本文对龙眼(桂圆)Dimocarpus longan Lour.和龙荔(疯人果)D.confinis(How et Ho)H.SLo的毛被类型和果实形态进行了详尽的比较观察。龙眼的营养和繁殖体上具分枝的星状毛,果皮表面具平滑瘤状或泡状突起;而龙荔的毛被则为单生柔毛或腺毛,...本文对龙眼(桂圆)Dimocarpus longan Lour.和龙荔(疯人果)D.confinis(How et Ho)H.SLo的毛被类型和果实形态进行了详尽的比较观察。龙眼的营养和繁殖体上具分枝的星状毛,果皮表面具平滑瘤状或泡状突起;而龙荔的毛被则为单生柔毛或腺毛,果皮表面具圆锥状小刺。这两个种之间基本没有形态过渡,是分类学上区别明显的种。本文还报道了对商业部门送检样品的鉴定结果。龙眼毛被类型和果实形态在送检样品中均可观察到,而且在这些样品果皮表面未见有组织断裂及破损痕迹,因此,它们不可能是由龙荔果实加工处理的假冒商品,而是真正的桂圆。展开更多
The reproductive biology of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,an energy crop,was investigated through field observation,artifical pollination,anatomical techniques and fluorescence microscopy.Inflorescence buds of X.sorbifolia e...The reproductive biology of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,an energy crop,was investigated through field observation,artifical pollination,anatomical techniques and fluorescence microscopy.Inflorescence buds of X.sorbifolia emerge at the beginning of March and flowers bloom in the following two months in Beijing,China.Flowering of individual trees lasts 25 to 30 days with the peak in the mid and late April.The inflorescence belongs to raceme with 20 to 50 flowers,which develop acropetally.The breeding system of X.sorbifolia is andromonoecious,i.e.,hermaphroditic and male flowers appear on the same individual.Most inflorescences bear entirely male flowers,and a few inflorescences develop varying proportions of male and hermaphroditic flowers.Occasionally male flowers frequency is zero.Male flowers have obviously reduced nonfunctional pistils and are incapable of setting fruit.The pistils of male flower bear ovules prior to abortion.Dehiscence of five anthers in male flowers is asynchronous and anthers of only a few hermaphroditic flowers dehisce to shed pollens at anthesis.Although the pollen grains of both male and hermaphroditic flowers are viable,germination frequency of pollen of the hermaphroditic flowers on stigmas is extremely low.The most commonly observed visiting insects in this study area include honeybees,coccinellids and flies.Stigmas of the hermaphroditic flowers are receptive to self-and cross-pollens during the first 3 days of anthesis.Mature fruits merely come from cross-fertilization while the development of self-pollinated ovaries is arrested soon after initially expanded growth.A free-nuclear endosperm occurs in self-fertilized ovules before abortion.Two-celled proembryoes were occasionally observed in the self-fertilized ovules,but their development did not proceed and they degenerated after several days.This study revealed the trait of self-sterility in X.sorbifolia for the first time.展开更多
Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the immune status and protein synthesis in early-weaned pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate how arginine affects the expression of ...Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the immune status and protein synthesis in early-weaned pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate how arginine affects the expression of key proteins that regulate growth and nutrient transport of jejunum, a total of 12 healthy piglets （21 day-old, similar body weight, Landrace x Yorkshire） delivered by four sows were randomly divided into two groups. Piglets in the test group were reared with feed supplemented L-arginine at a concentration of 6.0 g/kg, while piglets in the control group were fed with feed supplemented L-alanine at a concentration of 12.3 g/kg （isonitrogenous control）. After 7 d, jejunum mucosae was collected and analyzed with the 2-D PAGE MS technology. Compared with the control pigs, arginine decreased the levels of proteins that regulate the protein syn- thesis, intermediary metabolism and tissue growth （ similar to anterior gradient 2 homolog, cyclophilin_ABHJike, hypothetical protein FLJ39502 and tetratrioopeptide repeat domain 16, similar to KIAA0156, mitechondrial ATP synthase, hydrion transporting F1 complex, beta subunit and alpha-tu- bulin ubiquitous isoform 19, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta subunit precursor）. In addition, arginine increased the levels of proteins that are involved in proteolysis and immune response （ PGAM1, T cell receptor beta variable 20, membrane steroid binding protein, similar to myomesin-1, and chain A, structure of pig muscle Pgk complexed with MgATP）. Therefore, arginine influences the immune response and protein synthesis mechanisms as well as improves eady weaned stress syndrome of piglets.展开更多
