随着电力现货市场的深入发展,含日前市场、权利市场等多阶段市场形式下的储能装置投资组合研究,需要重点关注输电阻塞和电力拥堵的问题。为实现储能利润的最大化,规避输电阻塞和发/用电不平衡引起的节点价格波动风险,文章提出了考虑金融...随着电力现货市场的深入发展,含日前市场、权利市场等多阶段市场形式下的储能装置投资组合研究,需要重点关注输电阻塞和电力拥堵的问题。为实现储能利润的最大化,规避输电阻塞和发/用电不平衡引起的节点价格波动风险,文章提出了考虑金融/物理合约的储能装置投资组合策略。首先介绍了金融/物理输电权、金融/物理储能权的概念。然后利用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)作为风险度量,分别建立金融合约和物理合约的储能投资组合模型。最后通过国内某省电力现货市场测试数据进行验证,并将基于金融/物理合约的投资组合风险规避情况和无权利市场的投资组合进行对比。仿真结果表明,所提出的投资组合模型能有效规避市场价格波动风险。展开更多
Determining whether air temperatures recorded at meteorological stations have been contaminated by the urbanization process is still a controversial issue at the global scale. With support of historical remote sensing...Determining whether air temperatures recorded at meteorological stations have been contaminated by the urbanization process is still a controversial issue at the global scale. With support of historical remote sensing data, this study examined the impacts of urban expansion on the trends of air temperature at 69 meteorological stations in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province over the last three decades. There were significant positive relations between the two factors at all stations. Stronger warming was detected at the meteorological stations that experienced greater urbanization, i.e., those with a higher urbanization rate. While the total urban area affects the absolute temperature values, the change of the urban area （urbanization rate） likely affects the temperature trend. Increases of approximately 10% in urban area around the meteorological stations likely contributed to the 0.13~C rise in air temperature records in addition to regional climate warming. This study also provides a new approach to selecting reference stations based on remotely sensed urban fractions. Generally, the urbanization-induced warming contributed to approximately 44.1% of the overall warming trends in the plain region of study area during the past 30 years, and the regional climate warming was 0.30℃ （10 yr）-1 in the last three decades.展开更多
文摘为解决基于斜率控制的储能系统控制方法的不足,提出一种基于自适应动态规划(adaptive dynamic programming,ADP)方法的储能系统自适应优化控制策略。一方面通过储能系统对风电输出的不稳定功率进行调节,使其满足风电并网要求;另一方面控制电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)保持在适宜的范围内,实现电池储能系统合理充放电的功能。以典型风电场功率为例,在风电波动率和荷电状态等约束条件下,对比基于斜率控制的储能系统控制方法和所提出的基于ADP的储能系统优化控制方法二者的控制效果,验证了基于ADP的储能系统优化控制方法的有效性和可行性。该方法能够实时在线调节平滑过程,实现对储能系统充放电功率的二次优化。
文摘随着电力现货市场的深入发展,含日前市场、权利市场等多阶段市场形式下的储能装置投资组合研究,需要重点关注输电阻塞和电力拥堵的问题。为实现储能利润的最大化,规避输电阻塞和发/用电不平衡引起的节点价格波动风险,文章提出了考虑金融/物理合约的储能装置投资组合策略。首先介绍了金融/物理输电权、金融/物理储能权的概念。然后利用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)作为风险度量,分别建立金融合约和物理合约的储能投资组合模型。最后通过国内某省电力现货市场测试数据进行验证,并将基于金融/物理合约的投资组合风险规避情况和无权利市场的投资组合进行对比。仿真结果表明,所提出的投资组合模型能有效规避市场价格波动风险。
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDA05090201)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB723904)
文摘Determining whether air temperatures recorded at meteorological stations have been contaminated by the urbanization process is still a controversial issue at the global scale. With support of historical remote sensing data, this study examined the impacts of urban expansion on the trends of air temperature at 69 meteorological stations in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province over the last three decades. There were significant positive relations between the two factors at all stations. Stronger warming was detected at the meteorological stations that experienced greater urbanization, i.e., those with a higher urbanization rate. While the total urban area affects the absolute temperature values, the change of the urban area （urbanization rate） likely affects the temperature trend. Increases of approximately 10% in urban area around the meteorological stations likely contributed to the 0.13~C rise in air temperature records in addition to regional climate warming. This study also provides a new approach to selecting reference stations based on remotely sensed urban fractions. Generally, the urbanization-induced warming contributed to approximately 44.1% of the overall warming trends in the plain region of study area during the past 30 years, and the regional climate warming was 0.30℃ （10 yr）-1 in the last three decades.
