通过添加微量元素实现的窄结晶区间Al-2Mg-0.5Mn合金的显微组织与性能

Al-Mg系合金由于大的结晶温度区间,其表面会在连铸连轧生产过程中形成较多缺陷。为了减小合金的结晶区间,研究微量Zn、Si、Zr和Ti元素对Al-2Mg-0.5Mn合金显微组织与性能的影响。采用X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对合金的显微组织进行表征。Ti和Zr的添加可以在Al-Mg-Mn合金内部形成Al_(3)Ti和Al3Zr,使得其晶粒更细、强度更高,但是其结晶区间也随之变大。研究表明,添加Zn和Si能与合金内部的Mg形成新的第二相,从而使得共晶凝固过程中的实际Mg含量降低,因此,Al-2Mg-0.5Mn-0.2Zn-0.2Si合金的结晶温度区间比Al-2Mg-0.5Mn合金的窄。另外,添加Zn和Si后,Al-2Mg-0.5Mn合金的力学性能与抗腐蚀性也得到一定程度的提升。

时效处理对含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用恒温浸泡法、极化曲线测试、慢应变速率拉伸试验、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析手段,研究时效处理对含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明:合金在自然时效态下具有较差的抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力;合金腐蚀敏感性随着时效制度的变化由小到大的顺序为:T73时效,T6时效,欠时效,自然时效。经极化曲线测试分析,合金的腐蚀性能呈现相同趋势。在同一慢应变拉伸速率下,T73时效态的应力腐蚀敏感性相比T6时效态低;在相同时效状态下,应变速率为1.33×10 6s 1的应力腐蚀敏感性相比6.67×10 6s 1的高。合金的腐蚀敏感性与时效析出相(MgZn2)尺寸、分布及无沉淀析出带(PFZ)有关,在T6时效态下,晶界析出相连续的链状分布导致腐蚀敏感性大;同时,晶界析出相的粗化、不连续分布和无沉淀析出带的宽化,使得T73时效态的腐蚀敏感性显著降低。

Microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloy with trace amount of Sc during homogenization treatment

The microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloy with trace amount of Sc during homogenization treatment was studied by means of metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results show that serious dendritic segregation exists in studied alloy ingot. There are many eutectic phases with low melting-point at grain boundary and the distribution of main elements along interdendritic region varies periodically. Elements Zn, Mg and Cu distribute unevenly from grain boundary to the inside of alloy. With increasing the homogenization temperature or prolonging the holding time, the residual phases are dissolved into matrix α（Al） gradually during homogenization treatment, all elements become more homogenized. The overburnt temperature of studied alloy is 476.7 °C. When homogenization temperature increases to 480 °C, some spherical phases and redissolved triangular constituents at grain boundaries can be easily observed. Combined with microstructural evolution and differential scanning calorimeter, the optimum homogenization parameter is at 470 °C for 24 h.

双级时效对含Sc的Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸实验(SSR_T)、晶间腐蚀试验、剥落腐蚀实验、室温力学性能测试、电导率测试、维氏硬度测量和透射电子显微分析等手段对2.5 mm厚Al-5.4Zn-2.0Mg-0.25Sc-0.1Zr合金板材在双级时效下的抗应力腐蚀性能(SCC)、抗晶间腐蚀性能(IGC)、抗剥落腐蚀性能(EC)、力学性能、电学性能、显微组织结构及其演变规律进行研究。研究结果表明:合金较适宜的双级时效工艺为120℃/6 h+140℃/20 h,在此工艺条件下合金的抗拉强度R_m、屈服强度R_p、伸长率A和电导率γ分别为553 MPa,534 MPa,12.0%和22.3 MS/m,双级时效后合金晶内为弥散分布的亚稳定强化相η′-MgZn_2,晶界出现粗大不连续分布的平衡相η-MgZn_2,还伴有明显宽化的无沉淀析出带。与单级峰值时效(120℃/24 h)相比,合金晶间腐蚀倾向减小,具有良好的抗剥落腐蚀性能,剥蚀等级为中等剥落腐蚀(EB)级,具有良好的抗应力腐蚀性能。

Microstructural evolution during homogenization of DC cast 7085 aluminum alloy

The microstructural evolution of a DC cast 7085 alloy during homogenization treatment was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that serious dendritic segregation existed in the as-cast 7085 alloy. Numerous eutectic microstructures and phases were observed at the grain boundary. During homogenization process, eutecticα(Al)+T(AlZnMgCu) microstructure gradually was dissolved into matrix. IntermetallicS(Al2CuMg) phase formed and grew along the eutectic microstructure and disappeared into the matrix completely when it was homogenized at 460 °C for 24 h. It could be found that the evolution of primary eutectic structure of 7085 alloy consisted of three processes, dissolution of eutecticα+T microstructure, phase transformation fromT phase toS phase and the dissolution ofS phase. The optimum homogenization parameter was at 470 °C for 24 h.

