大众化高等教育时代地方院校物理学专业面临的办学危机与对策探索

大众化高等教育时代背景下,地方本科院校由物理教育专业经过升本改造后的物理学专业,面临着招生每况愈下的办学危机。产生危机的原因在于升本后的办学目标不明确和就业市场的变化。要通过明确办学方向、制定合理的培养规格和课程体系、不断改革创新、谋划申报专业学位硕士点等途径,使传统专业焕发生机活力。

美国贝勒大学物理系和物理师范专业课程体系介绍

本文较为全面地介绍了贝勒大学物理系及物理师范专业的课程体系。可以看出,与我国类似,贝勒物理系招生人数偏少。另外,贝勒物理系专业设置合理,可获得学位选择性很大;课程体系宽而深,强调跨学科发展。物理师范教育脱离物理系,由教育学院承担,强调跨学科和教学实践。它山之石,可以攻玉,这些特点无疑对我国地方本科院校物理专业转型发展有着重要的启示意义。

热力学统计物理学课程教学经验浅谈

本文介绍了热力学统计物理教学中的几点经验:熟悉教材,以科研促教,重视师生互动,重视总结和归纳。

阻止无限高碰撞能量出现的另一机制

本文介绍了时空非对易理论。黑洞作为加速器时,时空非对易效应是阻止碰撞粒子获得无限高能量的另外一个机制。

地方应用型高校如何教好量子力学

量子力学是现代物理的基础，是一门理论性很强的学科。许多概念与经典物理格格不入，给初学者造成很大困难。笔者结合自己的学习过程和教学情况，探讨如何在地方应用型高校教好这门课程。

Statistical-Mechanical Entropies of Schwarzschild Black Hole due to Arbitrary Spin Fields in Different Coordinates

The statistical-mechanical entropies of the Schwarzschild black hole arising from the scalar, Weyl neutrino, electromagnetic, Rarita-Schwinger and gravitational fields are investigated in the Painlevg and Lemaitre coordinates. Although the metrics in the Painlevg and the Lemaitre coordinates do not obviously possess the singularity as that in the Schwarzschild coordinate, we find that the entropies of the arbitrary spin fields in both the Painlevd and Lemaitre coordinates are exactly equivalent to that in the Schwarzschild coordinate.

Finite entropy of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black hole in different coordinates

This paper studies the finite statistical-mechanical entropy of the Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter （ADS） spacetime arising from quantum massless scalar field by using the ＇brick wall＇ approach in the Painlev; and Lemaaitre coordinates. At first glance, it seems that the results would be different from that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate since both the Painlev; and the Lemaitre spacetimes do not possess the event horizon obviously. However, this paper proves that the entropies in these coordinates are exactly equivalent to that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate.

应用型高校物理专业转型发展方案研究

应用型高校物理专业的转型发展,要以行业背景为基础,以国家宏观政策为引导,更好地促进物理这门基础学科的发展。按照人才市场需求和学术发展的双重标准,修订培养方案。按照人人能成才、成才多样化的观念创新教学模式。按照教育公平、德育为先、能力为重的理念改革考核方式。按照教学、科研、服务的三大职能加快师资队伍转型发展。

Quasinormal Spectrum and Quantization of the Kerr-Newman Black Hole

The intermediate asymptotic quasinormal mode spectrum of the charged scalar and Dirac fields in the near extremal Kerr-Newman black hole is studied analytically, It is found that the quasinormal mode spectrum can be expressed in terms of the Hawking temperature Thb, the electric potential Ф＋ and the horizon＇s angular velocity ΩH for the case of （eФ_ ＋ mΩH） 〉 （1 - 4πThb）Re（ω） （where e is the charge and m is the azimuthal projection number）, whereas it is only relevant to the charge and the mass parameter for another case. It is also shown that by using the Bohr＇s correspondence principle, the fundamental change in the black-hole surface area induced by the emission of a rotating charged quantum from the Kerr-Newman black hole is in accord with the Bekenstein-Mukhanov general prediction.

Effects of Homogeneous Plasma on Strong Gravitational Lensing of Kerr Black Holes

Considering the Kerr black hole surrounded by a homogeneous unmagnetized plasma medium, we study the strong gravitational lensing on the equatorial plane of the Kerr black hole. It is found that the presence of the uniform plasma can increase the photon-sphere radius r_{／rm ps}, the coefficients ／bar{a} and ／bar{b}, the angular position of the relativistic images （／theta_{／infty}）, the deflection angle ／alpha（／theta） and the angular separation s. However, the relative magnitude r_{／rm m} decreases in the presence of the uniform plasma medium. It is also shown that the impact of the uniform plasma on the effect of strong gravitational lensing becomes smaller as the spin of the Kerr black hole increases in the prograde orbit （a〉0）. In particular, for the extreme black hole （a=0.5）, the effect of strong gravitational lensing in the homogeneous plasma medium is the same as the case in vacuum for the prograde orbit.

High dimensional AdS-like black hole and phase transition in Einstein-bumblebee gravity

In this study,we obtained an exact high dimensional anti-de Sitter(AdS)black hole solution in Einsteinbumblebee gravity theory.This AdS-like black hole can only exist with a linear functional potential of the bumblebee field.We found that the Smarr formula and the first law of black hole thermodynamics can still be constructed in this Lorentz symmetry breaking black hole spacetime,but the conceptions of the black hole horizon area/entropy and the volume inside the horizon should be renewed due to its anisotropy.We also found that two types of phase transition exist:small-large black hole phase transition and Hawking-Page phase transition,like those of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole.After Lorentz symmetry breaking,the black hole mass at the divergent point of heat capacity becomes small,and the Gibbs free energy of the meta-stable large black hole is also smaller,showing that the large stable black hole can be more easily formed.

Periodic Orbits Around Kerr Sen Black Holes

We investigate periodic orbits and zoom-whirl behaviors around a Kerr Sen black hole with a rational number q in terms of three integers(z,w,v),from which one can immediately read off the number of leaves(or zooms),the ordering of the leaves,and the number of whirls.The characteristic of zoom-whirl periodic orbits is the precession of multi-leaf orbits in the strong-field regime.This feature is analogous to the counterpart in the Kerr space-time.Finally,we analyze the impact of the charge parameter b on the zoom-whirl periodic orbits.Compared to the periodic orbits around the Kerr black hole,it is found that typically lower energies are required for the same orbits in the Kerr Sen black hole.

Slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution and its greybody factor in a Lorentz violation model

We obtain an exact slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution by solving the corresponding rr and tθ components of the gravitational field equations for both cases:A)b u=(0,b(r),0,0) and B) bu=(0,b(r),b(θ),0) .Then,we check the other gravitational field equations and the bumblebee field motion equations using this solution.We find that for case A,there indeed exists a slowly rotating black hole solution for an arbitrary LV(Lorentz violation)coupling constant l;however,for case B,this slowly rotating solution exists if and only if coupling constant l is as small as or smaller than angular momentum a.Thus far,no full rotating black hole solution has been published;hence,the Newman-Janis algorithm cannot be used to generate a rotating solution in the Einstein-bumblebee theory.This is similar to the Einstein-aether theory,wherein only some slowly rotating black hole solutions exist.To study the effects of this broken Lorentz symmetry,we consider the black hole greybody factor and find that,for angular index l=0 ,LV constant l decreases the effective potential and enhances the absorption probability,which is similar to the results for the non-minimal derivative coupling theory.