良渚文化礼仪用玉的文化特征

Liangzhu Culture,with its outstanding jade products,is one of the most developed Neolithic cultures in the Lower Yangzi River Valley. The author names the famous animal mask on the Liangzhu ritual jade cong tube as "ancestor deity design"and believes that it represents the totem worship and ancestor worship and then discusses the function of the other ritual jades.

从殷墟卜辞中的祭祀方式变化看商代祖神观念

商代的祖神祭祀有两个主要特点:其一,祭祀方式从无序到有序变化;其二,祭祀对象逐渐以直系近祖为重,其中又尤为重视上两代祖先。这种现象与其背后所蕴藏的商人祖神崇拜的心理活动具有直接的关系,是宗教思维主体意识逐步增强的结果。此外,卜辞作为一种问卜形式,其卜问事项、卜问语气、卜问意图都反映宗教思维中崇拜主体的心理倾向。