云南省6个“直过民族”卫生服务需要与利用现状调查研究

目的了解云南省6个“直过民族”的卫生服务需要与利用状况,为卫生规划提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法于2022年7~12月,选取云南省6个“直过民族”15岁及以上的1921名居民进行卫生服务需要与利用情况调查。结果云南省6个“直过民族”居民的2周患病率为22.54%,慢性病患病率为38.52%。其中,女性(OR=1.564)、年龄≥60岁(OR=1.727)与健康效应值较低(OR=5.277)居民的2周患病风险更高,而民族为基诺族(OR=0.470)和拉祜族(OR=0.659)、EQ-VAS评分较高(OR=0.446/0.174)居民则较低;年龄≥45岁(OR=3.392/7.072)居民的慢性病患病风险更高,而民族为基诺族(OR=0.409)、未婚(OR=0.479)、高受教育程度(OR=0.629/0.603)和高EQ-VAS评分(OR=0.208)的居民则较低(P<0.05)。6个“直过民族”居民的2周就诊率为14.32%,2周患病未就诊率为36.49%;1 a内住院率为19.89%,应住院未住院率为15.86%。其中,女性(OR=1.461)和年龄≥45岁(OR=1.510/1.560)居民的2周就诊风险更高,而高EQ-VAS评分(OR=0.445)居民则较低;年龄≥60岁(OR=2.029)、民族为怒族(OR=1.599)、傈僳族(OR=1.688)和基诺族(OR=1.968)的居民1a内住院的风险更高,而高EQ-VAS评分(OR=0.325)的居民则更低(P<0.05)。结论云南省“直过民族”卫生服务需要较低,但慢性病流行态势不容乐观;卫生服务利用相对充分,但门诊服务利用仍有待改善。

国内外代表性物理化学教材知识体系与教学内容的比较

高质量的教材是支撑高水平教学的重要基础。本文对国内外15本具有代表性的物理化学教材进行了对比研究,对编写理念、教学内容、编排体系、教学目标以及教材的编写和出版情况等16个方面进行了对比研究,分析了我国物理化学教材的优势与不足,提出了十四五期间开展物理化学教材建设需要重视的7个方面建议,对教材的编写和出版具有一定的参考价值。

表面富集的超小铂纳米颗粒耦合缺陷磷化钴用于高效的电催化水分解和柔性锌空气电池

开发多功能的纳米电催化剂可以提高单位催化剂表面活性密度.本课题组采用热解和还原工艺制备了具有多功能电催化性能的超小铂纳米颗粒耦合缺陷CoP的纳米材料(Pt/d-CoP/NPC),它具有较高的氧还原反应(ORR)半波电位(0.82 V).所合成的Pt/d-CoP/NPC电催化剂具有良好的电催化析氢反应活性,当反应活性达到10 mA cm^(-2)时,过电位分别为33 mV@1mol/L KOH, 10 mV@0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)和70 mV@1 mol/L PBS.Pt/d-CoP/NPC催化剂还表现出较好的析氧反应活性.以合成的催化剂Pt/d-CoP/NPC作为电极组装的全解水装置和可充电锌空气电池具有良好的活性和稳定性,可以持续有效地驱动全解水产氢,在存储可再生能源方面的具有较好的应用潜力.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱测试和傅里叶红外光谱测试(FTIR)等技术研究了Pt颗粒与CoP之间的相互作用,并利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了催化剂的ORR反应机制.Pt/d-CoP/NPC在129.3 (2p_(3/2))和130.1 eV (2p_(1/2))处的P 2p轨道观察到P-M键,证实了金属磷化物的存在.Pt/d-CoP/NPC的Co结合能相对于d-CoP/NPC的结合能发生了正移,表明Pt与CoP之间存在电子相互作用.由于Co和Pt的电负性差异,Pt/d-CoP/NPC中Pt的峰值与商用Pt/C相比呈负移,说明电子从Co向Pt转移.XPS也证实了碳的存在.此外,拉曼光谱也出现了碳的特征峰D峰和G峰.并且Pt/d-CoP/NPC和d-CoP/NPC的ID/IG值相似,说明Pt的引入不会影响碳基体的结构.在N 1s光谱中,检测到N-P和吡啶氮的存在,证实在Pt/d-CoP/NPC和d-CoP/NPC中形成了N, P掺杂的碳.此外, Pt/d-CoP/NPC的FTIR谱出现对应于P-O, N-P, C-C, C-H和O-H的峰,也证明了氮磷共掺杂碳的存在.通过DFT计算进一步分析Pt/d-CoP/NPC电催化剂具有良好ORR活性的原因.结果表明,电荷从CoP转移到Pt,有利于活性氧分子的活化,促进催化过程.对比不同模型ORR过程中间体的自由能图, Pt/d-CoP/NPC和Pt/C的速率决定步骤为O_(2)生成OOH^(*),合成的Pt/d-CoP/NPC具有有利的热力学过电位,证明了其高效的ORR性能.此外, Pt/d-CoP/NPC中Pt的d带中心相对于纯Pt有明显的正向费米能级转移,说明引入的CoP可以导致离域电子重分布,从而优化了反应中间体的吸附.综上,Pt/d-CoP/NPC催化剂中Pt与CoP之间存在相互作用,进而提高催化活性,该催化剂的合成有望为开发多功能电催化纳米材料提供参考.

