By and large the research communities today are not fully aware of the remarkable universality in the dynamic properties of many-body relaxation/diffusion processes manifested in experiments and simulations on condens...By and large the research communities today are not fully aware of the remarkable universality in the dynamic properties of many-body relaxation/diffusion processes manifested in experiments and simulations on condensed matter with diverse chemical compositions and physical structures. I shall demonstrate the universality first from the dynamic processes in glass-forming systems. This is reinforced by strikingly similar properties of different processes in contrasting interacting systems all having nothing to do with glass transition. The examples given here include glass-forming systems of diverse chemical compositions and physical structures, conductivity relaxation of ionic conductors（liquid, glassy, and crystalline）,translation and orientation ordered phase of rigid molecule, and polymer chain dynamics. Universality is also found in the change of dynamics when dimension is reduced to nanometer size in widely different systems. The remarkable universality indicates that many-body relaxation/diffusion is governed by fundamental physics to be unveiled. One candidate is classical chaos on which the coupling model is based, Universal properties predicted by this model are in accord with diverse experiments and simulations.展开更多
文章目的在于引起国内研究团体对一系列复杂相互作用体系中的弛豫和扩散的普适性进行关注.研究发现,无论是不同的化学结构(如无机物、有机物、聚合物、生物分子、胶体、金属和离子导电材料),还是不同的物理状态(如晶态、玻璃态、液体、...文章目的在于引起国内研究团体对一系列复杂相互作用体系中的弛豫和扩散的普适性进行关注.研究发现,无论是不同的化学结构(如无机物、有机物、聚合物、生物分子、胶体、金属和离子导电材料),还是不同的物理状态(如晶态、玻璃态、液体、熔体、混合体系和含水系统),以及不同的尺度(如从块体至纳米),这种普适性无处不在[K.L.Ngai.Relaxation and Diffusion in Complex Systems.NewYork:Springer,2011].该现象起源于多体系统的不可逆过程,取决于一些基本物理定律,与非简谐势引发的经典混沌有关.重新认识这种普适性不仅对众多不同领域的发展有利,而且能进一步弄清楚多体系统中的弛豫与扩散问题——一个重要而又未解决的物理问题.作者提出的耦合模型尽管不是一个严格而完整的答案,但却能够预测多体系统的弛豫和扩散特征,而且与实验结果吻合.基于该模型,绝大多数多体系统中的弛豫与扩散行为是相似的.该模型有望为这一难题的彻底解决奠定基石.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONResponse functions containing infrared divergence effects are given in this paper. These functions assume the same form for NMR relaxation, dielectric loss and internal friction. Except the constant fa...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONResponse functions containing infrared divergence effects are given in this paper. These functions assume the same form for NMR relaxation, dielectric loss and internal friction. Except the constant factor, T1-1, X″/βω and Q-1/βω have the same frequency and temperature dependence. Forthermore, in Na β-alumina in three cases, the exponents N of infrared divergence are all equal to 0.7. The theoretical apparent activa-展开更多
文摘By and large the research communities today are not fully aware of the remarkable universality in the dynamic properties of many-body relaxation/diffusion processes manifested in experiments and simulations on condensed matter with diverse chemical compositions and physical structures. I shall demonstrate the universality first from the dynamic processes in glass-forming systems. This is reinforced by strikingly similar properties of different processes in contrasting interacting systems all having nothing to do with glass transition. The examples given here include glass-forming systems of diverse chemical compositions and physical structures, conductivity relaxation of ionic conductors（liquid, glassy, and crystalline）,translation and orientation ordered phase of rigid molecule, and polymer chain dynamics. Universality is also found in the change of dynamics when dimension is reduced to nanometer size in widely different systems. The remarkable universality indicates that many-body relaxation/diffusion is governed by fundamental physics to be unveiled. One candidate is classical chaos on which the coupling model is based, Universal properties predicted by this model are in accord with diverse experiments and simulations.
文摘文章目的在于引起国内研究团体对一系列复杂相互作用体系中的弛豫和扩散的普适性进行关注.研究发现,无论是不同的化学结构(如无机物、有机物、聚合物、生物分子、胶体、金属和离子导电材料),还是不同的物理状态(如晶态、玻璃态、液体、熔体、混合体系和含水系统),以及不同的尺度(如从块体至纳米),这种普适性无处不在[K.L.Ngai.Relaxation and Diffusion in Complex Systems.NewYork:Springer,2011].该现象起源于多体系统的不可逆过程,取决于一些基本物理定律,与非简谐势引发的经典混沌有关.重新认识这种普适性不仅对众多不同领域的发展有利,而且能进一步弄清楚多体系统中的弛豫与扩散问题——一个重要而又未解决的物理问题.作者提出的耦合模型尽管不是一个严格而完整的答案,但却能够预测多体系统的弛豫和扩散特征,而且与实验结果吻合.基于该模型,绝大多数多体系统中的弛豫与扩散行为是相似的.该模型有望为这一难题的彻底解决奠定基石.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONResponse functions containing infrared divergence effects are given in this paper. These functions assume the same form for NMR relaxation, dielectric loss and internal friction. Except the constant factor, T1-1, X″/βω and Q-1/βω have the same frequency and temperature dependence. Forthermore, in Na β-alumina in three cases, the exponents N of infrared divergence are all equal to 0.7. The theoretical apparent activa-
