基于信号幅度的^(3)He管中子探测器刻度算法优化研究

本研究针对中国散裂中子源下的高压中子衍射谱仪中核心组件——位置灵敏型^(3)He管中子探测器的刻度问题进行了深入探究。通过实验验证和理论分析,揭示了传统刻度方法中未考虑到的中子信号幅度对刻度参数的影响,以及由此产生的位置分布畸变和空间分辨率降低的问题。为解决这些问题,本研究提出了一种改进的刻度算法,该算法能够有效地考虑中子信号幅度的变化,从而显著改善了探测器系统的空间分辨能力。经过实验结果分析显示,新的刻度算法不仅消除了位置分布的拖尾现象,而且提高了不同位置处的空间分辨率,与理论预期相符。本研究的成果为高压中子衍射谱仪在极端条件下的应用提供了重要的技术支持,并为进一步优化中子探测器的刻度方法和提高中子衍射技术的应用精度奠定了基础。

金刚石探测器材料研制与中子探测性能研究

核技术领域快中子监测需要探测器具有耐辐照、快响应和耐高温等特点。相比于其它探测器,金刚石探测器具有体积小、抗辐照能力强、时间响应快等优点,目前国内市场上成熟的探测器产品均采用国外的探测器级金刚石材料。本文基于市售的高温高压单晶晶种,采用氧原子等离子体净化实现杂质并入的控制,获得了低杂质含量的高质量单晶金刚石。金刚石经封装后应用于中国散裂中子源进行中子监测试验,实现了对中子脉冲的能量监测。探测器的中子飞行时间谱显示出明显的脉冲分辨,由于C-12原子核与高能中子高的散射截面,在飞行时间谱上产生了对应的共振峰结构,且中子飞行时间谱显示出较高的可靠性,受探测器波动的影响较小,表明当前的金刚石探测器能够满足快中子束流监测的需求。

BESIII硅像素探测器寻迹方法的初步研究

随着BESIII漂移室运行时间的增加,其老化问题日趋严重,各种升级替换方案也在研究过程中。论文对替换方案之一的硅像素探测器(SPT)的基本结构、探测原理和初步模拟工作进行了介绍。阐述了硅像素探测器的径迹重建算法的原理、算法的设计和开发。最后使用不同动量的单粒子径迹模拟事例对算法进行调试,并对匹配效率、重建性能和探测器物质量对算法的影响进行了检验和分析。

Synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride films by dual temperature zone low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)films are synthesized by dual temperature zone low-pressure chemical vapor deposition(LPCVD)through using a single ammonia borane precursor on non-catalytic c-plane Al_(2)O_(3)substrates.The grown films are confirmed to be h-BN films by various characterization methods.Meanwhile,the growth rates and crystal quality of h-BN films at different positions in the dual temperature zone are studied.It is found that the growth rates and crystal quality of the h-BN films at different positions on the substrate are significantly different.The growth rates of the h-BN thin films show their decreasing trends with the rearward position,while the crystal quality is improved.This work provides an experimental basis for the preparation of large area wafer thick h-BN films by LPCVD.

Fabrication and performance evaluation of GaN thermal neutron detectors with bm^6LiF conversion

A GaN-based pin neutron detector with a 6LiF conversion layer was fabricated, and can be used to detect thermal neutrons. Measurement of the electrical characteristic of the GaN-based pin neutron detector showed that the reverse leakage current of the neutron detector was reduced significantly after deposition of a 6LiF conversion layer on the detector surface. The thermal neutrons used in this experiment were obtained from an 241Am-Be fast neutron source after being moderated by 100-mm-thick high-density polyethylene. The experimental results show that the detector with 16.9-μm thick 6LiF achieved a maximum neutron detection efficiency of 1.9% at a reverse bias of 0 V, which is less than the theoretical detection efficiency of 4.1% calculated for our GaN neutron detectors.

Study of beamstrahlung effects at CEPC

The discovery of a 125 GeV Higgs boson at the LHC marked a breakthrough in particle physics. The relative lightness of the new particle has inspired consideration of a high-luminosity Circular Electron positron Collider （CEPC） as a Higgs Factory to study the particle＇s properties in an extremely clean environment. Given the high luminosity and high energy of the CEPC, beamstrahlung is one of the most important sources of beam- induced background that might degrade the detector performance. It can introduce even more background to the detector through the consequent electron-positron pair production and hadronic event generation. In this paper, beamstrahlung-induced backgrounds are estimated with both analytical methods and Monte Carlo simulation. Hit density due to detector backgrounds at the first vertex detector layer is found to be -0.2 hits/cm2 per bunch crossing, resulting in a low detector occupancy below 0.5%. Non-ionizing energy loss （NIEL） and total ionizing dose （TID）, representing the radiation damage effects, are estimated to be -1011 1 MeV neq/cm2/yr and --300 kRad/yr, respectively.

