgRNA translates much more Cp than Pol,the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Cp and Pol translation efficiency from pgRNA remains elusive.
文摘Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell- astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B (GB), against oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose (OGD/R) injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein (Na-F), and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.
文摘Bovine foamy virus (BFV), a member of the spumavirus subfamily of retroviruses,contains two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) in addition to the genes coding for gag,po/and env. Borf-1 protein, encoded by BFV ORF-1, is identified as a transcriptional transactivator, which augments gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat (LTR).Further investigations in transient expression assays reveal that the Borf-1 responsive elements are located in the U3 domain of the LTR, upstream from position -140 ( + 1 represents the transcription initiation site), and the BFV RU5 region has an inhibitory effect in LTR-directed gene expression.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51531009,51711530713 and 51501230)the Central South University(No.2018gczd033).
文摘Excellent comprehensive mechanical properties including good formability,high strength and high ductility are prior demands for Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys.This study utilizes calculation of phase diagram(CALPHAD)to simplify the alloy design and meet these demands.Specifically,CALPHAD was used to finely tune the Mg/Si atomic ratio in solid solution and accurately control the type and content of second phases,especially to avoid the formation of the harmful constituent phaseβ-Al Fe Si.Constituents and dispersoids of only-Al Fe Mn Si phase were found in the alloy prepared.An optimized microstructure with fine grains,micro scale constituents,densely distributed submicron scale dispersoids and extremely dense nano precipitates provides effective impediment to dislocation gliding and induces transgranular fracture.Therefore,the designed alloy has better comprehensive mechanical properties than other 6 xxx series aluminum alloys,including excellent formability,strength and ductility.The low T4P strength of 149 MPa as well as the high elongation of 26.1%implies the alloy’s applicability to automobile body panel forming.The yield strength was rapidly improved from 149 MPa to 277 MPa during the paint bake ageing,because the number density of precipitates is twice as high as that of some other 6xxx alloys.Meanwhile,the elongation was kept at a high level of 20.0%.