油气储层之中常存在沿层理发育的水平裂缝,并对储层特性有着不可忽视的影响.水平裂缝与层理平行,使得裂缝的地震响应与层理的地震响应互相混叠,给水平缝的地震识别带来了困难.本文利用地震物理模拟技术,模拟并分析了含水平裂缝的薄互层...油气储层之中常存在沿层理发育的水平裂缝,并对储层特性有着不可忽视的影响.水平裂缝与层理平行,使得裂缝的地震响应与层理的地震响应互相混叠,给水平缝的地震识别带来了困难.本文利用地震物理模拟技术,模拟并分析了含水平裂缝的薄互层储层地震响应特征,为水平裂缝的地震识别提供依据.首先设计并制作了用于模拟含水平裂缝的薄互层储层物理模型,模型采用了在均匀地层中嵌入裂缝单元的模拟方式,水平裂缝单元采用片状孔隙材料叠合法构建,即利用粘合剂将片状孔隙材料粘合胶结,然后压实固化进而获得用于模拟野外含裂缝岩石的裂缝单元.然后将物理模型置于水槽内,模拟采集了4条二维纵波地震测线,并对地震数据进行了处理分析.模拟数据处理分析结果显示,本研究的模拟方法可以较好地模拟水平裂缝的地震响应特征.此外,本研究还对处理结果进行了时频分解,讨论并分析了含水平缝薄互层储层地震响应频变特征.研究表明,薄互层储层中发育的水平裂缝可以明显的引起时频谱的异常,但是这种异常受到薄互层调谐效应和裂缝的双重制约.因此无论进行薄层解释还是裂缝预测时,必须综合考虑调谐效应与裂缝的双重影响.对于含水平缝薄互层储层的频变AVO(振幅随偏移距变化,Amplitude Variation with Offset)特征而言,尽管薄互层产生的频变特征起主导作用,但是裂缝的发育以及裂缝参数的变化可以引起频变AVO特征的显著变化,该结果说明了利用频变AVO特征识别水平裂缝的可行性.展开更多
The seismoelectric effects induced from the coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field depend on the physical properties of the reservoir rocks. We built an experimental apparatus to measure the ...The seismoelectric effects induced from the coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field depend on the physical properties of the reservoir rocks. We built an experimental apparatus to measure the seismoelectric effects in saturated sandstone samples. We recorded the seismoelectric signals induced by P-waves and studied the attenuation of the seismoelectric signals induced at the sandstone interface. The analysis of the seismoelectric effects suggests that the minimization of the potential difference between the reference potential and the baseline potential of the seismoelectric disturbance area is critical to the accuracy of the seismoelectric measurements and greatly improves the detectability of the seismoelectric signals. The experimental results confirmed that the seismoelectric coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field is induced when seismic wave propagating in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The amplitudes of the seismoelectric signals decrease linearly with increasing distance between the source and the interface, and decay exponentially with increasing distance between the receiver and the interface. The seismoelectric response of sandstone samples with different permeabilities suggests that the seismoelectric response is directly related to permeability, which should help obtaining the permeability of reservoirs in the future.展开更多
文摘油气储层之中常存在沿层理发育的水平裂缝,并对储层特性有着不可忽视的影响.水平裂缝与层理平行,使得裂缝的地震响应与层理的地震响应互相混叠,给水平缝的地震识别带来了困难.本文利用地震物理模拟技术,模拟并分析了含水平裂缝的薄互层储层地震响应特征,为水平裂缝的地震识别提供依据.首先设计并制作了用于模拟含水平裂缝的薄互层储层物理模型,模型采用了在均匀地层中嵌入裂缝单元的模拟方式,水平裂缝单元采用片状孔隙材料叠合法构建,即利用粘合剂将片状孔隙材料粘合胶结,然后压实固化进而获得用于模拟野外含裂缝岩石的裂缝单元.然后将物理模型置于水槽内,模拟采集了4条二维纵波地震测线,并对地震数据进行了处理分析.模拟数据处理分析结果显示,本研究的模拟方法可以较好地模拟水平裂缝的地震响应特征.此外,本研究还对处理结果进行了时频分解,讨论并分析了含水平缝薄互层储层地震响应频变特征.研究表明,薄互层储层中发育的水平裂缝可以明显的引起时频谱的异常,但是这种异常受到薄互层调谐效应和裂缝的双重制约.因此无论进行薄层解释还是裂缝预测时,必须综合考虑调谐效应与裂缝的双重影响.对于含水平缝薄互层储层的频变AVO(振幅随偏移距变化,Amplitude Variation with Offset)特征而言,尽管薄互层产生的频变特征起主导作用,但是裂缝的发育以及裂缝参数的变化可以引起频变AVO特征的显著变化,该结果说明了利用频变AVO特征识别水平裂缝的可行性.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2016ZX05018-005)the New Methods,New Technology Research of Geophysical Prospecting(No.2014A-3612)
文摘The seismoelectric effects induced from the coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field depend on the physical properties of the reservoir rocks. We built an experimental apparatus to measure the seismoelectric effects in saturated sandstone samples. We recorded the seismoelectric signals induced by P-waves and studied the attenuation of the seismoelectric signals induced at the sandstone interface. The analysis of the seismoelectric effects suggests that the minimization of the potential difference between the reference potential and the baseline potential of the seismoelectric disturbance area is critical to the accuracy of the seismoelectric measurements and greatly improves the detectability of the seismoelectric signals. The experimental results confirmed that the seismoelectric coupling of the seismic wave field and the electromagnetic field is induced when seismic wave propagating in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The amplitudes of the seismoelectric signals decrease linearly with increasing distance between the source and the interface, and decay exponentially with increasing distance between the receiver and the interface. The seismoelectric response of sandstone samples with different permeabilities suggests that the seismoelectric response is directly related to permeability, which should help obtaining the permeability of reservoirs in the future.