Reconstruction algorithm study of 2D interpolating resistive readout structure

Systematic investigations including both simulation and prototype tests have been done about the interpolating resistive readout structure with GEM （Gaseous Electron Multiplier） detector. From the simulation, we have a good knowledge of the process of charge diffusion on the surface of the readout plane and develop several reconstruction methods to determine the hit position. The total signal duration time of a typical event with the readout structure was about several hundred nanoseconds, which implied an ideal count rate up to 106 Hz. A stable working prototype was designed and fabricated after the simulation. Using 55Fe 5.9 performance of the prototype was examined with flat field image and some special geometry energy resolution of about 17% was obtained. keV X-ray, the image shapes, meanwhile, an

辐照与退火对金刚石氮空位色心产率的影响

采用高能电子辐照结合真空退火,在金刚石内部形成氮空位色心。对比研究了辐照与退火前后金刚石宏观颜色变化及内部缺陷转变,讨论了不同辐照剂量和真空退火温度对氮空位产率的影响规律。结果显示,氮空位色心浓度随着辐照剂量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,这是由于辐照剂量越高则空位更容易形成空位簇,空位簇在退火过程中不能形成氮空位色心。氮空位色心浓度随退火温度的升高逐渐增加,在800~900℃区间达到饱和,当温度继续升高时,氮空位色心浓度反而下降,这源于辐照过程产生的间隙原子在高温下与氮空位的相互作用。

Measurements of the center-of-mass energies at BESⅢ via the di-muon process

From 2011 to 2014, the BESIII experiment collected about 5 fb^-1 data at center-of-mass energies around 4 GeV for the studies of the charmonium-like and higher excited charmonium states. By analyzing the di-muon process e＋e- →yma/Fsμ^＋μ^-, the center-of-mass energies of the data samples are measured with a precision of 0.8 MeV. The center-of-mass energy is found to be stable for most of the time during data taking.

Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of D^+→K^0e^+v_e via K^0→π~0π~0

By analyzing 2.93 fb-1 data collected at the center-of-mass energy v/S = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the semileptonic decay D＋- k0e＋ ve via k0-π0π0 - （8.59 ± 0.14 ± 0.21）% using k0- k0-π0π0, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Our result is consistent with previous measurements within uncertainties..

Determination of the number of ψ' events at BES Ⅲ

The number of φ＇ events accumulated by the BESIII experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is 106.41×（1.00±0.81%）×10^6. The error is systematic dominant; the statistical error is negligible.

Determination of the number of ψ(3686)events at BESⅢ

The numbers of ψ（3686） events accumulated by the BESⅢ detector for the data taken during 2009 and 2012 are determined to be（107.0±0.8）×10^6 and（341.1±2.1）×10^6, respectively, by counting inclusive hadronic events,where the uncertainties are systematic and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. The number of events for the sample taken in 2009 is consistent with that of the previous measurement. The total number of ψ（3686） events for the two data taking periods is（448.1±2.9）×10^6.

Aging effect in the BESIII drift chamber

As the main tracking detector of BESIII, the drift chamber provides accurate measurements of the position and the momentum of the charged particles produced in e＋e- collisions at BEPCII. After six years of operation, the drift chamber is suffering from aging problems due to huge beam-related background. The gains of the cells in the first ten layers show an obvious decrease, reaching a maximum decrease of about 29% for the first layer cells. Two calculation methods for the gain change （Bhabha events and accumulated charges with 0.3% aging ratio for inner chamber cells） give almost the same results. For the Malter effect encountered by the inner drift chamber in January 2012, about 0.2% water vapor was added to the MDC gas mixture to solve this cathode aging problem. These results provide an important reference for MDC operating high voltage settings and the upgrade of the inner drift chamber.

Physics design of collimators to reduce lost particle background at the CEPC

At the CEPC （Circular Electron Positron Collider）, which is proposed by the Chinese high energy physics community, the dominant background comes from radiative Bhabha scattering and the beamstrahlung effect according to preliminary research. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate a collimator system to intercept particles that may be lost near the interaction region （IR）. In this paper, we introduce some limitations in choosing the position and width of the collimators. A certain parameter range is determined which is confined by the β function and the width of the collimators. A suitable choice of the half width is made by exploring this parameter range. A simulation of the particle loss rate in the IR and the hit density in the vertex detector with and without the collimators shows that the set of parameters of the collimators we designed is appropriate and effective.

