化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,...化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,也是哺乳动物化学通讯过程中重要的信号来源之一。在种内、种间信息交流的过程中,动物通过尿液能够传递个体、性别、年龄等讯息,以达到性别识别、性选择、告警、领域标记等目的,此过程对物种的生存、繁衍至关重要(Zhang et al.,2008;Zhang et al.,2019;鲜义坤等,2019;侯东敏等,2020)。展开更多
Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation ...Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation has not yet been addressed. We analyzed seasonal variation of microscopic indices of hair and skin of adult Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass) from the Tonghe forest area of the Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Heilongjiang. Skins from 8 males and 8 females were collected from summer (July to September), and an additional 8 male and 8 females skins were collected from winter (November to December )(i.e., n=32). Morphological indexes included length and width of guard hair, cuticular scale patterns of guard hair, external and cross-section form of guard hair, and medullary characteristics. We found significant differences between winter and summer coat hair density, hair length, and proportion of medulla-absent part of guard hair. We discuss the adaptive mechanism of this seasonal variation.展开更多
Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper...Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper-hairs from the hind-claw were collected and subjected to morphological examination of scale pattern using electron scanning microscopy. All the hairs were measured for indices including hair length, medulla length, hair follicle length, hair diameter, medulla diameter,and hair root diameter using biological microscope system H6303i, and then medulla length index (ratio of medulla length to hair length) and medulla index (ratio of medulla diameter to hair diameter) were calculated. The statistical results showed that the length of guard hairs from the mid-back was 33.50±0.52 mm in males and 28.85±0.28 mm in females, the average of medulla length index was 95.36% in males and 95.16% in females, and the average of medulla index was 79.41% in male and 80.68% in females. All these indices were significantly larger than those of upper-hairs from hind-claw (P<0.05). Such morphological structure characters of guard hairs from mid-back favor heat insulation properties and those of upper-hair from hind-claw enhance the function of protection.The for the upper-hair from the hind-claw, the hair follicle length was 0.91±0.05 mm in male and 0.79±0.10 mm in female, hair root diameter was 86.0±3.7μm in male and 71.9±3.1μm in female, the ratio of the length with irregular-wave scales and regular imbricate scales to the hair length is 100% in both male and female. All these indices were significantly larger than those of guard hairs from the mid-back (P<0.05) and such morphological structure characters enhance the function of protection further. The functional differentiation between guard hairs from mid-back and upper-hairs from hind-claw make the weasels more adaptable to a cold environment with complex vegetation form.展开更多
文摘化学通讯在哺乳动物的诸多生命活动中起到重要作用,包括个体识别、社会交流、社会等级划分、交配繁殖等(侯东敏等,2020)。针对夜行性哺乳动物,化学通讯对其社会行为的调节作用尤为明显(Macdonald,1985)。尿液是动物机体新陈代谢的产物,也是哺乳动物化学通讯过程中重要的信号来源之一。在种内、种间信息交流的过程中,动物通过尿液能够传递个体、性别、年龄等讯息,以达到性别识别、性选择、告警、领域标记等目的,此过程对物种的生存、繁衍至关重要(Zhang et al.,2008;Zhang et al.,2019;鲜义坤等,2019;侯东敏等,2020)。
文摘Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation has not yet been addressed. We analyzed seasonal variation of microscopic indices of hair and skin of adult Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass) from the Tonghe forest area of the Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Heilongjiang. Skins from 8 males and 8 females were collected from summer (July to September), and an additional 8 male and 8 females skins were collected from winter (November to December )(i.e., n=32). Morphological indexes included length and width of guard hair, cuticular scale patterns of guard hair, external and cross-section form of guard hair, and medullary characteristics. We found significant differences between winter and summer coat hair density, hair length, and proportion of medulla-absent part of guard hair. We discuss the adaptive mechanism of this seasonal variation.
文摘Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper-hairs from the hind-claw were collected and subjected to morphological examination of scale pattern using electron scanning microscopy. All the hairs were measured for indices including hair length, medulla length, hair follicle length, hair diameter, medulla diameter,and hair root diameter using biological microscope system H6303i, and then medulla length index (ratio of medulla length to hair length) and medulla index (ratio of medulla diameter to hair diameter) were calculated. The statistical results showed that the length of guard hairs from the mid-back was 33.50±0.52 mm in males and 28.85±0.28 mm in females, the average of medulla length index was 95.36% in males and 95.16% in females, and the average of medulla index was 79.41% in male and 80.68% in females. All these indices were significantly larger than those of upper-hairs from hind-claw (P<0.05). Such morphological structure characters of guard hairs from mid-back favor heat insulation properties and those of upper-hair from hind-claw enhance the function of protection.The for the upper-hair from the hind-claw, the hair follicle length was 0.91±0.05 mm in male and 0.79±0.10 mm in female, hair root diameter was 86.0±3.7μm in male and 71.9±3.1μm in female, the ratio of the length with irregular-wave scales and regular imbricate scales to the hair length is 100% in both male and female. All these indices were significantly larger than those of guard hairs from the mid-back (P<0.05) and such morphological structure characters enhance the function of protection further. The functional differentiation between guard hairs from mid-back and upper-hairs from hind-claw make the weasels more adaptable to a cold environment with complex vegetation form.
