提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气...提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气孔导度模型与双源蒸散发模型,从WUE系数及气孔导度2方面研究水–碳耦合机制.研究结果表明:不考虑水–碳耦合关系导致模拟蒸散发偏高、模拟总初级生产力偏大,气孔导度的增加抑制水分利用效率的提高,其抑制效应随气孔导度的增加趋于平稳;日退耦系数在夏季达到最大,年平均退耦系数为0.1左右.在北京森林站群体水平上,相对于光合速率,蒸腾速率对气孔导度的下降较为敏感,导致WUE随气孔导度的下降而降低.对北京森林站地区水–碳耦合机制的研究,可为其生态系统管理与调控提供依据.展开更多
The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are...The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are identified through a bibliometric analysis, and the challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed and summarized. Most climate models adopt the one-dimensional (vertical) land surface parameterization, which does not include a detailed description of basin-scale hydrological processes, particularly the effects of human activities on the underlying surfaces. To understand the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and climate change, a large number of studies focused on the climate feedback effects of hydrological processes at different spatio-temporal scales, mainly through the coupling of hydrological and climate models. The improvement of the parameterization of hydrological process and the development of large-scale hydrological model in land surface process model lay a foundation for terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling simulation, based on which, the study of terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling is evolving from the traditional unidirectional coupling research to the two-way coupling study of "climate-hydrology" feedback. However, studies of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations (also called atmosphere-hydrology two-way coupling) are far from mature. The main challenges associated with these studies are: improving the potential mismatch in hydrological models and climate models; improving the stability of coupled systems; developing an effective scale conversion scheme; perfecting the parameterization scheme; evaluating parameter uncertainties; developing effective methodology for model parameter transplanting; and improving the applicability of models and high/super-resolution simulation. Solving these problems and improving simulation accuracy are directions for future hydro-climate coupling simulation research.展开更多
文摘提高植被的水分利用效率(water use efficiency, WUE)可以在一定程度上缓解水资源短缺,如何提高WUE依赖于对生态系统水–碳循环耦合机制的深入理解.以北京森林站为例,基于时变增益模型(times lariant gain model,TVGM)耦合光合作用–气孔导度模型与双源蒸散发模型,从WUE系数及气孔导度2方面研究水–碳耦合机制.研究结果表明:不考虑水–碳耦合关系导致模拟蒸散发偏高、模拟总初级生产力偏大,气孔导度的增加抑制水分利用效率的提高,其抑制效应随气孔导度的增加趋于平稳;日退耦系数在夏季达到最大,年平均退耦系数为0.1左右.在北京森林站群体水平上,相对于光合速率,蒸腾速率对气孔导度的下降较为敏感,导致WUE随气孔导度的下降而降低.对北京森林站地区水–碳耦合机制的研究,可为其生态系统管理与调控提供依据.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFA0603702National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571019,No.41701023,No.41571028China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2017M610867
文摘The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are identified through a bibliometric analysis, and the challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed and summarized. Most climate models adopt the one-dimensional (vertical) land surface parameterization, which does not include a detailed description of basin-scale hydrological processes, particularly the effects of human activities on the underlying surfaces. To understand the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and climate change, a large number of studies focused on the climate feedback effects of hydrological processes at different spatio-temporal scales, mainly through the coupling of hydrological and climate models. The improvement of the parameterization of hydrological process and the development of large-scale hydrological model in land surface process model lay a foundation for terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling simulation, based on which, the study of terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling is evolving from the traditional unidirectional coupling research to the two-way coupling study of "climate-hydrology" feedback. However, studies of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations (also called atmosphere-hydrology two-way coupling) are far from mature. The main challenges associated with these studies are: improving the potential mismatch in hydrological models and climate models; improving the stability of coupled systems; developing an effective scale conversion scheme; perfecting the parameterization scheme; evaluating parameter uncertainties; developing effective methodology for model parameter transplanting; and improving the applicability of models and high/super-resolution simulation. Solving these problems and improving simulation accuracy are directions for future hydro-climate coupling simulation research.