物理化学课程关于“液-气相变”知识点的教学设计

以物理化学课程中“液-气相变”知识点的教学设计为例,讨论如何在课程中同时实现对学生知识-能力-素质“三位一体”的培养目标。

溶液系统中挥发性溶质间化学反应的摩尔吉布斯函数

对于溶液反应系统中挥发性溶质间的化学反应,其Δ_(r)G_(m)^(■)的求算与其他反应系统存在本质的不同。本文对此进行讨论,并建议物理化学教材对此给出说明,以避免可能的应用错误。

Co-Ru alloy nanoparticles decorated onto two-dimensional nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction

Constructing highly-efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)/oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with excellent stability is quite important for the development of renewable energy-related applications.Herein,Co-Ru based compounds supported on nitrogen doped two-dimensional(2D)carbon nanosheets(NCN)are developed via one step pyrolysis procedure(Co-Ru/NCN)for HER/ORR and following low-temperature oxidation process(Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN)for OER.The specific 2D morphology guarantees abundant active sites exposure.Furthermore,the synergistic effects arising from the interaction between Co and Ru are crucial in enhancing the catalytic performance.Thus,the resulting Co-Ru/NCN shows remarkable electrocatalytic performance for HER(70 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))in 1 M KOH and ORR(half-wave potential E_(1/2)=0.81 V)in 0.1 M KOH.Especially,the Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN obtained by oxidation exhibits splendid OER performance in both acid(230 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and alkaline media(270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))coupled with excellent stability.Consequently,the fabricated two-electrode water-splitting device exhibits excellent performance in both acidic and alkaline environments.This research provides a promising avenue for the advancement of multifunctional nanomaterials.

Two-Dimensional Manifolds with Computation V-Function of ODE Systems

The computation of stable or unstable manifold of two-dimensional is developed, which is an efficient method in studying stable structure analysis of system character geometrically. The Lorentz stable manifold is computed by the fixed arclength method and the hyperbolic equilibrium is a saddle. The two-dimensional stable structure of Lorentz manifold is significant in people’s usual view. We also introduce the V-function to compute the V-manifold correspondingly. The defined V-function is smooth in the unstable direction of the manifold. Especially, the routh to period-doubling attractor on manifold surface is discussed too.

甘肃省新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响分析——基于VAR模型的实证研究

缩小城乡居民之间的收入差距一直以来都被视为促进社会主义基本建设和实现全体人民共同富裕的重要使命,党的十八大以来提出推进的以人为核心的新型城镇化,更加注重城乡区域发展的平衡。本文基于甘肃省实际发展情况,从人口、经济、社会、土地、生态5个方面构建了甘肃省新型城镇化发展指标体系,通过构建VAR模型,对甘肃省新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响进行分析,并得出相关的结论与启示。结果表明:甘肃省新型城镇化是城乡收入差距的Granger原因,而城乡收入差距不是新型城镇化的Granger原因;在短期内新型城镇化的发展会促使城乡收入差距缩小,但在长期内新型城镇化的发展会导致城乡收入差距的扩大,但这种扩大的趋势随着时间的推移会不断放缓;新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的贡献率呈逐渐增加的趋势,而城乡收入差距对于自身影响的贡献率处于不断下降的状态,反之,新型城镇化水平的提高基本源于自身的发展。

