Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手设计与分析

折纸的连续弯曲、扭转、伸展收缩和线性运动的特性,使得折纸构型比较适合机械手机构设计;然而,折纸在机械手方面的应用特别是对非柱状的机械手应用较少。基于图论和折痕分配算法提出了一种基于Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手机构,该机构由对应折痕等效形成的销杆连接构成。通过对折痕进行几何分析研究了该机构的运动特性,发现双指机械手机构能够实现弯曲抓取,具有弯曲程度大、抓取适应性强和结构刚度大的优点。对Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手机构进行了三维结构设计,通过对双指机械手机构进行自由度分析和几何分析,发现双指机械手单元具有3个自由度,机械手每个单元上的杆间角度越大可抓取物体的半径越小,且随着机械手横向和纵向单元数目增加其可抓取物体的半径变大。

一种基于改进DTW的人体运动模式感知算法

人体运动模式感知算法作为下肢外骨骼机器人的关键技术之一,是外骨骼能否平稳、高效地实现人机协同功能的基础。为提高感知精度,提出了一种改进的动态时间规整(DTW)算法和一种自适应权重分配机制。首先针对传统DTW算法存在匹配失真的问题,提出了一种新的路径约束条件,并适当松弛算法的端点,以处理端点部分数据可能无法对齐的问题;然后在多传感器决策层融合中设计了一种自适应权重分配机制;最后通过惯性测量单元(IMU)采集人体在六种常见运动模式下的运动数据进行实验。实验结果表明,所提出的改进DTW算法和自适应权重分配机制相结合有助于感知精度的提升,六种运动模式的平均感知精度由90.78%提升至97.64%。

Stable grasping gesture analysis of a cable-driven underactuated robotic hand

The stable grasping gesture of a novel cable-driven robotic hand is analyzed. The robotic hand is underactuated, using tendon-pulley transmission and a parallel four-linkage mechanism to realize grasp. The structure design and a basic grasping strategy of one finger was introduced. According to the established round object enveloping grasp model, the relationship between the contacting and driving forces in a finger and stable grasping conditions were expounded. A method of interpolation and iteration was proposed to obtain the stable grasping gesture of the cable-driven hand grasping a round target. Quasi-statics analysis in ADAMS validated the variation of grasping forces, which illustrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed analytical method. Three basic types of grasping gestures of the underactuated hand were obtained on the basis of the relationship between the contact forces and position of a grasped object.

Dynamic modelling and PFL-based trajectory tracking control for underactuated cable-driven truss-like manipulator

In recent years,an innovative underactuated robot was developed,named as underactuated cable-driven trusslike manipulator(UCTM),to be suitable in aerospace applications.However,there has been strong consensus that the stabilization of planar underactuated manipulators without gravity is a great challenge since the system includes a second order nonholonomic constraint and most classical control methods are not suitable for this kind of system.Furthermore,the complexity of the truss-like structure results in tremendous difficulty of computational complicacy and high nonlinearity during dynamic modelling in addition to controller design.It is paramount to solve these difficulties for UCTM's future applications.To solve the above difficulties,this paper presents a dynamic modelling method for UCTM and a trajectory tracking control method based on partial feedback linearization(PFL)that fulfills the control goal of moving UCTM from its original position to a desired position by tracking a given trajectory of the joint angles.To achieve this,a model equivalent method is proposed to make UCTM equivalent with a three-link manipulator in the sense of dynamic behavior.Then the Lagrangian equation combined with complex vector method is proposed in the dynamic modelling process of UCTM,which simplifies the derivation procedure.Based on the established dynamic model,a coordinate transformation method is proposed to transform the control force matrix into the conventional form of an underactuated system,so that the control force can be separated from the unactuated term.The PFL method in combination with the LQR control method is then proposed to realize the targets that the joint angles can track given desired trajectory.Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

冗余机械臂逆运动学求解方法研究进展

随着科学技术的发展,冗余机械臂凭借其多自由度的特性获得学者的广泛关注.其中包括执行指定任务时,需要将任务路径转换为关节空间轨迹,进行逆运动学求解,求取非线性函数的连续逆映射.该求解过程尤为重要且非常复杂,国内外学者对此开展了大量研究.这里将冗余机械臂逆运动学求解方法进行分类,归纳整理出各类求解方法,分别概述解析法、数值解法、智能算法以及对应子方法的基本原理、对比及研究现状.最后,指出逆运动学求解方法面临的核心问题以及发展趋势.

3-DOF索杆桁架式欠驱动机械手运动控制

索杆桁架式机械手是将绳轮传动系统和平行四边形机构结合而提出的一种新型欠驱动机械手。绳索驱动力同时驱动手指关节耦合运动,而手指关节运动又会直接改变绳拉力在各指节单元的驱动力分布,导致索杆桁架式欠驱动系统具有强非线性和运动耦合特点。针对该问题,利用虚功原理,将绳轮传动系统等效为耦合的关节驱动力矩,并建立3-DOF手指准静态运动学模型。根据手指最大运动空间约束条件,确定关节弹簧配置分布并开展手指准静态运动空间分析。采用拉格朗日方程法建立手指一般动力学方程,并转换为"A-P"型等效动力学模型。在此基础上,开展预变形阶段运动控制研究。通过仿真分析和样机试验验证所提分析方法和运动控制策略的有效性。

Kresling和Miura折痕混合型三指机械手的运动学分析及其设计

提出了一种基于Kresling和Miura折痕的混合型三指机械手,该手具有抓取范围大、结构简单和灵活性高的特点。首先,对Kresling折痕进行几何分析,建立了Kresling折痕参数与应变能之间的关系方程。利用坐标法建立了多层Miura折纸单元的力矩与指节长宽比之间的关系方程;在此基础上利用虚功原理建立了混合型单元的各个参数之间关系的数学模型,并采用D-H(Denavit-Hartenberg)坐标法计算出末端点的分布来确定机械手的工作空间;采用力矩平衡的方法,分析了机械手对圆柱体和长方体分别进行指尖抓取和包络抓取的情况,得出了各接触力与各关节角之间的关系。