添加生物炭对鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中养分转化的研究

为研究不同柠条生物炭添加量对鸡粪堆肥过程中养分转化的影响,以鸡粪和小麦秸秆粉为堆肥原材料,并添加质量分数为0%、3%、6%、9%、12%和15%的柠条生物炭进行好氧堆肥,并在堆肥第0、3、8、19、26、33和40 d取样测定各项指标。结果表明,与对照组CK相比,添加柠条生物炭可以缩短堆肥升温期1~2 d,延长堆肥高温期的停留天数2~4 d,增加堆体的保水能力;而且有利于堆肥高温期氨气的吸附,减少氮素损失,提高堆肥质量。堆肥结束后,添加柠条生物炭可以使全氮质量分数提高5.59%~27.38%;无论是否添加生物炭,随着堆肥进行,各处理的全磷、全钾均迅速增加。在鸡粪麦秆堆肥中添加柠条生物炭可以加快堆肥进程,减少氨气的挥发损失。柠条生物炭是一种有效的堆肥添加剂,且适宜的柠条生物炭添加比例在9%~12%之间。

Effects of Biochar on Substrate Degradation and Ammonia Emission during Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure

In this study, chicken manure and Caragana korshinskii Kom powder were used as the main raw materials with different amounts of biochar added to test four aerobic composting treatment groups A, B, C and D with laboratory composting fermenters and testing apparatus, and new insight into biochar’s nitrogen conservation mechanism was gotten, based on the experimental data and related exploration such as the physical and chemical properties of the final products, the changing interactions among nutrient elements and other elements, and the relationship between substrate degradation and the amount of biochar used as well as the best formula for reducing ammonia emission. The results showed that the proper proportion of the added biochar to the other elements was conducive to less ammonia emission and nitrogen loss during the aerobic composting. The composting effect of Treatment C （biochar at 20%） was the optimal in the test, where in the composting temperature rose the most rapid and the earliest to the maximum temperature 52.5℃, with the least nitrogen loss. An effective, safe and high-quality resource utilization of chicken manure was established through the aerobic composting with reasonable material mixture proportion.

智能化农业机械装备的发展现状及展望（英文）

智能化农业机械是集合计算机技术、电控技术和人工智能等技术的高新技术产品,在降低操作人员劳动强度、改善农民劳动环境、提高农业作业效率以及减少资源消耗、环境破坏等方面具有重要意义。为此,回顾和综述了国内外有关智能化农机的研究进展,简要阐述了传统农业机械在农业生产中出现的问题,提出了农业机械向智能化转型的重要性。此外,从智能化农机的概念和特点入手,介绍了国内外智能化农业机械的发展概况,并列举了一些典型产品。同时,分析了智能化农业机械接下来的发展重点和未来趋势,以期为农业机械行业的发展提供参考和指导。