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C_2H_2 over Ce-Al_2O_3 catalyst with rate-determining step of NO oxidation

Ce-A12O3 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation are investigated both in NO oxidation by 02 and in selective catalytic reduction of NO by C2H2 （C2H2-SCR）. It is found that C2H2-SCR is initiated and controlled by NO oxidation to NO2 over A12O3. Ce loading on A12O3 is almost inactive for NO oxidation below 350℃, since NO2 strongly adsorbs on cerium oxide, leading to the active sites being blocked, which was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of NO and NO2 and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after NO＋O2 coadsorption over the samples. However, in the case of C2H2-SCR, Ce loading on A1203 significantly improves the reaction by accelerating the NO oxidation step in the temperature range of 250-450℃, since the nitrate species produced by NO2 adsorption is an active intermediate required by C2H2-SCR.

Effects of shrub species and microhabitats on dew formation in a revegetation-stabilized desert ecosystem in Shapotou, northern China

Dew is an important supplement water source in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to determine the dew formation on different kinds of soils associated with various shrub species and microhabitats, we performed measurement of accumulated dew formation amount and duration in October 2009 in a revegetation-stabilized arid desert ecosystem in Shapotou area, northern China. The results indicated that the accumulated dew formation amount was four times larger at open spaces as compared to under the canopy, and it was nearly twice as much under living Artemisia ordosica plants（L.A.） as compared to under living Caragana korshinskii plants（L.C.）. The opposite characteristics were found for dew duration between different microhabitats. Dew amounts at different vertical heights around the shrub stands were in the order of 50 cm above the canopy〉the canopy edge〉under the canopy. Dew amount continued to increase after dawn, and the proportion of average accumulated dew amount after dawn accounting for the average maximum amount increased from above the canopy to under the canopy. Dew formation duration after sunrise accounted for more than 50% of the total formation duration during the day time. Contrary to the distribution characteristics of dew amount, dew duration after dawn and total dew formation duration during the day time were both highest under the canopy, followed by at the canopy edge and then at 50 cm above the canopy. The portion of dew duration after dawn accounting for the total dew duration during the day time increased from above the canopy to under the canopy. From these results, we may conclude that dew availability as a supplemental water resource for improving the microhabitats in water-limited arid ecosystems is position dependent especially for the plant microhabitats at different stands layers.

促进物理化学在线教学质量的实践

在疫情特殊时期,立足以学生的学习为中心,依托物理化学国家精品MOOC、利用“慕课堂+QQ群+腾讯会议”网络技术,构建了“五步法”在线教学模式,即“导学助力→MOOC自学→在线评测→及时反馈→讨论进阶”。充分发挥教师的主导作用,采用多样化的在线教学交互策略,激励、引导学生参与教学全过程,有效保障了在线教学质量。

Modeling and Simulation of aCounter-Rotating Turbine System for Underwater Vehicles

The structure of a counter-rotating turbine of an underwater vehicle is designed by adding the counter-rotating second-stage turbine disk to the conventional single-stage turbine. The available kinetic energy and the absorption power of the auxiliary system are calculated at different working conditions, and the results show that the power of the main engine and auxiliary system at the counter-rotating turbine system matches well with each other. The technology scheme of the counter-rotating turbine system is proposed, then the experimental simulation of the lubricating oil loop, fuel loop, and seawater loop is completed. The simulation results indicate that the hydraulic transmission system can satisfy the requirements for an underwater vehicle running at a steady sailing or variable working conditions.

