Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation ...Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation has not yet been addressed. We analyzed seasonal variation of microscopic indices of hair and skin of adult Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass) from the Tonghe forest area of the Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Heilongjiang. Skins from 8 males and 8 females were collected from summer (July to September), and an additional 8 male and 8 females skins were collected from winter (November to December )(i.e., n=32). Morphological indexes included length and width of guard hair, cuticular scale patterns of guard hair, external and cross-section form of guard hair, and medullary characteristics. We found significant differences between winter and summer coat hair density, hair length, and proportion of medulla-absent part of guard hair. We discuss the adaptive mechanism of this seasonal variation.展开更多
Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper...Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper-hairs from the hind-claw were collected and subjected to morphological examination of scale pattern using electron scanning microscopy. All the hairs were measured for indices including hair length, medulla length, hair follicle length, hair diameter, medulla diameter,and hair root diameter using biological microscope system H6303i, and then medulla length index (ratio of medulla length to hair length) and medulla index (ratio of medulla diameter to hair diameter) were calculated. The statistical results showed that the length of guard hairs from the mid-back was 33.50±0.52 mm in males and 28.85±0.28 mm in females, the average of medulla length index was 95.36% in males and 95.16% in females, and the average of medulla index was 79.41% in male and 80.68% in females. All these indices were significantly larger than those of upper-hairs from hind-claw (P<0.05). Such morphological structure characters of guard hairs from mid-back favor heat insulation properties and those of upper-hair from hind-claw enhance the function of protection.The for the upper-hair from the hind-claw, the hair follicle length was 0.91±0.05 mm in male and 0.79±0.10 mm in female, hair root diameter was 86.0±3.7μm in male and 71.9±3.1μm in female, the ratio of the length with irregular-wave scales and regular imbricate scales to the hair length is 100% in both male and female. All these indices were significantly larger than those of guard hairs from the mid-back (P<0.05) and such morphological structure characters enhance the function of protection further. The functional differentiation between guard hairs from mid-back and upper-hairs from hind-claw make the weasels more adaptable to a cold environment with complex vegetation form.展开更多
Down hairs were sampled from twenty two winter skins of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). For each individual,5 down hairs were collected from each sampling site including vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock,mid...Down hairs were sampled from twenty two winter skins of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). For each individual,5 down hairs were collected from each sampling site including vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock,mid-belly,tail,forelimb and hindlimb and subjected to morphological examination. Morphological indices of the hairs were measured,including hair curled length,hair uncurled length,hair diameter,scale height,scale width,longitudinal scale density,and then crimp ratio and scale aspect ratio were calculated. The results indicated that scales throughout the hair shaft were coronal type,like overlay of cups. The hair diameter in all sampling sites was between 11.69±1.25 μm and 12.41±0.79 μm. Both the curled length and uncurled length of the hairs on vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock and midbelly were significantly longer than on tail and limbs (P<0.05). Crimp ratio varied between 11.62±2.78% and 19.79±3.22%,and crimp ratio on vertex was significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05). Scale height varied between 20.55±4.79 μm and 25.58±5.86 μm,and scale height on limbs was significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale widths ranged from 10.09±1.49 μm to 11.33±1.98 μm amongst all sampling sites. Scale widths on vertex and hind limb were significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale aspect ratio varied between 2.15±0.60 and 2.56±0.81,where the ratio on mid-back were significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05); The longitudinal scale density ranged from 38±3 scales/mm to 46±9 scales/mm,where the tail was significantly higher than other sites except hind limb (P<0.05). Morphological characteristics of down hairs of Tibetan antelope and their differentiation in different body sites are to meet the different functional requirements.展开更多
文摘Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation has not yet been addressed. We analyzed seasonal variation of microscopic indices of hair and skin of adult Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass) from the Tonghe forest area of the Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Heilongjiang. Skins from 8 males and 8 females were collected from summer (July to September), and an additional 8 male and 8 females skins were collected from winter (November to December )(i.e., n=32). Morphological indexes included length and width of guard hair, cuticular scale patterns of guard hair, external and cross-section form of guard hair, and medullary characteristics. We found significant differences between winter and summer coat hair density, hair length, and proportion of medulla-absent part of guard hair. We discuss the adaptive mechanism of this seasonal variation.
文摘Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper-hairs from the hind-claw were collected and subjected to morphological examination of scale pattern using electron scanning microscopy. All the hairs were measured for indices including hair length, medulla length, hair follicle length, hair diameter, medulla diameter,and hair root diameter using biological microscope system H6303i, and then medulla length index (ratio of medulla length to hair length) and medulla index (ratio of medulla diameter to hair diameter) were calculated. The statistical results showed that the length of guard hairs from the mid-back was 33.50±0.52 mm in males and 28.85±0.28 mm in females, the average of medulla length index was 95.36% in males and 95.16% in females, and the average of medulla index was 79.41% in male and 80.68% in females. All these indices were significantly larger than those of upper-hairs from hind-claw (P<0.05). Such morphological structure characters of guard hairs from mid-back favor heat insulation properties and those of upper-hair from hind-claw enhance the function of protection.The for the upper-hair from the hind-claw, the hair follicle length was 0.91±0.05 mm in male and 0.79±0.10 mm in female, hair root diameter was 86.0±3.7μm in male and 71.9±3.1μm in female, the ratio of the length with irregular-wave scales and regular imbricate scales to the hair length is 100% in both male and female. All these indices were significantly larger than those of guard hairs from the mid-back (P<0.05) and such morphological structure characters enhance the function of protection further. The functional differentiation between guard hairs from mid-back and upper-hairs from hind-claw make the weasels more adaptable to a cold environment with complex vegetation form.
文摘Down hairs were sampled from twenty two winter skins of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). For each individual,5 down hairs were collected from each sampling site including vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock,mid-belly,tail,forelimb and hindlimb and subjected to morphological examination. Morphological indices of the hairs were measured,including hair curled length,hair uncurled length,hair diameter,scale height,scale width,longitudinal scale density,and then crimp ratio and scale aspect ratio were calculated. The results indicated that scales throughout the hair shaft were coronal type,like overlay of cups. The hair diameter in all sampling sites was between 11.69±1.25 μm and 12.41±0.79 μm. Both the curled length and uncurled length of the hairs on vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock and midbelly were significantly longer than on tail and limbs (P<0.05). Crimp ratio varied between 11.62±2.78% and 19.79±3.22%,and crimp ratio on vertex was significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05). Scale height varied between 20.55±4.79 μm and 25.58±5.86 μm,and scale height on limbs was significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale widths ranged from 10.09±1.49 μm to 11.33±1.98 μm amongst all sampling sites. Scale widths on vertex and hind limb were significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale aspect ratio varied between 2.15±0.60 and 2.56±0.81,where the ratio on mid-back were significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05); The longitudinal scale density ranged from 38±3 scales/mm to 46±9 scales/mm,where the tail was significantly higher than other sites except hind limb (P<0.05). Morphological characteristics of down hairs of Tibetan antelope and their differentiation in different body sites are to meet the different functional requirements.
