三维边角前方交会在大坝防浪墙变形监测中的应用及精度分析

结合琅琊山电站大坝防浪墙变形监测项目,将三维边角前方交会应用于防浪墙变形监测中。通过对测量成果进行三维精度分析,其结果表明:采用本方法测得的成果达到了监测点平面精度、高程精度都小于±2 mm中误差的要求,验证了三维边角前方交会方法的可行性。为监测提供了一种合理而省时的观测方法,为今后大坝监测的研究应用提供了一定的借鉴。

基于角反射器的越江大桥InSAR形变监测方法研究

星载InSAR技术具有获取地表大范围、高精度形变位移信息的能力,已经成为对地形变观测的有效技术手段之一。文章将C波段SAR影像用于越江大桥形变监测,利用角反射器提高监测结果可靠性与精度。以上海长江大桥作为监测对象,在大桥主桥和邻近区域安装4台角反射器,采用大桥区域时间跨度2020年9月至2022年3月的Sentinel-1A卫星影像,通过多时相InSAR分析技术,获得了角反射器所在位置大桥形变速率与时序变化情况。研究结果表明,本文提出的基于角反射器的越江大桥InSAR形变监测方法可以实现越江大桥高精度形变监测。

合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术在城市高架桥变形监测中的应用

地面沉降灾害制约了社会经济的可持续发展,目前地面沉降监测广泛采取水准测量和合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术等方法。水准测量是监测形变的主要技术手段,精度高且应用广泛,而InSAR技术用于形变监测起步较晚,相关理论尚不成熟。文章以上海内环高架桥梁作为实例,运用InSAR技术进行沉降监测,采用K-均值聚类方法提取高架监测点,并与水准数据对比,验证了InSAR技术监测形变的可行性和可靠性。

An automatic unified modeling method of geological object and engineering object based on tri-prism(TP)

For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.

基于PSInSAR技术的上海长江大桥变形监测方法研究

桥梁稳定性监测是桥梁基础设施结构安全监测和健康状况评估的重要内容之一。InSAR技术以其全天时、全天候、大范围和连续覆盖的监测优势,可以在城市基础设施变形监测中充分发挥作用。文章基于PSInSAR技术对桥梁开展变形监测技术研究,建立以Sentinel-1 SAR影像为监测数据、SNAP为SAR影像数据预处理工具、StaMPS为桥梁形变信息提取工具的桥梁变形监测方法。采用2018—2020年86景Sentinel-1影像对上海长江大桥进行变形监测与分析,验证了PSInSAR技术在大跨径桥梁变形监测中的适用性,并对上海长江大桥形变状况进行评估,为桥梁运营管理决策提供技术支持。

A novel method of photographic geological logging based on parallel image sequence in small tunnel

Small tunnels such as engineering geological exploratory tunnels and mine roadways are generally narrow, which make the existing photographic geological logging technique inapplicable. Therefore, geological logging of exploratory tunnels has always been taking the method of manual sketch work which has low efficiency and poor informatization degree of products, and it is a technical issue requiring urgent settlement for geological logging of small tunnels. This paper proposes and studies novel methods of photographic geological logging suitable for small tunnels, including image acquisition, image orientation control, image geometric correction, unfolded image map generation and geological attitude measurement, etc. Experiments show that the method can meet the precision requirement of geological logging. The novel method helps to realize the fast acquisition and processing of image-based geological logging data for small tunnels, and the forms of logging result are more abundant and more applicable to informatized management and application of geological logging data.

自适应坡度的LiDAR点云形态学滤波

针对现有形态学滤波算法中存在阈值过多的问题,提出一种根据实验区数据的高程值,自动计算坡度的自适应坡度LiDAR点云形态学滤波方法。为验证算法性能,采用国际摄影测量与遥感学会提供的十五组参考数据进行滤波实验,实验结果表明该文提出的算法能去除非地面点同时较好地保留地面细节信息。将改进滤波算法与经典的滤波算法实验的三种误差进行对比分析可得,改进滤波算法的误差均低于经典滤波算法的误差。