Synthesis of Acetic Acid on Pd-H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)-Based Catalysts by Direct Oxidation of Ethylene

Synthesis of acetic acid by direct oxidation of ethylene on Pd-H4SiW12O40-based catalysts was studied in a fixed-bed integral reactor and a pulse differential reactor. From the performance of the catalysts with different compositions and configurations, it is proposed that acetic acid is predominantly produced via an intermediate of acetaldehyde. This can be easily confirmed by comparing the product distributions in the integral and the differential reactors. The active sites for acetic acid formation are considered to exist mainly at the boundaries between the H4SiW12O40 and the Pd particles. The Pd-based catalysts reduced by H2/N2 have higher activities than those reduced by hydrazine, as explained by the degree of Pd dispersion obtained from the characteristics of hydrogen chemical adsorption. It was found that the Pd-Se-SiW12/SiO2 catalyst with selenium tetrachloride as a precursor was more active than that with potassium selenite, and that the acetic acid yield can be greatly increased by adding a suitable amount of dichloroethane (C2H4C12/C2H4 mole ratio=0.03) to the reactants.

Revisit of event-based rainfall characteristics at Shapotou area in northern China

Distribution of rainfall event sizes and interval lengths between events are important characteristics of arid and semi-arid climates. Understanding their importance will contribute to our ability to understand ecosystem dynamics in these regions. Rainfall event timing and magnitude are important drivers of ecosystem processes and are instrumental in creating land-scape heterogeneity in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall event characteristics were analyzed using an automatic tip-ping-bucket rain-gauge record across the entire summer monsoon season from 2008 to 2015 at the arid desert area of Shapotou in the Tengger Desert, China. Changing the minimum inter-event time （MIT） from 30 min to 24 h alters the number of rainfall events from 64 to 25 for the event depth larger than 0.1 mm. The mean rainfall intensity declined from 0.95 mm/h to 0.53 mm/h, and the geometric mean event duration rose from 0.55 h to 4.4 h. The number of rainfall events, mean rainfall intensity, and geometric mean event duration differed under different criteria of individual rainfall depths, except that for an individual rainfall depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm. The aforementioned features differed only at the lowest range of the mean rainfall intensity and depth for MIT=3 and 6 h. These findings suggest that identification of event-based rainfall in this specific arid region can be better achieved by setting the MIT at six hours. The wide variation in rainfall event properties indicate the need for paying more attention to the proper selection and reporting of event criteria in studies that adopt event-based data analysis. This is especially true in quantifying effective rainfall for soil water replenishment in terms of rainfall depth and intensity with infrequent rainfall events.

Effect of slow-release iron fertilizer on iron-deficiency chlorosis, yield and quality of Lilium davidii var.unicolor in a two-year field experiment

Iron deficiency chlorosis of Lilium davidii var. unicolor is often the case in practice in alkaline soils of northwest region of China. It is difficult to control iron chlorosis because of high cost and short effective work time of conventional iron fertilizers. In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two slow-release fertilizers on the suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis, soil chemical properties, and the yield and quality of L. davidii var. unicolor. Results show that both coated slow-release iron fertilizers and embedded slow-release iron fertilizer effectively controlled iron-deficiency chlorosis. The application of slow-release iron fertilizers significantly increased plant height and chlorophyll content of L. davidii var. unicolor at different growth stages. Furthermore, coated iron fertilizer application significantly increased starch, protein, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of L. davidii var. unicolor, and it also significantly improved total amino acid content, with increases in essential amino acids(Trp, Leu, Lys, Phe, Val, and Thr contents) and in nonessential amino acids(Asp, Glu, Cit, Ihs, Acc, Ala, Pro, and Cys contents). It was concluded that application of coated slow-release iron fertilizer could be a promising option for suppression of iron deficiency chlorosis and deserves further study.

A Game Analysis on Technology Alliance of Tech-typed Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

As an innovation mode of organization, technology alliance has being increasingly paid more attention to by more and more small and medium-sized enterprises （SME）. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the theory and practice meaning of the technology alliance, cooperative game method is used to analyze the forming process of the cooperative mechanism, and it points out that cooperation will make both sides get the largest benefits.