Observation of e^+e^-→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^- and study of the P-wave D_s mesons

Studies of e^+e~→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-and the P-wave charmed-strange mesons are performed based on an e^+e^-collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb^(-1) collected with the BESIII detector at s^(1/2)=4.600 GeV. The processes of e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^- and D_s^+■~0K^- are observed for the first time and are found to be dominated by the modes D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-, respectively. The Born cross sections are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■^(*0)K^-) =(10.1±2.3±0.8) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+■~0K^-) =(19.4±2.3± 1.6) pb, and the products of Born cross section and the decay branching fraction are measured to be σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s1)(2536)^-+c.c.)·B(D_(s1)(2536)^-→■^(*0)K^-)=(7.5±1.8±0.7) pb and σ~B(e^+e^-→D_s^+D_(s2)~*(2573)^-+ c.c.)·B(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-→■~0 K^-)=(19.7 ± 2.9 ±2.0) pb. For the D_(s1)(2536)^-and D_(s2)~*(2573)^-mesons, the masses and widths are measured to be M(D_(s1)(2536)^-)=(2537.7±0.5 ±3.1) MeV/c2, Γ(D_(s1)(2536)^-) =(1.7 ±1.2 ±0.6)MeV, and M(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(2570.7±2.0 ±1.7) MeV/c^2, Γ(D_(s2)~*(2573)^-)=(17.2 ±3.6 ±1.1) MeV. The spin-parity of the D_(s2)~*(2573)^-meson is determined to be J^p= 2^+. In addition, the processes e^+e^-→D_s^+■^((*)0)K^-are searched for using the data samples taken at four(two) center-of-mass energies between 4.416(4.527) and 4.575 GeV, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the cross sections are determined.

Evidence for the decays of ∧_c^+→∑^+η and ∑^+η’

We study the hadronic decays of ∧c^+ to the final states ∑^+η and ∑^+η, using an e^+e^- annihilation data sample of 567 pb^-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We find evidence for the decays ∧^+→∑^+η and ∑^+η' and with statistical significance of and , respectively. Normalizing to the reference decays ∧^+→∑^+π^0 and ∑^+ω, we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/V(∧^→∑^+π^0)and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)to be and , respectively. The upper limits at the 90% confidence level are set to be B(∧C^→∑^+η)/V(∧^+→∑^+π^0)<0.58 and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)/B(∧C^+→∑^+ω)<1.2. Using BESIII measurements of the branching fractions of the reference decays, we determine B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(0.41±019±0.05)%(<0.68%) and B(∧C^+→∑^+η)=(1.34+0.53+0.19)%(<1.9%). Here, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The obtained branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is consistent with the previous measurement, and the branching fraction of ∧C^+→∑^+η is measured for the first time.

Study of cluster reconstruction and track fitting algorithms for CGEM-IT at BESIII

Considering the effects of aging on the existing Inner Drift Chamber （IDC） of BESIII, a GEM-based inner tracker, the Cylindrical-GEM Inner Tracker （CGEM-IT）, is proposed to be designed and constructed as an upgrade candidate for the IDC. This paper introduces a full simulation package for the CGEM-IT with a simplified digitization model, and describes the development of software for cluster reconstruction and track fitting, using a track fitting algorithm based on the Kalman filter method. Preliminary results for the reconstruction algorithms which are obtained using a Monte Carlo sample of single muon events in the CGEM-IT, show that the CGEM-IT has comparable momentum resolution and transverse vertex resolution to the IDC, and a better z-direction resolution than the IDC.

Luminosity measurements for the R scan experiment at BESIII

By analyzing the large-angle Bhabha scattering events e^＋e^- → （γ）e^＋e^- and diphoton events e^＋^e- → （γ）γγ for the data sets collected at center-of-mass （c.m.） energies between 2.2324 and 4.5900 GeV （131 energy points in total） with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer （BESIII） at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider （BEPCII）, the integrated luminosities have been measured at the different c.m. energies, individually. The results are important inputs for the R value and J/ψ resonance parameter measurements.

Precision measurement of the integrated luminosity of the data taken by BESIII at center-of-mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV

From December 2011 to May 2014, about 5 fb^-1 of data were taken with the BESIII detector at center-of- mass energies between 3.810 GeV and 4.600 GeV to study the charmonium-like states and higher excited charmonium states. The time-integrated luminosity of the collected data sample is measured to a precision of 1% by analyzing events produced by the large-angle Bhabha scattering process.

Study of 2D interpolating readout for a micro-pattern gaseous detector

The two-dimensional interpolating readout, a new readout concept based on resistive anode structure, was studied for the micro-pattern gaseous detector. Within its high spatial resolution, the interpolating resistive readout structure leads to an enormous reduction of electronic channels compared with pure pixel devices, and also makes the detector more reliable and robust, which is attributed to its resistive anode relieving discharge. A GEM （gaseous electron multiplier） detector with 2D interpolating resistive readout structure was set up and the performance of the detector was studied with ^55Fe 5.9 keV X-ray. The detector worked stably at the gain up to 3.5 × 104 without any discharge. An energy resolution of about 19%, and a spatial resolution of about 219 μm （FWHM） were reached, and good imaging performance was also obtained.