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金冷轧板材的超塑性变形行为

在温度450~520℃和1.67×10^(-3)~1.00×10^(-1)s^(-1)。初始应变速率条件下对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金冷轧板材进行拉伸实验,研究该合金的超塑性流变行为,探讨其超塑性变形机理。结果表明:随着变形温度的升高,伸长率先增加后减小,在500℃和初始应变速率6.67×10^(-3)s^(-1)条件下获得的最大伸长率为740%。合金的应变速率敏感因子为0.40,激活能为101 kJ/mol;在超塑性变形过程中,合金组织发生明显的动态再结晶,使原始纤维状晶粒等轴化;Al_3(Sc,Zr)粒子可有效钉扎晶界,抑制晶粒长大;超塑性变形过程的主要变形机制为晶界滑移,协调机制为晶界扩散控制的位错蠕变。

激光选区熔化成形制备高强Al-Mg-Sc合金的组织与性能

通过综合分析硬度、电导率与拉伸性能等宏观特性及微观形貌特征,探讨激光选区熔化成形(selective laser melting,SLM)工艺参数与后期时效处理对SLM制备Al-3.4Mg-1.08Sc合金的微观组织、过饱和度及第二相析出行为的影响机理。利用致密度与硬度的变化规律,最终优化得到最佳的SLM工艺参数与时效制度。结果表明:实验制备的Al-Mg-Sc合金的微观组织由超细等轴晶及其周围相对较粗的柱状晶组成,合金在金相显微镜下可观察到熔池堆叠的形貌特征;Al-Mg-Sc合金在基板温度35℃下最佳的SLM制备工艺为扫描速率1600 mm/s、激光功率370 W。300℃下最佳时效时长为12 h,经过峰时效处理后实验合金的屈服强度可达479.0 MPa。在SLM快速冷却条件下,Al-Mg-Sc合金内部形成过饱和固溶体,在制备与热处理过程中析出大量的纳米级Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子,使得Al-Mg-Sc合金具备优异的力学性能;细晶强化与第二相强化是SLM制备Al-Mg-Sc合金展现出优异性能的主要原因。

Effect of ultrasonic field on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast 7085 aluminum alloy

The effect of an ultrasonic field on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7085 aluminum alloy during solidification was investigated by optical microscopy, Vickers hardness test, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and electron probe micro-analysis （EPMA）. The results showed that the grains of aluminum alloy were significantly refined and secondary phases were dispersed and distributed uniformly at the grain boundaries, due to ultrasonic treatment （UST）. By EPMA, it was observed that the distribution of the main elements A1, Zn, Mg and Cu was more homogeneous in alloys with UST, than in alloys without UST. The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy also significantly improved. As demonstrated by the SEM fractography of the fractured faces of several castings, fracture of the unrefined specimens occurred in a brittle manner, whereas the cracks of the refined specimens showed quasi-cleavage fracture.

Effect of platform temperature on microstructure and corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Al-Mg-Sc alloy plate

The Al-3.40Mg-1.08Sc alloy plates were manufactured by selective laser melting(SLM) at platform temperatures of 35 ℃ and 200 ℃, respectively, and the corrosion performance of them was studied along height direction. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy plate built at platform temperature of 35 ℃ along height direction is basically the same due to a uniform microstructure;While the corrosion resistance of the alloy plate built at platform temperature of 200 ℃ along height direction is different. The evolution of microstructure and the distribution of secondary phases are investigated, and the results show that the Cu-rich phases in alloy play a key role on corrosion performance. At higher platform temperature, the cooling rate is relative slow and a certain degree of in situ ageing leads to the significantly different distribution of Cu-rich phases along grain boundary. Specimens built at the platform temperature of 200 ℃ are inclined to locate at the crossed grain boundary, rather than continuous segregation of Cu-rich phases along grain boundary that is built at platform temperature of 35 ℃. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of Al-3.40Mg-1.08Sc alloy plate manufactured at platform temperature of 200 ℃ is higher, and presents a gradually decreasing trend along height direction.

钢-铝板材无钉铆接接头的质量检测研究

对0.7 mm厚度的SAE1004钢板和1.0 mm厚度的AA6111-T4铝板进行了无钉铆接,采用底部厚度和电阻增量检测法对其接头质量进行了检测。结果表明,接头质量的底部厚度检测法可反映材料变形程度,但对铝板预应变引起的负面影响不敏感。接头的电阻也能够反映材料的变形程度,但接头电阻增量与连接强度之间具有更明确的对应关系。当连接强度因为材料变形阻力的增加而减小时,电阻增量也会因为材料初始电阻的上升而下降。因此,接头的电阻增量法是无钉铆接接头质量检测中更适当的参考量。