Intrastorm stemflow variability of a xerophytic shrub within a water-limited arid desert ecosystem of northern China

An increasing number of studies in recent years has elucidated distinguishable effects of stemflow on hydrology and biogeochemistry within a variety of ecosystems.Nonetheless,no known studies have investigated the temporal variability of stemflow volume within discrete rainfall events for xerophytic shrubs.Here,stemflow was monitored at 5-min intervals using a tipping-bucket rain gage during the 2015 growing season for a xerophytic shrub(Caragana korshinskii)within a water-limited arid desert ecosystem of northern China.We characterized the stemflow temporal variability,along with rainfall,and found the temporal heterogeneity of rainfall clearly affected the timing of stemflow inputs into basal soil within discrete rainfall events.The rainfall threshold value for stemflow generation is not a constant value but a range(0.6~2.1 mm,with an average of 1.1 mm)across rainfall events and is closely associated with the antecedent dry period.Time lags existed between the onset of rainfall and the onset of stemflow,and between rainfall peaks and stemflow peaks.Our findings are expected to be helpful for an improved process-based understanding of the temporal stemflow yield of xerophytic shrubs within water-limited arid desert ecosystems.

Effects of shrubs and precipitation on spatial-temporal variability of soil temperature in microhabitats induced by desert shrubs

Soil temperatures at 0, 5, 10 and 20 cm depths were monitored cominuously at different microhabitats （beneath shrub canopy （BSC）; bare intershrub spaces （BIS）） induced by xerophytic shrub （Caragana korshinskii Kom.） canopy, respectively. We mainly aimed to assess the effects of shrub canopy and precipitation on the spatial-temporal variability of soil temperature. Results indi- cate that both precipitation and vegetation canopy significantly affect soil temperature. In clear days, soil temperatures within the BSC area were significantly lower than in the BIS at the same soil depth due to shading effects of shrub canopy. Diurnal variations of soil temperature show a unimoclal sinusoidal curve. The amplitude of soil temperature tended to decrease and a hysteresis of di- urnal maximum soil temperature existed at deeper soil layers. Vertical fluctuations of soil temperature displayed four typical curves. In the nighttime （approximately from sunset to sunrise）, surface temperature within the BSC area was higher than in the BIS. In rainy days, however, soil temperatures were affected mainly by precipitation and the shrub canopy had a negligible effect on soil temperature, and little difference in soil temperature at the same soil depth was found between the BSC area and in the BIS. Diurnal variations in soil temperature decreased exclusively as rainfall continued and the vertical fluctuations of soil tempera~＇e show an increased tendency with increasing soil depth.

Variation in water source of sand-binding vegetation across a chronosequence of artificial desert revegetation in Northwest China

Water is the most important limiting factor in arid areas,and thus water resource management is critical for the health of dryland ecosystems.However,global climate change and anthropogenic activity make water resource management more difficult,and this situation may be particularly crucial for dryland restoration,because of variation in water uptake patterns associated with artificial revegetation of different ages and vegetation type.However,there is lacking longterm restorations that are suitable for studying this issue.In Shapotou area,Northwest China,artificial revegetation areas were planted several times beginning in 1956,and now form a chronosequence of sand-binding landscapes that are ideal for studying variability in water uptake source by plants over succession.The stable isotopesδ18O andδ2H were employed to investigate the water uptake patterns of the typical revegetation shrubs Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii,which were planted in different years.We compared the stable isotope ratios of shrub stem water to groundwater,precipitation,and soil water pools at five layers(5−10,10−40,40−80,80−150,and 150−300 cm).The results indicate that Artemisia ordosica derived the majority of their water from the 20−150 cm soil layer,whereas Caragana korshinskii obtained water from the 40−150 cm soil layer.The main water sources of Artemisia ordosica and C.korshinskii plants changed over time,from deeper about 150 cm depth to shallow 20 cm soil layer.This study can provide insights into water uptake patterns of major desert vegetation and thus water management of artificial ecosystems,at least in Northwest China.

Using GIS to Plan Specialty Health Services for Veterans: The Example of Acute Stroke Care

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) manages the largest healthcare system under a single management structure in the United States. Providing access to high quality healthcare to the VA’s nearly 9 million enrollees is a mission priority for the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the arm of the VA that oversees all medical facilities and operations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools enable analysts to construct data-driven recommendations to policy makers for providing the best and most timely healthcare to those individuals who have honorably served their country. This paper illustrates how GIS is being used by the VHA and provides the example of acute stroke care access for Veterans in one Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) within the VHA.