Expression of interleukin 6 in brain and colon of rats with TNBS-induced colitis

AIM:To characterise expression of interleukin 6(IL-6),a potent proinflammatory cytokine,in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and investigate its effect on neuroimmunomodulation and immune homeostasis regulation.METHODS:In this study,rats with colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) were sacrificed on days 3,7,14,21 and 28 after induction.In the controls,the TNBS was just replaced by equivalent amount of phosphate buffered solution(PBS,0.01 mol/L).IL-6 mRNA expression in brain and colon tissues in each phase was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction,and cellular localisation and protein level of IL-6 was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:At day 7,mRNA expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in the colon and brain of IBD rats than that of the controls.The protein level was also significantly higher in colon,hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of IBD rats compared with the controls.So there are similar temporal trends in IL-6 mRNA expression and protein levels in all positions with a persistent increase to a peak at day 7,followed by a decline and gradual return to normal levels.CONCLUSION:These results revealed that changes in IL-6 expression in brain and colon tissues occur in different phases of IBD.Therefore,we propose that the nerve centre regulates and controls the occurrence and development of IBD via IL-6.

Clinical effects of acupuncture therapy for vascular dementia

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate clinical acupuncture treatment studies for vascular dementia, as well as to collect high-quality evidence related to clinical acupuncture treatment for clinical diagnosis. DATA SOURCES： PubMed database （1966-2010）, Embase database （1986-2010）, Cochrane Library （Issue 1,2010）, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （1979-2010）, China HowNet database （1979-2010）, VlP Journals Database （1989-2010）, and Wanfang database （1998-2010） were analyzed by computer.

Microstructure and In-plane Resistivity of Cu/Ni Multilayers

The Cu/Ni multilayers were deposited using ion beam sputtering at room temperature and 250 degree C respectively. The microstructure of the multilayers including interfacial roughness, grain size and growth direction has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microstructure depends strongly on the substrate temperature and modulation wavelength, bigger grain size and larger interfacial roughness were obtained when the multilayers were deposited at 250 degree C, and the multilayers ceased to grow epitaxially due to the increasing defects in the multilayers. The resistivity of the multilayers is very sensitive to the microstructure due to the size-effect. In order to study the influence of the microstructure on the resistivity, the in-plane resistivity of Cu/Ni multilayers was measured using four-point probe. The resistivity increases with higher substrate temperature, and it decreases when the modulation wavelength becomes short. The interfacial roughness and grain size have co-contribution to the resistivity. The interface scattering is the main factor which has effect on the resistivity of Cu/Ni multilayers. (Edited author abstract) 13 Refs.

DISCHARGE DISTRIBUTION IN STRAIGHT COMPOUND CHANNELS

The existing methods of computing the flow distribution in compound channels with flood plains have been summarized. A new method called the momentum-exchange method was presented and verified with experimental and field data. The results show that the new method is more effective than previous ones.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF EMERGENCY GATE SHUTTING FOR ORIFICE TUNNEL

In the process of the emergence gate shutting of one orifice tunnel, a big noise and great vibration may be observed in the mid gate chamber. In order to guarantee the working safety of orifice tunnels, an experimental investigation is carried out in Sichuan University. In the investigation, the fluctuation pressure along the tunnel and the wind velocity in the entry of emergency gate are measured. In the mean time, the fluid state in orifice tunnel is carefully observed and analyzed. The reasons of the noise and vibration in the mid gate chamber are found out and some countermeasures are presented in this paper. The conclusions are useful to the orifice tunnels with high water head and huge discharge.

Genome-wide Targeted Mutagenesis in Rice Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

Dear Editor Since the completion of the rice （Oryza sativa） genome- sequencing project, a major goal of rice research has been the functional characterization of all annotated genetic loci in various biological processes. One of the most efficient and widely-used strategies for studying gene function is genetic mutagenesis. Several rice mutant libraries have been generated in the past decade, providing a wealth of resources for plant research （Chang et al., 2012）. CRISPR/Cas9 （clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease 9） has recently emerged as a powerful tool for rice research and breeding （Cong et al., 2013; Feng et al., 2013; Miao et al., 2013;

个人-组织契合度对离职意愿的作用是否受到工作满意的中介效应影响？中国社区卫生人员的调查

目的个人-组织契合度（person—organization fit，简称契合度）是工作态度的预测变量。然而，在卫生人力资源领域，契合度的文献还非常有限。契合度与离职意愿是直接相关还是间接相关，目前也还不清楚。因此，使用中国的调查数据，以验证工作满意度在契合度与离职意愿关系中的中介作用。

The chimeric Japanese encephalitis/Dengue 2 virus protects mice from challenge by both dengue virus and JEV virulent virus

Dengue fever （DF） is the most significant emerging arbovirus disease, which is caused by four distinct serotypes of Dengue viruses （DENY-1 to DENV-4）. Serotype-specific immunity does not confer cross-protection against secondary infec- tions from heterologous serotypes, which leads to dengue haemorrhagic fever （DHF） and dengue shock syndrome （DSS） as a result of antibody-dependent enhancement （ADE） of infection that is mediated by non-neutralizing, cross-reac- tive antibodies （Kliks et al., 1989）. The intense efforts to develop a safe and efficient DENV vaccine have involved using a variety of traditional biological technologies in the past 50 years （Durbin et al., 2005; McArthur et al., 2008）, yet no commercial DENV vaccine has been generated until now.

COMPUTATION OF DISCHARGE IN MEANDERING COMPOUND RIVERS

Method of computing the discharge distribution of overbank flow in meandering rivers was presented with the concept of momentum transfer. The formulae of transverse or radial depth-average velocity on flood plains and main channel were obtained through theoretical analysis. The verification shows that the computational discharges coincide basically with the measured ones in laboratory.

RELATION OF DEBRIS FLOW DEPTH AND CURVATURE RADIUS OF DISCHARGE GUIDE DITCH

Theoretical approach to the relation of different type of debris flow and curvature radius of discharge guide ditch and expression for estimating water surface freeboard, with the consideration of debris flow characteristics with rational structure, were described. The relevant formulae were simplified and verified by measurement data. The results show good coincidence of the estimated values with measured data.

Special Issue on Resilience in Steel Structures

This special issue of Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering features nine technical papers focusing on resilience in steel structures with authors from Canada, China, Italy, Portugal, Singapore and the United States. Through their contributions, they have shared their technical expertise in innovative solution towards resilience in steel structures by conducting experimental investigation, formulating analytical modelling and developing finite-element simulation. Papers also addressed the topical issue on life-cycle costing, constructability and reparability. Current design provisions were also assessed and new design concepts and solutions were proposed. The following are the highlights of each of the technical contributions.