The reference-frame-independent(RFI)quantum key distribution(QKD)is suitable for satellite-based links by removing the active alignment on the reference frames.However,how the beam wandering influences the performance...The reference-frame-independent(RFI)quantum key distribution(QKD)is suitable for satellite-based links by removing the active alignment on the reference frames.However,how the beam wandering influences the performance of RFI-QKD remains a pending issue in satellite-to-ground links.In this paper,based on the mathematical model for characterizing beam wandering,we present the security analysis for satellite-to-ground RFI-QKD and analytically derive formulas for calculating the secret key rate with beam wandering.Our simulation results show that the performance of RFI-QKD is better than the Bennett–Brassard 1984(BB84)QKD with beam wandering in asymptotic case.Furthermore,the degree of influences of beam wandering is specifically presented for satellite-to-ground RFI-QKD when statistical fluctuations are taken into account.Our work can provide theoretical support for the realization of RFI-QKD using satellite-to-ground links and have implications for the construction of large-scale satellite-based quantum networks.展开更多
The data post-processing scheme based on two-way classical communication(TWCC)can improve the tolerable bit error rate and extend the maximal transmission distance when used in a quantum key distribution(QKD)system.In...The data post-processing scheme based on two-way classical communication(TWCC)can improve the tolerable bit error rate and extend the maximal transmission distance when used in a quantum key distribution(QKD)system.In this study,we apply the TWCC method to improve the performance of reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD),and analyze the influence of the TWCC method on the performance of decoy-state RFI-QKD in both asymptotic and non-asymptotic cases.Our numerical simulation results show that the TWCC method is able to extend the maximal transmission distance from 175 km to 198 km and improve the tolerable bit error rate from 10.48%to 16.75%.At the same time,the performance of RFI-QKD in terms of the secret key rate and maximum transmission distance are still greatly improved when statistical fluctuations are considered.We conclude that RFI-QKD with the TWCC method is of practical interest.展开更多
三次采油技术中使用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)在高温高盐条件下会发生明显的水解和降解反应,抗温抗盐性能较差。疏水缔合聚合物凭借聚合物分子间缔合作用形成的大分子网状结构使其抗盐性有所改善,从而弥补了HPAM抗盐性差的缺陷。然而...三次采油技术中使用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)在高温高盐条件下会发生明显的水解和降解反应,抗温抗盐性能较差。疏水缔合聚合物凭借聚合物分子间缔合作用形成的大分子网状结构使其抗盐性有所改善,从而弥补了HPAM抗盐性差的缺陷。然而,疏水缔合聚合物存在其分子线团尺寸与油藏多孔介质孔隙尺寸间适应性差的问题,导致疏水缔合聚合物注入困难。针对疏水缔合聚合物与油藏适应性较差的问题,采用β-环糊精(β-CD)为疏水缔合聚合物缔合程度调节剂,通过室内岩心驱替实验方法,开展了β-CD对疏水缔合聚合物传输运移特性影响的研究。结果表明,β-CD可以改变AP-P4的缔合作用及在多孔介质中的行为。在浓度为1 g/L的疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4溶液中加入β-CD后,溶液黏度随β-CD加量的增加而减小,当β-CD加量达到0.07%时,AP-P4溶液黏度最低(26.2 m Pa·s),为本体黏度,难以发生缔合作用。同时,随着β-CD加量的增大,AP-P4分子链间缔合作用减弱,聚合物分子线团尺寸减小。随着β-CD加量的增大,在岩心渗透率相同(相近)条件下,AP-P4溶液的阻力系数和残余阻力系数减小,疏水缔合聚合物溶液在岩心内的传输运移能力增强。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61505261,62101597,61605248,and 61675235)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFA0309702)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2021M691536)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China (Grant Nos.202300410534 and 202300410532)the Fund of the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies。
文摘The reference-frame-independent(RFI)quantum key distribution(QKD)is suitable for satellite-based links by removing the active alignment on the reference frames.However,how the beam wandering influences the performance of RFI-QKD remains a pending issue in satellite-to-ground links.In this paper,based on the mathematical model for characterizing beam wandering,we present the security analysis for satellite-to-ground RFI-QKD and analytically derive formulas for calculating the secret key rate with beam wandering.Our simulation results show that the performance of RFI-QKD is better than the Bennett–Brassard 1984(BB84)QKD with beam wandering in asymptotic case.Furthermore,the degree of influences of beam wandering is specifically presented for satellite-to-ground RFI-QKD when statistical fluctuations are taken into account.Our work can provide theoretical support for the realization of RFI-QKD using satellite-to-ground links and have implications for the construction of large-scale satellite-based quantum networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61505261,62101597,61605248,and 61675235)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0309702)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M691536)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant Nos.202300410534 and 202300410532)the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies.
文摘The data post-processing scheme based on two-way classical communication(TWCC)can improve the tolerable bit error rate and extend the maximal transmission distance when used in a quantum key distribution(QKD)system.In this study,we apply the TWCC method to improve the performance of reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution(RFI-QKD),and analyze the influence of the TWCC method on the performance of decoy-state RFI-QKD in both asymptotic and non-asymptotic cases.Our numerical simulation results show that the TWCC method is able to extend the maximal transmission distance from 175 km to 198 km and improve the tolerable bit error rate from 10.48%to 16.75%.At the same time,the performance of RFI-QKD in terms of the secret key rate and maximum transmission distance are still greatly improved when statistical fluctuations are considered.We conclude that RFI-QKD with the TWCC method is of practical interest.
文摘三次采油技术中使用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)在高温高盐条件下会发生明显的水解和降解反应,抗温抗盐性能较差。疏水缔合聚合物凭借聚合物分子间缔合作用形成的大分子网状结构使其抗盐性有所改善,从而弥补了HPAM抗盐性差的缺陷。然而,疏水缔合聚合物存在其分子线团尺寸与油藏多孔介质孔隙尺寸间适应性差的问题,导致疏水缔合聚合物注入困难。针对疏水缔合聚合物与油藏适应性较差的问题,采用β-环糊精(β-CD)为疏水缔合聚合物缔合程度调节剂,通过室内岩心驱替实验方法,开展了β-CD对疏水缔合聚合物传输运移特性影响的研究。结果表明,β-CD可以改变AP-P4的缔合作用及在多孔介质中的行为。在浓度为1 g/L的疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4溶液中加入β-CD后,溶液黏度随β-CD加量的增加而减小,当β-CD加量达到0.07%时,AP-P4溶液黏度最低(26.2 m Pa·s),为本体黏度,难以发生缔合作用。同时,随着β-CD加量的增大,AP-P4分子链间缔合作用减弱,聚合物分子线团尺寸减小。随着β-CD加量的增大,在岩心渗透率相同(相近)条件下,AP-P4溶液的阻力系数和残余阻力系数减小,疏水缔合聚合物溶液在岩心内的传输运移能力增强。
