X光弯晶成像金属薄膜面密度测量技术

针对靶用高Z金属薄膜的无损检测需求,提出了一种通过超环面弯晶聚焦型X光单能成像器件,实现金属薄膜均匀性及面密度等参数精确标定的测量技术。该技术即通过高通量、高单能性成像,定量获取薄膜X光透过率及其空间分布,有效提升了面密度测量的精度,同时实现了对其均匀性的高空间分辨评估。从总体方案设计、元器件制备和测试实验等方面开展了深入研究,并评估了各种可能因素对测量不确定度的影响。所发展的超环面弯晶成像系统针对20 keV级的高能X射线在mm尺度内实现了优于5μm的微区分辨,能谱分辨达到几eV。通过泡沫金样品面密度测量实验证明了技术可行性,相对不确定度优于2%。研究结果为激光惯性约束聚变高Z靶材料的精密无损检测提供了一种新的测量技术,并有望应用于其他需要大视场、高空谱分辨成像的需求领域。

High-resolution x-ray monochromatic imaging for laser plasma diagnostics based on toroidal crystal

Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information.Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron(Fe XXV)Kαcharacteristic line(6.701 keV)for laser plasma diagnostics was achieved using a developed toroidal crystal x-ray imager.A high-index crystal orientation Ge(531)wafer with a Bragg angle of 75.37°and the toroidal substrate were selected to obtain sufficient diffraction efficiency and compensate for astigmatism under oblique incidence.A precise offline assembly method of the toroidal crystal imager based on energy substitution was proposed,and a spatial resolution of 3-7μm was obtained by toroidal crystal imaging of a 600 line-pairs/inch Au grid within an object field of view larger than 1.0 mm.The toroidal crystal x-ray imager has been successfully tested via side-on backlight imaging experiments of the sinusoidal modulation target and a 1000 line-pairs/inch Au grid with a linewidth of 5μm using an online alignment method based on dual positioning balls to indicate the target and backlighter.This paper describes the optical design,adjustment method,and experimental results of a toroidal crystal system in a laboratory and laser facility.

基于球面弯晶聚焦结构的桌面型单能X射线源设计及实验

提出了一种采用球面弯晶聚焦结构获得高亮度桌面型单能X射线的方法。在子午方向利用晶体色散实现单能、在弧矢方向通过球面镜聚焦提高光强。理论建模和光学仿真评估了该结构的色散和聚焦性能,验证了球面弯晶聚焦结构相对于柱面弯晶在聚焦特性上的显著优势。针对Al靶Kα1线单能需求,设计和装调了基于低功率Al靶X射线管的单能装置,并实验验证了其性能。结果显示,当X射线管工作在7 W功率条件下,CCD曝光10 min,Al靶Kα1线全视场光谱的探测器计数大于2×105,能谱展宽约为0.592 eV;引入200μm限束光阑,能谱展宽进一步减小至0.493 eV,探测器计数约为2×104。研究结果证实了该装置可以有效获得高亮度Al靶Kα1谱线,也为精确测量光学器件和系统的光谱特性提供了一种新的获得高亮度单能X射线的技术途径。

High-resolution Mo KαX-ray monochromatic backlight imaging using a toroidal crystal

Curved crystal imaging is an important means of plasma diagnosis.Due to the short wavelengths of high-energy X rays and the fixed lattice constant of the spherical crystal,it is difficult to apply the spherical crystal in high-energy X-ray imaging.In this study,we have developed a high-energy,high-resolution X-ray imager based on a toroidal crystal that can effectively correct astigmatism.We prepared a Ge<511>toroidal crystal for backlighting Mo Kα1 characteristic lines(∼17.48 keV)and verified its high-resolution imaging ability in high-energy X-ray region,achieving a spatial resolution of 5–10μm in a field of view larger than 1.0 mm.

激光惯性约束聚变X射线诊断用多通道Kirkpatrick-Baez成像系统研究进展

在激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究中,涉及X射线时间、空间和能谱信息的等离子体诊断能够为数值模拟提供关键的实验数据支撑,有效推进对ICF关键物理问题的认识。以Kirkpatrick-Baez(KB)结构为代表的多通道掠入射系统是实现高分辨X射线时空成像的重要手段,在ICF诊断研究中有着广泛的应用。主要介绍了高分辨多通道KB成像系统的发展历史,梳理和分析了KB系统研制的瓶颈问题,在此基础上重点展示了国内近年来在基于多层膜光学的多通道KB诊断系统研制方面取得的研究进展。随着精密薄膜器件和掠入射X射线光学集成等关键技术的突破,多通道多层膜KB成像系统已经在我国ICF诊断研究中得到广泛应用,有力保障了国内ICF研究单位相关物理实验的开展。