本文介绍了台湾地区常用的7个语言功能评估工具,为学术界及临床实务界提供参考。具体包括①学前儿童语言障碍评量表;②国小儿童语言能力评量工具;③修订毕保德图画词汇测验;④幼儿语言发展评量表;⑤学前发展性课程评量:语言沟通领域,⑥...本文介绍了台湾地区常用的7个语言功能评估工具,为学术界及临床实务界提供参考。具体包括①学前儿童语言障碍评量表;②国小儿童语言能力评量工具;③修订毕保德图画词汇测验;④幼儿语言发展评量表;⑤学前发展性课程评量:语言沟通领域,⑥中文色块测验(mandarin token test,MTT);⑦华语学龄儿童沟通及语言能力测验(test of communication and language ability for school-age children in Chinese,TCLA)。笔者同时提出研发我国不同地区语言评估工具面临的挑战。展开更多
Objective： Most of published studies emphasized the medical cost of treating chemotherapy-induced anemia （CIA） by using specific agents, for example, epoetin α, epoetin β, darbepoetin α or combined with red bloo...Objective： Most of published studies emphasized the medical cost of treating chemotherapy-induced anemia （CIA） by using specific agents, for example, epoetin α, epoetin β, darbepoetin α or combined with red blood cell transfusions, however, the investigation of the overall medical resources utilizations and economic burden of CIA is still limited. Besides, such studies which emphasized Chinese population still lack. The aim of this study is to investigate the medical resource utilization and the economic burden of Chinese cancer patients with CIA by using a populational representative claim database. Methods： The data for this study are from the 2000-2003 Population Health Insurance Research Database （PHIRD） in Taiwan. On the basis of issuing catastrophic illness cards in the enrollment data files, a total of 26,053 beneficiaries were identified from the PHIRD, who were newly diagnosed with these four cancers in 2001 and 2002 （2001： n=12,954; 2002： n=13099）. A generalized linear model （GLM） was employed for analyzing the differences of medical resource utilization and economic burden between the anemic and non-anemic groups. Results： Analyses showed that the anemic patients were significantly more likely to have longer length of hospital stay than non-anemic patients （P〈0.05） across all these four cancers and in two study periods （except women breast cancer in 2002/03）. As regards the health care expenditures, the average one-year total medical cost was USD$8,982 （2001/02） and USD$8,990 （2002/03） for anemic patients among these four cancers, and USD$7,769 （2001/02） and USD$7713 （2002/03） for non-anemic patients （P〈0.0001）. As for ambulatory costs, anemic patients＇ was significantly higher than non-anemic patients＇ for lung cancer （in 2001/02）, women breast cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002103） and the summarized data （in 2001/02）. As for inpatient costs, anemic patients＇ was significantly higher than non-anemic patients＇ for gastric cancer （in 2002/03）, colon and rectal cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）, lung cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）, women breast cancer （in 2001/02） and the summarized data （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）. Conclusion： This study is the first study to demonstrate that cancer patients who receive chemotherapy and with anemia utilize more medical resources and have heavier economic burden among Chinese cancer patients. Although the Population Health Insurance Program in Taiwan was established to provide more low-burdened medical care for all cancer patients, further effort is still needed to reduce the economic burden for cancer patients who have specific complications.展开更多
文摘本文介绍了台湾地区常用的7个语言功能评估工具,为学术界及临床实务界提供参考。具体包括①学前儿童语言障碍评量表;②国小儿童语言能力评量工具;③修订毕保德图画词汇测验;④幼儿语言发展评量表;⑤学前发展性课程评量:语言沟通领域,⑥中文色块测验(mandarin token test,MTT);⑦华语学龄儿童沟通及语言能力测验(test of communication and language ability for school-age children in Chinese,TCLA)。笔者同时提出研发我国不同地区语言评估工具面临的挑战。
文摘Objective： Most of published studies emphasized the medical cost of treating chemotherapy-induced anemia （CIA） by using specific agents, for example, epoetin α, epoetin β, darbepoetin α or combined with red blood cell transfusions, however, the investigation of the overall medical resources utilizations and economic burden of CIA is still limited. Besides, such studies which emphasized Chinese population still lack. The aim of this study is to investigate the medical resource utilization and the economic burden of Chinese cancer patients with CIA by using a populational representative claim database. Methods： The data for this study are from the 2000-2003 Population Health Insurance Research Database （PHIRD） in Taiwan. On the basis of issuing catastrophic illness cards in the enrollment data files, a total of 26,053 beneficiaries were identified from the PHIRD, who were newly diagnosed with these four cancers in 2001 and 2002 （2001： n=12,954; 2002： n=13099）. A generalized linear model （GLM） was employed for analyzing the differences of medical resource utilization and economic burden between the anemic and non-anemic groups. Results： Analyses showed that the anemic patients were significantly more likely to have longer length of hospital stay than non-anemic patients （P〈0.05） across all these four cancers and in two study periods （except women breast cancer in 2002/03）. As regards the health care expenditures, the average one-year total medical cost was USD$8,982 （2001/02） and USD$8,990 （2002/03） for anemic patients among these four cancers, and USD$7,769 （2001/02） and USD$7713 （2002/03） for non-anemic patients （P〈0.0001）. As for ambulatory costs, anemic patients＇ was significantly higher than non-anemic patients＇ for lung cancer （in 2001/02）, women breast cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002103） and the summarized data （in 2001/02）. As for inpatient costs, anemic patients＇ was significantly higher than non-anemic patients＇ for gastric cancer （in 2002/03）, colon and rectal cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）, lung cancer （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）, women breast cancer （in 2001/02） and the summarized data （in 2001/02 and 2002/03）. Conclusion： This study is the first study to demonstrate that cancer patients who receive chemotherapy and with anemia utilize more medical resources and have heavier economic burden among Chinese cancer patients. Although the Population Health Insurance Program in Taiwan was established to provide more low-burdened medical care for all cancer patients, further effort is still needed to reduce the economic burden for cancer patients who have specific complications.