文摘本文对龙眼(桂圆)Dimocarpus longan Lour.和龙荔(疯人果)D.confinis(How et Ho)H.SLo的毛被类型和果实形态进行了详尽的比较观察。龙眼的营养和繁殖体上具分枝的星状毛,果皮表面具平滑瘤状或泡状突起;而龙荔的毛被则为单生柔毛或腺毛,果皮表面具圆锥状小刺。这两个种之间基本没有形态过渡,是分类学上区别明显的种。本文还报道了对商业部门送检样品的鉴定结果。龙眼毛被类型和果实形态在送检样品中均可观察到,而且在这些样品果皮表面未见有组织断裂及破损痕迹,因此,它们不可能是由龙荔果实加工处理的假冒商品,而是真正的桂圆。
文摘The reproductive biology of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,an energy crop,was investigated through field observation,artifical pollination,anatomical techniques and fluorescence microscopy.Inflorescence buds of X.sorbifolia emerge at the beginning of March and flowers bloom in the following two months in Beijing,China.Flowering of individual trees lasts 25 to 30 days with the peak in the mid and late April.The inflorescence belongs to raceme with 20 to 50 flowers,which develop acropetally.The breeding system of X.sorbifolia is andromonoecious,i.e.,hermaphroditic and male flowers appear on the same individual.Most inflorescences bear entirely male flowers,and a few inflorescences develop varying proportions of male and hermaphroditic flowers.Occasionally male flowers frequency is zero.Male flowers have obviously reduced nonfunctional pistils and are incapable of setting fruit.The pistils of male flower bear ovules prior to abortion.Dehiscence of five anthers in male flowers is asynchronous and anthers of only a few hermaphroditic flowers dehisce to shed pollens at anthesis.Although the pollen grains of both male and hermaphroditic flowers are viable,germination frequency of pollen of the hermaphroditic flowers on stigmas is extremely low.The most commonly observed visiting insects in this study area include honeybees,coccinellids and flies.Stigmas of the hermaphroditic flowers are receptive to self-and cross-pollens during the first 3 days of anthesis.Mature fruits merely come from cross-fertilization while the development of self-pollinated ovaries is arrested soon after initially expanded growth.A free-nuclear endosperm occurs in self-fertilized ovules before abortion.Two-celled proembryoes were occasionally observed in the self-fertilized ovules,but their development did not proceed and they degenerated after several days.This study revealed the trait of self-sterility in X.sorbifolia for the first time.
基金Supported by grants from the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences ( KSCX2-YW-N-051 and SW-323)NSFC(30901040, 30901041, 30928018, 30828025, 30700581, and 30771558 )+2 种基金National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118800)National 863 Project ( 2008AA10Z316)National Scientific and Technological Supporting Project(2007BAQ01047 and 2006BAD12B07)~~
文摘Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the immune status and protein synthesis in early-weaned pigs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate how arginine affects the expression of key proteins that regulate growth and nutrient transport of jejunum, a total of 12 healthy piglets （21 day-old, similar body weight, Landrace x Yorkshire） delivered by four sows were randomly divided into two groups. Piglets in the test group were reared with feed supplemented L-arginine at a concentration of 6.0 g/kg, while piglets in the control group were fed with feed supplemented L-alanine at a concentration of 12.3 g/kg （isonitrogenous control）. After 7 d, jejunum mucosae was collected and analyzed with the 2-D PAGE MS technology. Compared with the control pigs, arginine decreased the levels of proteins that regulate the protein syn- thesis, intermediary metabolism and tissue growth （ similar to anterior gradient 2 homolog, cyclophilin_ABHJike, hypothetical protein FLJ39502 and tetratrioopeptide repeat domain 16, similar to KIAA0156, mitechondrial ATP synthase, hydrion transporting F1 complex, beta subunit and alpha-tu- bulin ubiquitous isoform 19, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta subunit precursor）. In addition, arginine increased the levels of proteins that are involved in proteolysis and immune response （ PGAM1, T cell receptor beta variable 20, membrane steroid binding protein, similar to myomesin-1, and chain A, structure of pig muscle Pgk complexed with MgATP）. Therefore, arginine influences the immune response and protein synthesis mechanisms as well as improves eady weaned stress syndrome of piglets.
